aerial survey and mapping systems productivity analysis

Aerial survey and mapping systems

Productivity analysis

VisionMap Proprietary VisionMap Proprietary

The A3 family ofAerial Survey and Mapping Systems

Aerial Survey Digital

Frame Camera Ground Processing System


A3 & A3 EDGE Digital Rotating Frame Cameras

A3 EDGE A3 Camera type35 35 Total Weight (kg)

53*53*53 53*53*53 Size (cm)

10 10 Camera installation time (min)

111.28 109.62 Max FOV (deg)80,500 * 10,200 60,000 * 8,000 Max Footprint (pix)

780 460 Max SLF size (pix)5.5 9.0 Pixel size (micron)300 300 Focal lengths (mm)

RGB / RGB+CIR RGB / RGB+CIR Color 12 12 Color depth (bit)

Forward, Roll, Vibration

(FMC,RMC,VC)

Forward, Roll, Vibration

(FMC,RMC,VC) Motion Compensation

8 - 9 6 - 8On-board storage capacity for continues acquisition (hours)


Visionmap A3 Differentiators

The highest productivity in Aerial Survey

and Processing

Vertical and Oblique images in one flight

by single camera

Fully automatic Orthophoto production


Visionmap A3 Differentiators

Three types of aircraft installation

Three types of aerial survey


Aircraft installation


Vertical Flight Scheme

Orthophoto areaOrthophoto area

2α

Wo

Q1

W1s/W2s

Dv

Qp

2α

FOV FOV

FOV - full coverage angle2α – permissible orthophoto angleW1s/W2s – sweep/photo coverage width Wo – orthophoto widthQ1 – orthophoto side overlapQp – side sweep/photo coverage overlapDo – flight lines distance


Two-side Oblique Flight Scheme

Oblique coverage

βmax

Q2W2o

βmin

Rmax

Rmin

Oblique coverage

Lmin

LmaxLmax

Lmin

Do

βmax - oblique max. angle βmin - oblique min. angleQ2 - side oblique overlapRmax - max. oblique footprintRmin - min. oblique footprintLmax - max. oblique distanceLmin - min. oblique distanceW2o - oblique coverage widthDo - oblique flight lines distance


One-side Oblique Flight Scheme

Oblique coverage

βmax

Q2

W2o

βmin

Rmax

Rmin

Oblique coverage

Lmax

Lmin

Do

βmax - oblique max. angle βmin - oblique min. angleQ2 - side oblique overlapRmax - max. oblique footprintRmin - min. oblique footprintLmax - max. oblique distanceLmin - min. oblique distanceW2o - oblique coverage widthDo - oblique flight lines distance


Parameters of different cameras

Digital cameras Analog cameras

ParametersA3

EDGEA3

EAGLE 210

EAGLE 80

DMCII 250

UC-XpDMCII

230 UC-X

DMCII 140

UC-Xp wa

DMC UC-L ADS80 DSSRC-30

150RC-30

300

Focus (mm) 300 300 210 80 112 100 92 100 92 70 120 70 62.77 60 150 300

Pixel Size / Scan resolution (µ) 7.0* 9.0 5.2 5.2 5.6 6 5.6 7.2 7.2 6 12 7.2 6.5 6.8 15 15

Max frame size cross track (pix) 80,488 60,000 20,010 20,010 17,216 17,310 15,104 14,400 12,096 17,310 13,824 9,735 12,000 7,216 15,000 15,000

Frame size along track (pix) 10,172 8,000 13,080 13,080 14,656 11,310 14,400 9,400 11,200 11,310 7,680 6,588 ∞ 5,412 15,000 15,000

Frame area size (Mpix) 781 328 262 262 252 196 217 135 135 196 106 64 - 39 225 225

Max FOV across track (deg) 111.28 109.62 27.8 66.1 46.6 54.9 49.4 54.8 50.7 73.1 69.3 53.2 63.7 44.5 73.7 41.1

FOV along track (deg) 13.26 13.47 18.4 46.1 40.2 37.5 47.3 37.4 47.3 51.7 42.0 37.4 42.6 34.1 73.7 41.1

FPS (frame/sec) 4.80 7.40 0.56 0.56 0.59 0.74 0.59 0.74 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.40 - 0.36 - -

Comments:1. Technical parameters of the cameras are taken from open internet sources;2. A3 EDGE - sub-pixel binning from 5.5 um


Flight planning elements for A3

Orthophoto areaOrthophoto area

2α

Wo

Q1

W1s

Dv

Qp

2α

FOV FOV

FOV – field of view2α – allowable orthophoto angleW1s – one strip image coverage (SLF/sweep width)Wo – one strip orthophoto coverageQ1 – side overlap (~10%) between orthophotocoverages from adjacent stripsQp – side overlap between adjacent strips(~60%)Dv – flight lines distance


Aerial survey productivity comparison

Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;

3 5 10 15 20 25 300

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210DMCII 250RC-30 300 UC-XpDMCII 230EAGLE 80 UC-XDMCII 140 UC-Xp waDMCRC-30 150UC-LADS80DSS

GSD (cm)

Aeri

al surv

ey p

roducti

vit

y (

sq.k

m/h

our)


Aerial survey productivity comparison

Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;2. Image acquisition productivity depends on different camera and flight parameters – flight altitude, ground speed, camera FOV,

permissible orthophoto angle, minimal allowable forward and side overlap.3. These calculations are based on the following assumptions:

• Same ground resolution for all the cameras,• Same ground speed for all the cameras if there is no special speed limitations for the camera mentioned by the camera

manufacturer,• Minimal side overlap for A3 camera is 60%. Minimal side overlap for other cameras is 20%,• Same or less permissible orthophoto angle. Less – when the side overlap is getting less then 20%.

Ortho Angle (deg)

GSD (cm)

A3 EDGE A3 EAGL

E 210DMCII

250RC-30

300 UC-Xp DMCII

230EAGLE

80 UC-X DMCII

140 UC-Xp

waDMC RC-30

150 UC-L ADS80 DSS

Aerial Survey Productivity (sq.km/hour)

15 3 107 70 90 44 44 37 37 34 31 28 26 22 22 14 12 11

20 5 257 176 226 112 112 93 92 86 78 71 65 56 56 54 54 38

40 10 1,163 849 607 538 466 448 442 414 374 344 314 269 269 261 260 160

45 15 2,295 1,692 1,128 999 865 947 865 874 789 691 663 568 568 553 549 417

50 20 3,776 2,850 1,648 1,460 1,265 1,419 1,265 1,439 1,182 1,010 1,091 935 935 808 903 592

55 25 6,193 4,700 2,421 2,145 1,858 2,136 1,858 2,360 1,737 1,483 1,7901,53

41,534

1,187

1,481 895

60 30 9,350 7,121 3,296 2,920 2,530 2,907 2,530 3,351 2,422 2,019 2,7022,31

62,316

1,615

2,0171,21

9


Footprint

2**)2/( HFOVTgL


3 5 10 15 20 25 300

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000Footprint

A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210EAGLE 80 UC-Xp UC-Xp waDMCII 250DMCII 230RC-30 150RC-30 300 UC-XDMCDMCII 140ADS80UC-LDSS

Ground resolution (cm)

Footp

rint

(m)


Footprint

GSD(cm)

A3 EDGE A3 EAGLE

210EAGLE

80 UC-Xp UC-Xp wa

DMCII 250

DMCII 230

RC-30 150

RC-30 300 UC-X DMC DMCII

140 ADS80 UC-L DSS

Footprint (m)

3 761 590 600 600 519 519 516 453 450 450 432 415 363 360 292 216

5 1,703 1,322 1,001 1,001 866 866 861 755 750 750 720 691 605 600 487 361

10 7,059 5,569 2,001 2,001 1,731 1,731 1,722 1,510 1,500 1,500 1,440 1,382 1,210 1,200 974 722

15 11,881 9,351 3,002 3,002 2,597 2,597 2,582 2,266 2,250 2,250 2,160 2,074 1,814 1,800 1,460 1,082

20 18,286 14,009 4,002 4,002 3,462 3,462 3,443 3,021 3,000 3,000 2,880 2,765 2,419 2,400 1,947 1,443

25 25,419 19,451 5,003 5,003 4,328 4,328 4,304 3,776 3,750 3,750 3,600 3,456 3,024 3,000 2,434 1,804

30 33,887 25,957 6,003 6,003 5,193 5,193 5,165 4,531 4,500 4,500 4,320 4,147 3,629 3,600 2,921 2,165

2**)2/( HFOVTgL



Distance between flight lines


3 5 10 15 20 25 300

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000Distance between flight lines

A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210DMCII 250RC-30 300 UC-XpDMCII 230EAGLE 80 UC-XDMCII 140 UC-Xp waRC-30 150DMCUC-LADS80DSS


Dis

tance

betw

een fl

ight

lines (

km

)


Distance between flight lines

GSD(cm)

A3 EDGE A3 EAGLE

210DMCII

250RC-30

300 UC-Xp DMCII 230

EAGLE 80 UC-X DMCII

140 UC-

Xp waRC-30

150 DMC UC-L ADS80 DSS

Distance between flight lines (m)

3 303 237 287 142 142 118 117 109 99 91 83 71 71 69 69 63

5 676 529 641 317 317 264 261 244 220 203 185 159 159 154 153 140

10 2,792 2,184 1,479 1,310 1,135 1,092 1,076 1,008 910 837 764 655 655 637 633 547

15 4,766 3,728 2,218 1,965 1,703 1,864 1,703 1,721 1,553 1,359 1,305 1,118 1,118 1,087 1,080 820

20 7,154 5,596 2,958 2,621 2,270 2,547 2,270 2,583 2,122 1,812 1,958 1,679 1,679 1,450 1,621 1,063

25 9,982 7,809 3,697 3,276 2,838 3,261 2,838 3,604 2,653 2,265 2,733 2,342 2,342 1,812 2,262 1,367

30 13,286 10,392 4,437 3,931 3,405 3,913 3,405 4,511 3,261 2,718 3,637 3,118 3,118 2,175 2,715 1,641

Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;2. Distance between flight lines depends on different camera and flight parameters – flight altitude, camera FOV, permissible

orthophoto angle, minimal permissible forward and side overlap.3. These calculations are based on the following assumptions:




A3 EDGE SLF – Super Large Frame

FlightDirection

Single Frame

Super Large Frame – up to 780 Mpix

Lenses Sweep

Movement

Double Frame

Smooth sweep movement;

Up to 31 double frames per sweep;

Along strip overlap between frames 2%;

Cross strip overlap between frames 25%;

Forward overlap between two sweeps – determinable


Frame area


3 5 10 15 20 25 300.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00Frame area for stereo vectorization

A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210EAGLE 80DMCII 250RC-30 150RC-30 300DMCII 230 UC-Xp UC-Xp waDMCII 140 UC-XDMCUC-LADS80DSS


Fra

me a

rea (

sq.k

m)


Frame area

GSD (cm)

A3 EDGE A3 EAGLE

210EAGLE

80DMCII

250RC-30

150RC-30

300DMCII

230 UC-Xp UC-Xp wa

DMCII 140 UC-X DMC UC-L ADS80 DSS

Frame area (sq.km)

3 0.23 0.14 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.04

5 0.88 0.54 0.65 0.65 0.63 0.56 0.56 0.54 0.49 0.49 0.34 0.34 0.27 0.16 0.23 0.10

10 8.11 5.04 2.62 2.62 2.52 2.25 2.25 2.17 1.96 1.96 1.35 1.35 1.06 0.64 0.90 0.39

15 21.08 13.06 5.89 5.89 5.68 5.06 5.06 4.89 4.40 4.40 3.05 3.05 2.39 1.44 2.03 0.88

20 45.12 26.98 10.47 10.47 10.09 9.00 9.00 8.70 7.83 7.83 5.42 5.41 4.25 2.57 3.61 1.56

25 81.29 48.48 16.36 16.36 15.77 14.06 14.06 13.59 12.24 12.24 8.47 8.46 6.64 4.01 5.65 2.44

30 135.34 80.74 23.56 23.56 22.71 20.25 20.25 19.57 17.62 17.62 12.19 12.18 9.56 5.77 8.13 3.51

Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;2. Frame area depends on different camera and flight parameters – flight altitude, camera FOV, permissible orthophoto angle,

minimal permissible forward and side overlap.3. These calculations are based on the following assumptions:




Summary - A3 / A3 EDGE aerial survey productivity

Orthophoto GSD (cm) 3 5 10 15 20 25 30

A3

Flight Altitude (m) 1,000 1,667 3,333 5,000 6,667 8,333 10,000

Ground speed (km/hour) 296 333 389 454 509 602 685

Distance between flight lines (m) 237 529 2,184 3,728 5,596 7,809 10,392

Aerial survey productivity (sq.km/hour)

70 176 849 1,692 2,850 4,700 7,121

A3 EDGE

Flight Altitude (m) 1,278 2,131 4,261 6,392 8,52310,65

312,784

Ground speed (km/hour) 352 380 417 482 528 620 704

Distance between flight lines (m) 303 676 2,792 4,766 7,154 9,982 13,286

Aerial survey productivity (sq.km/hour)

107 257 1,163 2,295 3,776 6,193 9,350


A3 Light Speed Ground processing system

• A3 DataViewer – a viewer for aerial

survey data, images, data processing,

reports, absolute orientation, analysis

and export.

• A3 Light Speed (Processing and

Control Center) - an application for

cluster management and end-to-end

ground processing:

• Aerial triangulation,

• DSM creation,

• Orthophoto production.


Visionmap A3 End-to-end workflow

Aerial survey,

Imagery downloading,

GPS processing is executed by GrafNav program,

Aerial triangulation including matching and bundle block adjustment with self

calibration,

DSM creation,

DSM to DTM filtering currently is executed by third party programs,

Orthophoto creation with automatic cut-lines and radiometric adjustment.

There is a built-in graph editor for cut-lines editing.

Optional:

- Export – single images, SLFs, DSM.

- Import – exterior DTM, vector layers, GPS, GCP.


A3 Light Speed Final mapping products

Vertical and Oblique photogrammetrically

oriented images,

SLFs – super large photogrammetrically oriented

frames for stereo compilation,

DSM – digital surface model,

Orthophoto.


A3 Light Speed Orthophoto processing productivity

Orthophoto GSD (cm) 3 5 10 15 20 25 30

A3 EDGE aerial survey productivity (sq.km/hour) 107 257 1,163 2,295 3,776 6,193 9,350

A3 Light Speed orthophoto processing productivity (sq.km/24 hours)

90 250 1,000 2,250 4,000 6,250 9,000

Comments:

1. Processing productivity is calculated for a fully automatic A3 processing not including DSM calculation and common manual processes like cut-line editing and QA.

2. Processing productivity is calculated for the A3 Light Speed standard cluster, optimal aerial survey parameters and assumes parallel processing of several projects.


Spain

S = 504,030 sq.km;

Lwe ~ 850 km;Lsn ~ 850 km;


Aircrafts for Nation wide Mapping projects with A3 EDGE

AircraftServiceCeiling

(m)

Cruise Speed(km/h)

RecommendedFlight Altitude

(m)

OrthoGSD (cm)

Learjet 25D 13,715 859 12,784 30

King Air B200 10,700 536 10,653 25

Cessna 421 9,205 444 8,523 20

Cessna 402 8,600 394 8,523 20

Aero Commander 685 8,000 412 7,670 18

Cessna 404 Titan 7,925 303 7,670 18


Mapping of Spain with A3 EDGE & A3 LightSpeed

AircraftOrthoGSD(cm)

Distance between

Flight Lines (m)

Number of Flight

lines

Aerial Survey Productivity(sq.km/hour)

Processing Productivity (sq.km/day)

Total Aerial Survey

Time (day)

Total Processing time (day)

Learjet 25D 30 11,979 54 10,294 9,000 10 56

King Air B200 25 9,982 64 5,343 6,250 17 81

Cessna 421 20 7,986 80 3,550 4,000 26 126

Cessna 402 20 7,986 80 3,150 4,000 29 126

Aero Commander 685 18 7,187 89 2,955 3,300 31 153

Cessna 404 Titan 18 7,187 89 2,183 3,300 41 153

Comments:1. For these calculations the mapping area is presented as a rectangle of size 800 km x 630 km = 504,000 sq.km;2. Permissible orthophoto angle – 55 degrees;3. Forward overlap – 50 - 55%; Side overlap – 58 - 68%;4. Aerial survey day – 6 hours;5. Aerial survey time per one A3 EDGE camera including time for turns (5 min) between flight lines;6. Processing time is calculated per one standard A3 LightSpeed processing system supplied by VM;7. Processing time does not include DTM creation and manual processes like QA;


Camera’s Productivity Comparison

Comments:1. Permissible orthophoto angle – not more than 55 degrees;2. Side overlap – not less than 20%;3. Calculations are made for the flight with Ground Speed = 289 knots (535 km/hour) and GSD=25 cm;

Parameters A3 EDGE A3EAGLE

210EAGLE

80DMCII

250 UC-Xp

DMCII 230

RMK TOP 300

UC-Xp wa

UC-X DMCRMK TOP 150

DMCII 140

ADS80

GSD (m) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

Ground speed (knot) 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289

Allowable orthophoto angle (deg)

55 55 23 55 40 47 42 35 55 46 55 55 43 55

Flight altitude (m) 10,653 8,333 10,096 3,846 5,000 4,167 4,107 5,000 2,917 3,472 2,500 2,500 3,194 2,414

Forward overlap (calculated, %)

55 55 92 92 93 93 93 60 89 91 84 60 89 -

Side overlap (calculated, %)

68 67 22 24 20 20 21 20 33 22 28 34 21 20

Frame area (sq. km) 108.10 63.51 16.36 16.36 15.77 12.24 13.59 14.06 12.24 8.46 6.64 14.06 8.47 5.65

Flight Lines Distance (m) 9,982 7,809 3,697 3,604 3,276 3,261 2,838 2,838 2,733 2,653 2,342 2,342 2,265 2,262

Aerial Survey Productivity (sq.km/hour) 5,343 4,179 2,089 2,036 1,851 1,842 1,603 1,603 1,544 1,499 1,323 1,323 1,280 1,278

Productivity Comparison (%)

100 78 39 38 35 34 30 30 29 28 25 25 24 24


Camera’s Productivity Comparison

Comments:1. Permissible orthophoto angle – not more than 55 degrees;2. Side overlap – not less than 20%;3. Calculations are made for the flight with Ground Speed = 289 knots (535 km/hour) and GSD=25 cm;

A3 ED

GE A3

EAGLE

210

EAGLE

80

DMCII 25

0

UC-X

p

DMCII 23

0

RMK TOP

300

UC-X

p wa

UC-X

DMC

RMK TOP

150

DMCII 14

0

ADS80

UC-LDSS

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Aerial Survey Productivity

A3 EDGE

A3

EAGLE 210

EAGLE 80

DMCII 250

UC-Xp

DMCII 230

RMK TOP 300

UC-Xp wa

UC-X

DMC

RMK TOP 150

DMCII 140

ADS80

UC-L

DSSAeri

al Surv

ey P

roducti

vit

y (

sq.k

m/h

our)


Aerial triangulation accuracies

RMSEDz (m)

RMSE Dy (m)

RMSEDx (m) GCP/ChP GPS GSD (cm) Alt. (m) Alt.(feet) Strips Flight Mission

0.04 0.05 0.04 0/99 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 * 2 Bel A306

0.03 0.03 0.02 9/90 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 * 2 Bel A306

0.20 0.06 0.06 0/95 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 Bel A307

0.05 0.03 0.02 4/91 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 Bel A307

0.22 0.09 0.13 0/68 PPP 7.5 2,500 8,200 6 USA A313

0.07 0.09 0.06 4/64 PPP 7.5 2,500 8,200 6 USA A313

0.49 0.15 0.28 0/68 PPP 15 5,000 16,400 3 USA A310

0.17 0.14 0.11 4/64 PPP 15 5,000 16,400 3 USA A310

0.53 0.30 0.20 0/76 PPP 15 5,100 16,700 10 * 6 RUS A311

Comments:1. PPP – Precise Point Positioning GPS processing (without ground reference stations)2. DGPS – Differential GPS processing (with ground reference stations)3. GCP (Ground Control Points) = 0 – adjustment without GCPs (only GPS)4. ChP (Check Points) – GCPs are not participated in the adjustment.5. All 4 first were flown on test-fields with signalized GCPs. RUSA311 mission was checked with natural GCPs.6. Strips examples : 3 – three parallel strips; 3*2 - three parallel and 2 cross strips.


Conclusion 1 – A3 camera

Substantial cost reduction in aerial survey

● Easy to use

● Very high aerial survey productivity

● Pre-flight preparation time – 10 minutes

● Flight time reduction

● Maximal utilization of good weather

● Very effective aerial survey in urban areas with high

GSD

● Vertical and oblique images in one flight by single

camera in the same time


Conclusion 2 – A3 processing

Substantial cost reduction in processing

● Very high processing productivity● Fully automatic triangulation, DSM, orthophoto and

mosaic of very large blocks● End-to-end workflow in one software solution● Multiple projects parallel processing


Conclusion 3 – A3 SLF

A3 SLF area up to 6 times larger than the frame

area of other cameras

A3 SLF is very useful for large area stereo-

compilation, monitoring and photo-interpretation


Conclusion 4 – A3 Accuracy

A3 system enables PPP or DGPS processing

utilization

A3 system ensures high photogrammetric accuracy

with or without GCPs

A3 system does not need IMU


Thank you for your attention !

www.visionmap.comVisionmap video on YouTube:

1. A3 Digital Mapping System - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDmwSKj38Jw&feature=related

2. A3 Automatic Processing System - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljWjgoezxsk&feature=related

The information contained in this publication is provided for general guidance only and forms no part of the contract and shall not in any circumstances constitute a trade description. The Company reserves the right to change or amend specification without prior notice.

http://www.visionmap.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDmwSKj38Jw&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljWjgoezxsk&feature=related

aerial survey and mapping systems productivity analysis

Documents

oblique images

oblique overlap rmax

oblique distance lmin

oblique footprint rmin

oblique footprint lmax

a3 camera

coverage angle

a3 orthophoto area