RCR Wireless Webinar What is LTE Testing? A high level overview of LTE testing from a holistic perspective. The webinar will cover major areas of test, typical test groups and test methodologies. !

Amir Ghanouni"June 2011"

"

Agenda"

  Introduction"  What is LTE?"  Major areas of test"  Who requires to test LTE products?"  Test methodologies"  Examples of test equipment"

A Leader in High Performance Wireless"

Leading global provider of fabless, high reliability, RadHard integrated circuits and components, and specialty test & measurement systems (wireless Communications Test)"

Company Overview"

Space, Avionics

& Defense

64%

Medical and Other

9%

Commercial Wireless

Communications27%

FY2010 Revenue by End-market

FY2010 Revenue by Geography

•  Focused on space, avionics, defense, commercial wireless and medical markets"

•  Traded on NYSE (ARX) with a $2.4 billion enterprise value"

•  FY 2010 Revenue: $655 million, CAGR 13.1% since 1991"

•  FY 2010 Adjusted EBITDA: $166 million"

•  21 locations"•  2,950 employees""

Key Facts"

U.S. 58% Europe &

Middle East 21%

Asia & Australia

18%

Other 3%

What is LTE?"  What does LTE stand for?"

–  Long Term Evolution"  LTE is TRUE 4G"

  LTE Network "–  Mobile = User Equipment (UE)"–  Base Station = Evolved Node B (eNB)"

ANALOG (1G) TO LTE (4G)

LTE Features"  LTE is all about data   High peak user data rates – 150 Mbps DL and 75 Mbps

UL   High average data throughput rates–12 Mbps DL and 5

Mbps UL   Lower latency – 5 ms   Guaranteed radio coverage – MIMO, Scalable BW and

Improved Spectrum Efficiency   Individual Quality of Service – Enhanced End-to-End

QOS (HDTV Video Streaming, Mobile TV, etc.)   Service continuity between access networks -

Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and Non-3GPP Systems

LTE in Comparison"CDMA vs LTE

WCDMA (3G) vs LTE

LTE Key Features"

LTE Infrastructure"  Focus is on devices and base stations"

LTE Network

6/17/11" Proprietary" 9"

The eNode B Hosts the following functions: "  Functions for Radio Resource Management (RRM): "

–  Radio Bearer Control"–  Radio Admission Control "–  Connection Mobility Control "–  Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and

downlink (scheduling)"  IP header compression and encryption of user data stream"  Selection of a MME at UE attachment"  Routing of User Plane data to the Serving Gateway"  Scheduling of paging message transmission to UE"  Transmission of broadcast information"  Measurement reporting"

eNode B Functions"

6/17/11" Proprietary" 10"

LTE Network Architecture"

6/17/11" Proprietary" 11"

LTE Design and Test Challenges"  New physical layer"

–  New measurement types, (i.e. EVM of both composite signal and specific channels and signals)"

–  Wide, variable bandwidths, 1.4 MHz – 20 MHz "–  New frequency bands "–  Need to apply Doppler shift to test tolerance to frequency error"

  All IP operation"–  Need to make High-speed data throughput measurements: 150 Mbit/sec"–  Packet-based measurements: packet latency, packet loss during adverse

conditions, handover"  Power consumption"

–  Always an issue, especially with first-generation devices"–  Need to perform measurements under realistic conditions, with multiple tasks

running in parallel and at high data rate"  Multiple radio standards:"

–  LTE (FDD + TDD) + WCDMA/HSPA + GSM/(E)GPRS + CDMA2000/EVDO + Wi-Fi"–  Need to be tested in combinations"

  Smaller form factors "–  USB dongle, embedded module, PC Card"–  Can cause heat dissipation and EMC issues which, again, need to be tested ""under realistic conditions"

Who Tests LTE?"

  Device manufacturers"–  Handsets, Hotspots, USB adapters, M2M devices,

etc."–  Development/Design Teams"–  Production/Manufacturing"–  Conformance teams"–  Field testing"

  Base station vendors"–  Base station (eNode B) vendors, FemtoCells, Pico

Cells, Cellular/Wi-Fi Routers, etc."–  Development/Design teams"–  Production/Manufacturing"–  Field testing"–  Maintenance and support"

Stages of LTE Device Testing"

Major Areas of Test"

  RF"  Protocol"  System testing"  Performance"  Conformance"  Field"  Production"  Application testing"

Test Methodologies – R&D"  Physical Layer (L1/PHY)"

–  RF Tests"  Maximum Output Power"  Power Control"  Receiver Sensitivity"  Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)/Sub-Carrier"  Occupied bandwidth"  Multipath Effect"  ACLR"

–  Measurements needs to be established " using signaling protocol"_ "Test equipment requires to emulate full"

"eNB"

Test Methodologies – R&D"  Protocol Layer L2/L3 (MAC, RLC, PDCP,

RRC and NAS)"–  Logging with time stamp"–  Filtering"–  Trace Fault"–  Message Decoding"–  Testing each sub-layer is critical"

Test Methodologies – Production Testing"

  Production Testing"–  Non-Signaling Test = Speed Advantage"–  Concentrate on RF Parametric Test with or without

signaling"–  Basic handover scenarios"–  Mainly focus on testing hardware as software doesnʼt

change device to device"

  Field Testing"–  Network test"–  Handover test"–  Cell Edge test"

  Application Testing"–  Streaming video"–  Games"–  Internet browsing"

Test Methodologies – Field, Application Test"

6/17/11" Proprietary" 19"

Stages of LTE eNB Testing"

  Development/R&D"  Integration"  Verification"  Optimization"  Stress/Load over large number of UEs"

""Test Equipment Require to Provide Low Level UE Control, Configuration Flexibility and Measurement Data"

Test Methodologies – R&D - eNB"

–  Logging "–  Filtering"–  RRC Test"

  Admission Control"  Load Balancing"  Radio Mobility "  HO Decision"

–  Layer by layer control""

  Protocol Emulation"

Test Methodologies – R&D"

  Protocol Emulation"–  Negative testing"–  Real time feedback of

scheduling information"–  Handover "

  LTE to LTE"  LTE to other cellular technologies"

–  Support of data ""services"

Test Methodologies – R&D"  Stress/Performance Testing"

–  Real world environment"–  Data Throughput is key in LTE"–  Complete End-to-End via RF Interface"–  Emulate different traffic profile"–  L1/L2/L3 statistic"

  L3 msg/sec, failure/success rates of the calls"

6/17/11" Proprietary" 23"

LTE Tests Overview"  Measurements/Base Station Emulator"

–  Emulates eNB and core network, provides main protocol procedures"–  Provides logs/traces of all protocol activity as well as parametric

measurements"–  Configurable test parameters"

  RF Parametric Tests"–  Uplink SC-FDMA Signal Analysis, EVM vs. Sub-Carrier, EVM vs. Symbol,

ACLR, CCDF, Freq Error, Occupied Bandwidth, Spectrum Analysis, etc.""

  Functional Tests"–  Cell Selection, RRC Connection/Release, Context Activation/Release,

Location Update, Session Establishment/Release, Ciphering, Transmit Timing Accuracy, Measurement Reporting, VoIP, NAS Message Transfer"

  Performance Tests"–  Packet latency, BER, Data Throughput with dynamic resource allocation,

Doppler shift, Fading and AWGN, Handover (channel change) interruption time"

Test Equipment for Device Testing- 7100"

Test Equipment for eNB Testing - TM500"  TM500 UE Simulator"

–  Used in module/subsystem development, test, integration, regression and Network verification."

  Provides features not available on ‘real’ terminals. "–  1 UE à 1000 UEs "–  Full stack or layered operation (at L1, L2, L3

and application)"–  Fully automated control and data logging "–  Operation in the lab or over the air"

" ‘Industry standard’ for 3GPP

Base Station Testing""

""

THANK YOU!""

Questions?"Please submit questions using your Gotowebinar control panel."