.

(1)

( GCs)

GCsGCs

GCs

GCs

GCs1)

GCs 2)

GCs 3)

GCs

(2)GCs

GCs

GCs

53)

(province)(region) (city)

(barangay)Subdivision

Subdivision GCs(3)

2 GCs3 GCs

4 GCs(HOA: Home Owners Association)

GCs5

. GCs

(1)

4/5

4)

1946

(National Urban Planning Commission: NUPC)

1950NUPC

A Study on the Actual Conditions of Gated Communities in Metro Manila

*, **, **Maasa Kawahara*, Masato Dohi** and Sanae Sugita**

This study aims to clarify the actual conditions of the gated communities (GCs) in Metro Manila, Philippine. Interviews were conducted on the Home Owners Associations, local governments, and developers in Metro Manila. As a result, the followings were made clear. 1. GCs are categorized into 2 types by the security level and 5 types by the relationship to the main roads and neighbors. 2. Residents, developers and local governments regard the merit of GCs as safety and demerit of GCs as traffic problems. 3. The development of gated communities weaken public sphere which is composed of public space and public system.

Keywords: Metro Manila, Gated Communities, Home Owners Association, ownership, management

* Tokyo Metropolitan Government** Tokyo Institute of Technology

-1

(NUPC)

(NPC)

(MMC)

(MMA)

(MMDA)

Master Plan for Manila

Toward the City of ManilaRegional Development

Framework Plan

Toward A HumaneWorld-Class Metropolis

1945

1946

1950

1975

1986

1990

1995

1954

19761983

1996

- 139 -

24．

(National Planning Commission: NPC) NPC 1954

5)

1975(Metropolitan Manila Commission:

MMC) 1976 1983MMC

(1)

1990 MMC(Metro Manila

Authority: MMA) MMA

1995MMA

(Metropolitan Manila Development Authority: MMDA)1996

(2)

( )

(Relocation)

(Resettlement)

1970 (Slum Improvement Program)

78 27,4006)

('65.12 '86.02)

7)

1992

(Urban Development Housing Act: UDHA) 1993

98 (National Shelter Program: NSP)UDHA

8)(2)

(3) 9)

2001 200456.08 121.66

20052010

. GCs

(1)GCs

GCs (

-2

(PHC)

(NHC)

(PHHC)

(TFHS)

(MHS)

(HSC)

PD957

BP220

(HSRC)

(HUDCC)

(HLURB)

(UHDA)

(NSP)

1993 1998

(NHA)

1938

1945

1947

1973

1975

1976

1978

( )

1982

1986

1992

-3

880,000 493496[56.08%] 780,191 68.10%

320,000 389327[121.66%] 365,282 31.88%

- - 195 0.02%

1,200,000 882824[73.57%] 1,145,668 100.00%

1p( ) 2.5 (2007 12 )

-1 GC (3)

- 140 -

-1) GCs1948

Makati Forbes Park (4) MakatiGCs 60

GCs 10)

70 8080 90

(5)

11) Quezon(6)

(2) GCs

MakatiMandaluyong Manila Pasig Quezon San Juan

(7)

(8) 2007 10 11

GC ( -2)GCs

( -3) 4 (9)

GC (10) 316Quezon 266

Mandaluyong 4 Manila 2 San Juan 6 Manila 2

GCs 218Quezon

3Makati

Pasig QuezonGCs

GCs MakatiQuezon

GCsQuezon

GCs(1)

Makati

GCs

GCs(11)

(3)

Makati -2 GCs

( ) GC

( )

(4)

(7)

(2)

(11)

(4)

(24)

(23)

(12)(11)

(2)

(2)

(3)

-3 GC (12)

GCs

1

2

GC GCs GCsGCs

GCs

Makati 8 5 0 13

Mandaluyong 1 0 2 4

Manila 0 0 2 2

Pasig 6(1) (1) (2)

Quezon 6(15) (16)

San Juan 0 0 3 6

0

1

0

12

(1)

3

4521

(16)32

(18)

GC

GCs I II III I II III I II III I II III

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

10

27

3

40

0

1

0

2

0

0

3

8

0

0

0

2

0

10

0

1

0

5

3

0

9

0

0

0

1

1

0

2

5

0

0

0

26

0

31

0

0

0

1

160

0

161

0

0

0

0

10

0

10

0

0

0

0

2

0

2

0

2

1

4

17

3

27

0

0

1

0

1

0

2(1)218

29 21120

2 5 25

266

316

(1)

1

2

GC GCs GCsGCs

GCs

Makati 8 5 0 13

Mandaluyong 1 0 2 4

Manila 0 0 2 2

Pasig 6(1) (1) (2)

Quezon 6(15) (16)

San Juan 0 0 3 6

0

1

0

12

(1)

3

4521

(16)32

(18)

GCGC

GCs I II III I II III I II III I II III

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

10

27

3

40

0

1

0

2

0

0

3

8

0

0

0

2

0

10

0

1

0

5

3

0

9

0

0

0

1

1

0

2

5

0

0

0

26

0

31

0

0

0

1

160

0

161

0

0

0

0

10

0

10

0

0

0

0

2

0

2

0

2

1

4

17

3

27

0

0

1

0

1

0

2(1)218

29 21120

2 5 25

266

316

(1)

- 141 -

Quezon 2

( -4) barangay ( -4)2 barangay barangay14[ /ha] barangay 1,229[ /ha]

100

GCs barangay barangayMakati 82[ /ha]

320[ /ha] Quezon 132[ /ha]

209[ /ha] Quezon Makati( -4) Makati

GCs barangay 99[ /ha]barangay Quezon

Makati GCs barangayMakati 99[ /ha]

GCs200 299[ /ha]

barangay Makati194[ /ha] Quezon 168[ /ha] Quezon

GCsbarangay Makati

2 GCs(2) GCs

.GCs

(1)

GCsGCs

GCs HOA( -5)

(2)GCs

(open market housing:

)(medium cost

housing:p2,000,0004,000,000)

PD(Presidential Decree)957 HLURB(Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board)

GCs

( -6)

(3)GCs

GCs

GCs

HOA-4 2 barangay

-5

Quezon MakatiParanaque

MMDA Metropolitan ManilaDevelopment Authority

/GCs /GCs

/

4 (3 1 )

2007 10 11

Portland Trading

and Realty Inc.

Filinvest

/ GCs

/ GCs

/GCs /

2

GC

2007 10 11

Makati

(1 1 )

/HOA

/ GCs / GCs

/ HOA

HOA GCs

5 14 18

2 6 9

Quezon (5 8 )

Caloocan (2 2 )

3 8 9

Cainta (2 3 )

Bacoor (3 3 )

Tagaytay (1 1 )

2007 10 11

Quezon MakatiParanaque

MMDA Metropolitan ManilaDevelopment Authority

/GCs /GCs

/

4 (3 1 )

2007 10 11

Portland Trading

and Realty Inc.

Filinvest

/ GCs

/ GCs

/GCs /

2

GC

2007 10 11

Makati

(1 1 )

/HOA

/ GCs / GCs

/ HOA

HOA GCs

5 14 18

2 6 9

Quezon (5 8 )

Caloocan (2 2 )

3 8 9

Cainta (2 3 )

Bacoor (3 3 )

Tagaytay (1 1 )

2007 10 11

Makati

Quezon

(ha)

( /ha)

444,867

2,240.55

194

2,173,831

12,921

168

GCs

barangay

GCs

barangay barangay

93,200

1,142

82

903,778

6,838

132

351,667

1,099

320

1,270,053

6,083

209

1,201

1,229

14

25

(ha)

( /ha)

barangay

25,815 3,420

21.50 252.66

11,714 4,383

178.009.53

Quezon

Makati

0 2000m1000

-4 2

-6 PD957

- 142 -

HOAGCs

( -7) GCs

GCs

(4)

HLURB( )

HLURB

HLURBGCs

MMDAGCs

HOA

HOAHOA

GCs

(5)GCs

Barangay Office( ) HOA

HOA

(6)

GCs

GCs

GCs

(Q: Quezon, Ma: Makati, P: Paranaque, MM: MMDA)

Filinvest, Portland Trading and Realty Inc.

.

1940GCs

HOA

QuezonHOA

Makati

HOA

Barangay HOA

ParanaqueHOA

HOA

MMDA

HOA Barangay GCs

GCs

Q.Ma.MM

Q.Ma

Ma.P

P

MM

Ma

Ma

Ma.P.MM

Q.Ma

Q

MM

Ma

(

) P

GCs

GCs

-7

-9 GCs

13 9

10 7

9 4

9 2

-5

-8 GCs

MMDA

HLURB

( )

( )

( ) ()

GC

-10 GCs

-

-

-

-

HOA

(MERALCO)

( )

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-(MERALCO)

( )

-

-

-

-

HOA

(MERALCO)

( )

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-(MERALCO)

( )

- 143 -

GCs HOA

GCs

GCs

HOAGCs

.

GCs4

GCsGCs

GCs

HOAGCs

GCs

GCs

(1)1986 2

(2) 6) UDHA 5 1820

(3)Makati 10) Quezon QUEZON CITY COMPLEHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN 2000 (HLURB)

GCs

3.27% 12.51% 13.24%(4) 3) Manila

Ayala

EHS GCs Forbes ParkEHS GCs

GCs(EHS=Exclusive Habitation System)

(5)HOAGCs GCs

80 90(6) -1

Quezon

(7) GC 1) 3)3)Subdivision

HLURB(Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board) Manila 17

1940 1993 Subdivision 1,125 GC597 1) 1940 1993

3) Subdivision 1,784 GC905 1994

2001 HLURB license to sell2

GC1940 1993

1)1994 HLURB (license to sell)

GC Subdivision (Subd.) PD957

Open Market (OM) Medium Cost Housing (MCH)Lot House/ Lot

(Phase 1 2 3) 1 GC Subdivision

Subdivision (Subd.) BP220

Economic Housing (EH) Socialized Housing (SH) Lot House/ Lot

GC 2006 340 (2001 328)

(8) (7) 1994 GCsSubdivision Subdivision

GCs 591993 GCs

GCs281257

( METRO MANILA CITIATLAS ,Accu-Map)

(9) GC Quezon2

(10) 8) GCs(11) GCs

GCs

GCs(12)

GCsGCs

1) (2005), Gated Communities in Metro Manila: An Empirical Analysis on Living Conditions and Social Functions ,

2) (2004), Perceived Living Condition in the Gated Community in Metro Manila , ,No.39-3

3) (1997),, ,pp517-522

4)History of Town Planning in the Philippine; 2

Lecture of Associate Professor Roque Arrieta Magno, UP-SURP and Commissioner, Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, 2002The Journal of Asian Studies, Volume 31, No.4, August 1972

5)[www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/sp/jp/general/pdf/04_Philippines/04_02_jp.pdf -]

6) (2001), [4] , ,pp2467) 6), pp2478) 6), pp2519) 2004-201010)BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE VILLAGES (Makati )11)

- 144 -