Darrell Ernst

Gerhard Mayer

February 2005

AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY

2

Introduction

• WRC Agenda Item 1.5

• The Aeronautical Telemetering Community

• The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum

• The ICTS Position

• A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda Item 1.5

3

WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5

1. consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz;

2. review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand;

3. consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above;

4. designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand,

4

Future Data Rates

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Dat

a R

ate

- M

bp

s

“Prediction is hard, especially about the future”

Data rate for one vehicle

5

Implications for the Spectrum

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Ban

dw

idth

MH

z

PCM/FM Tier 1 Tier 2

Multiply data rate by efficiency factor for each modulation type:

PCM/FM=2.4 Hz/bit Tier 1= 1.2 Hz/bit Tier 2= 0.8 Hz/bit

Current B/W Allocation = 215

Bandwidth needed for one vehicle

6

Region 1Kiruna, SwedenFormosa Bay, KenyaCoronie, SurinamBiscarosse, FranceSalto di Quirra, SardiniaAberporth, WalesZingst, GermanyEmba, Kazakhstan

Region 3Anna Plains, AustraliaChandapore, IndiaSonmiani, PakistanChiu Peng, TaiwanShuang Chenghzi, ChinaChangwon, S.KoreaMalute, PakistanWake, Marshall Islands

Region 2Tortuguero, Puerto RicoPunta Lobos, PeruFt.Yukon, AlaskaNanoose Bay, CanadaMar Chiquita, ArgentinaWallops, USAStromfjord, GreenlandPoker Flat, Alaska

Sou n din g ro c ke t l au nc h

s ite s

7

Science Missions Requiring Wideband TM

• Existing LEO-satellite data collection platforms only for narrow band data transmission (e.g. Argos, Orbcomm) available

• Onboard storage capacity limited by space and weight, data compression & reduction of science data onboard critical

• Data required on ground mostly in near-realtime

Therefore:• High-resolution science instruments, like imaging

sensors, spectrometers, carried as Balloon, Sounding Rocket or UAV- payload need wideband telemetry links to fulfill their future missions

8

Telemetry Inevitable in Global Missions

Platforms on balloon, sounding rocket and UAV required for In-situ-measurements & calibration of satellite and groundborne instruments

Examples of important disciplines :• Geophysics

Atmosphere, Land , Sea, Ice Research• Biology

Animal behaviour & wildlife research• Remote Medical Supervision

patient monitoring e.g. at expeditions („bush telemetry“)

9

Science and Telemetry Goes Global…

• Local changes of environmental parameters have a world-wide impact

• Wide-area telemetry networks needed to collect data from e.g. remote field stations, balloons, buoys, sounding rockets, UAV

• Specific ranges for launching, science observations and data collection worldwide available

10

To Ensure the Future Availability of

Electromagnetic Spectrum for Telemetering

ICTS MISSION:

11

International Foundation for Telemetering Board of Directors

Region I (Europe/Africa)CoordinatorJ. M. Berges

Region II (Americas)Coordinator

M. Ryan

Region III (Asia)CoordinatorV. Crouch

ICTSChair

S. Lyons

ICTSSecretary/Treasurer

ICTSVice ChairG. Mayer

Region IMembers

Region IIMembers

Region IIIMembers

D. Holtmeyer

www.telemetry.org

vrcrouch@bold.net.au

12

Aeronautical Telemetry

13

What is Telemetry?Telemetry : The process of measuring at a distance.

Aeronautical telemetry: The process of making measurements on an aeronautical vehicle and sending those measurements to a distant location for analysis

TemperaturesFlows

Vibrations

Velocities

Pressures

If it is ORANGE it is flight test measurement

14

End Slide

15

Band (MHz)ITU All

Regions USCommon Europe UK France Italy

Other European Austria, Finland,

Norway Spain Sweden Australia Canada

4400-4800 X GX - harmonized

military bandG G X Defense All X Defense

G 4460-4540

4800-49404800-4825; 4835-4940

G G G Finland, SpainG 4900-4940

4940-4990 4940-4950 G G Finland, Spain

5850-5925 X X G X DefenseAustria, Norway, Spain Sweden

X

6875-7125 X NG NG Spain Sweden X

7125-7300 X7145-7235 7250-

7300NG to 7250

Norway, Spain, Sweden

7125-7250

7900-8025 X

X - harmonized military band - 7900-7975 MHz

in NATO Countries

Austria(7942-8000) Norway, Spain, Sweden

14,500-15,300

X14,714.5-15,136.5

X - harmonized military band

14,620-15,230

G 14,500-15,250

14,620-15,350

Austria, Norway, Spain, Sweden

14,714.5-15,136.5

Defense, rest open

(secondary)

Current Band Allocations

X=Permitted G=Government Only NG=Non-Government Only

16

Band (MHz)ITU All Regions Japan India (Draft) Taiwan Argentina Brazil Chile Germany

4400-4800 X After 1/1/10 X X 4400-4500

4800-49404800-4825, 4835-4940

4800-4900 After 1/1/10

4800-4825, 4835-4940

X4900-4925 4935-4940

4940-4990 4940-4950 4940-4950 X 4940-4950

5850-5925 X X X X x X X

6875-7125 X X X 6875-7100 X

7125-7300 X 7125-7250

Public Service

X X X

7900-8000 X X X X 7900-7975

14,500-15,300 XCommercial

Telecom Service

X X14,620-15,230

X=Permitted G=Government Only NG=Non-Government Only

Current Band Allocations (Concluded)

17

Spectrum Encroachment

239

0

235

0

220

0

225

0

230

0

2200-2290 MHz: Unmanned 2360-2390 MHz: Manned

1435-1525 MHz: Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry

2200-2390 MHz: Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S Band) Telemetry

152

5

150

0

143

5

146

0

148

5

One A/C can easily use over 20MHz of spectrum

for a single mission

WARC 92

BBA 97

Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBSS, MediaStar

OBRA 93 BBA 97

WARC 92US Alternative

18

TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS

• The use of telemetry spectrum is common to many different nations and many purposes– National defense– Commercial aerospace industry– Space applications– Scientific research

• The primary telemetering applications represented by ICTS are – Range and range support systems

• Land mobile• Sea ranges • Air ranges

– Space-based telemetry systems– Meteorological telemetry

19

•Aero-Sensing•Aerospace and Flight Test Radio Coordination Council•Aerospatiale Airbus•Airbus•Australian Department of Defence•Boeing Company•British Aerospace•Dassault Aviation•Eurocopter•European Telemetering Standardization Committee•French Department of Defense•German Society of Telemetering•IN SNEC•MITRE Corporation•National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)•New Mexico State University•Sandia National Laboratories•SEE•Spanish Department of Defense•United Kingdom Department of Defence•United States Department of Defense

ICTS SOCIETAL MEMBERSHIP

20

M ITRE

10 /11/20 00 14

Atmospheric Attenuation vs. Frequency

Frequency (GHz)

Sp

ecif

ic A

tten

uat

ion

(dB

/km

)

A: Rain

Downpour (150 mm/hr)

Heavy (25 mm/hr)

Light (5 mm/hr)

Drizzle (0.25 mm/hr)

B: Fog (0.1g/m 3)

C: Gaseous (H2O + O 2)

3 30

Proposed New TM Band

L, S TM Bands

Source: Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases, Report 719-3,Reports of the CCIR, 19990, Annexto Vol. V: Propagation in Non-Ionized Media, Geneva, 1990, pg. 190.

21

Techniques for Mitigating Spectrum GrowthTechnique Potential Gain Limitations

Command Link Significant reduction of data quantities

Receiver volume & power, duration of test

Networking Reduce channel inefficiencies Destructive & short duration tests

On-Board Processing Significant reduction of transmitted data

Unexpected events

Data Compression Potential to reduce amount of transmitted data

Link layer compression has no advantage

On-Board Recording Off-loading of data not needed real-time

No data if platform does not return to ground intact

Modeling and Simulation (M&S)

Reduced flight data collection Validity and accuracy of M&S

In-Band Telemetry No independent telemetry link Data link not always available

Real Time Spectrum Management

Efficient use of available spectrum Predictable behavior of algorithms has not been verified

On-Board Test Engineer

Reduce data transmission to ground

Only feasible on large manned aircraft

Directional Transmit Antenna

Increased signal strength, spectrum reuse

Volume, cost of antenna

22

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Res 230 AI 1.5

23