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Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Aeroelasticity in Aircraft Development:Challenges and Objectives
Aeroelastics Workshop Liverpool University, 13-15 Sep 2010
Aeroelastics Workshop Liverpool University
Presented by
Silvio SchulzeLoads & AeroelasticsAirbus Operations
September 2010
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Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations Page 2
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Flight Control System
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
Certification
Business Drivers
Product Policy
New Technology
Time to Market
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Certification
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Flight Control System
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
Page 3
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Unsteady Aerodynamics
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Process & Evolution
Page 4
Aero Data
WT
CFD
DLM Δcp, z Few modes
Baseline Correction Direct CFD
Geometric Detail Correction Capability Aerodynamic Detail
3D Panel
Cp u/l
x,y,z
• All modes• Complex geometry
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Unsteady Aerodynamics
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
CFD for Aeroelastics
Page 5
Challenges
Accuracy• Full Flight Envelope• High Cl, Ma, α• Control-surface/Spoilers
0.7 0.8 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.96 Mastrongmild
?
Efficiency• Rapid CFD• Variable Fidelity• ROM, Approximation
Lin NS, THBPOD, SVD LSQ, RBF
Capability• Full Mode Shape Capability
• Robust Moving Mesh• Chimera
Control-surfacesFull Aircraft
+
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Unsteady Aerodynamics
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
CFD for Aeroelastics
Page 6
Challenges, cont.
Future Designs• Passive/Active Flow Control• Future Propulsion Systems
Laminar Flow Engine Integration
Detached Flows• Wakes, Jet Effects, Cavities
in support of Landing Gear Doors/Fairings/Flaps design
© Airbus
strake vortex
kink vortex trailing edgeseparation
separation linesattachement line
crossflow
tip vortex
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Future Applications• Aircraft Gust Response• Aircraft Rational Manouvre
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Certification
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Aeroelastic Coupling & InteractionsFlight
Control System
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Page 7
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Major Component Interfaces
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations Page 8
Improvement Objectives & Challenges
High-Lift Integration
Landing Gear Integration
Hydro-Elastic Vibrations
APU Integration …
Damping Prediction
Control Surfaces
Integration
Propulsion System
Integration
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Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Major Component Interfaces
Improved Interface Modeling
Page 9
• How to represent secondary structure effects in the Dynamic Master Model with regard to global/local stiffness participation / damping / non-linearity ?
Challenge
Dynamic Master Model (primary structures)
Detailed FEM(primary & secondary)
Detailed FEM(incl. local structures)
Sponson
WFF
VTP tip
DorsalCover Shield
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Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Propulsion System
Integration
Local Non-linearities Treatment
Top Forward Mount
Soft Mounted Engines
Non-linear Characteristics
Parameters: amplitude, frequency, preload & temperature
Page 10
‘Prony series’
• Simplified model• Use of classical liner elements
Applications Non-linear Effects DMM Integration• Whirl, low freq.• Engine induced vibrations, mid freq.
• SEI, high freq.
• Stiffness/damping as function of oscillatory amplitude& frequency
Improved Modeling in line with Needs & Process
Challenge
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Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Actuator/Aero Non-linearities
WT ResultsAerodynamic Non-linearities• Hinge Moment
Dependent on C/S Deflection Amplitude
Control Surfaces
Integration
Actuator Non-linearities• Damping / Stiffness
Dependency on Excitation Force Level
GVT Resultselevator rotation
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Flutter Computation
HTP bending
• Conservative AssumptionsToday
• More Realistic Assumptions Complexity/UnderstandingTomorrow
Challenge
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Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Damping Prediction
A Real Research Challenge!Damping Modeling
TodayModal Damping: Global conservative estimate.
TomorrowAbility to model relevant damping effects within standard FE analysis.
ChallengeUnderstand the origin and mechanisms of concentrated and distributed
damping sources. Find adequate models suitable for whole aircraft FE calculations.
Improve understanding of impact on overall aircraft response to guide design improvements.
Lighter DesignsReduced GVT
Benefits
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Certification
Flight Control System
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
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Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Efficiency vs. FidelityAeroelastic (Aero-Structure) Coupling
September 2010
DLM
Standard Process• Efficient & fast
FEM
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CFD Process• Challenging & time-consuming
CFD
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Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Computational Aeroelasticity
CFD/CSM Inter-grid Interpolation• Accurate Force & Motion Transfer• Splines, Mapping, Inter-/extrapolation
Static CFD/CSM Aeroelastics• Steady Iterative Solution• Non-linear Trim
Dynamic CFD/CSM Aeroelatics• Unsteady, Time-marching• Transient Response
Three Major Bricks
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Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
CFD/CSM Inter-grid InterpolationChallenges
ComputationalEfficiency
• Time for building spline matrix• Size of spline matrix• Distributed / parallel computation
Partition of UnityTree structures
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Model Build Rules & Automation
CFDFEM• Meshing
• Parts• Blending • Relaxation
Splines
Physical Nodal Loads
Direct Pressure Mapping
SplineInterpolation of Pressures
?Quality/Accuracy
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Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
CFD/CSM Inter-grid Interpolation
• Simple and complex FEM• Block-structured &
unstructured/hybrid CFD• Spline verification
Features • Component approach & Partition of Unity
• Advanced spline blending & relaxation (complex geom)
Airbus / MSC.Software Technology ProjectTransfer of Airbus in-house development to MSC SimXpert / MD Nastran Platforms
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Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
CFD/CSM AeroelasticsChallenge
CFD/CSM Aeroelastic Toolbox
Applications Control
Common Data Bus
Common framework and integration platform using state-of-the-art HPC.
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Certification
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Aeroelastic Coupling & Interactions
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Flight Control System
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
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Flight Control System
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Challenge
Number of control surfaces
Number of control objectives
Master Complexity
Number of non-linear interactions
Number of control parameters
Smart/morphing structures
• Intelligent reduction of FCL • Automatic/robust linearization• Non-linear ROM’s• Insight & engineering judgment
?
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Certification
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Aeroelastic Coupling & InteractionsFlight
Control System
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
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Overall Aircraft Design & Optimization
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Two AxesAircraft
PerformanceOverall aircraft optimizationwith respect to:• Aerodynamic performance• Handling Qualities• Loads/Stress/Weight
Aeroelastic Performance
Structural optimizationwith respect to:• Flutter• CS effectiveness• Stress/Weight
Multi-disciplinary problems solved by
multi-functional teams.
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ChallengeEstablish an efficient aircraft design and configuration optimization capability taking full benefit of dedicated aeroelastic trade studies.
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Certification
Structural Dynamics & Vibrations
Aeroelastics Core Activities / Processes
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Aeroelastic Coupling & InteractionsFlight
Control System
Overall Aircraft
Design & Optimization
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Testing and V&V
Aeroelastics & Dynamics
Page 23
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Testing and V&V
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
On Ground
In FlightIn Wind Tunnel
In the Computer
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Testing and V&V
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
Challenge
Advanced technology aircraft
Uncertainties
How to master the increasing complexity of our products and reduce test effort at the same time?
New V&V Strategies
Test Performance & Quality
Advanced Simulation & Virtual Testing
Management of Uncertainties
Model Tuning Techniques
Increasing pressure to reduce test effort
Time & cost
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Questions
September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations Page 26
Silvio [email protected]
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September 2010Aeroelasticity Challenges - EDGLAS - Ref. X030PR1017978 - Issue 1 Silvio Schulze, Airbus Operations
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