MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS

Dexby P. de Guzman

Multiple-Choice Items One of the most popular item formats

in educational testing. It consist of:

Only one option is correct, the others are distracters.

STEM - describes the problem.

OPTIONS/ ALTERNATIVES – represent possible answers.

Parts of a Multiple-Choice Item

Myths on Multiple-Choice Items

People say:

- MC format is limited to testing recall of information

- Multiple choice is multiple guess

Options need to be designed that students who are unable to solve the problem will typically mark a different answer than those who understand the concept.

The Need to Construct Effective MC Items

Advantages of MC Questions

1. Multiple-choice items allow a test to obtain a more adequate sampling of content.

Can cover more content in less time.

Can readily measure procedural knowledge as compared to short answer items.

Advantages of MC Questions2. Multiple-choice items tend to structure the problem to be addressed more effectively.

Short Answer: What should be the first step in performing acid-base titration?

Multiple Choice: Which of the following should be done first in performing acid-base titration?1. Preparation of analyte.2. Standardization of titrant.3. Calibration of cuvette.4. Plotting of titration curve.

Advantages of MC Questions3. Multiple-choice items can be quickly scored.

4. Responses to multiple choice items are objectively scored.

Advantages of MC Questions1. Multiple-choice items allow a test to obtain a more adequate sampling of content.

2. Multiple-choice items tend to structure the problem to be addressed more effectively.

3. Multiple-choice items can be quickly scored.

4. Responses to multiple choice items are objectively scored.

Limitations of MC Questions

1. Multiple-choice items are somewhat susceptible to guessing.

• grammatical cues• logical cues• absolute terms• long correct answer• word repeats• convergence strategy

Limitations of MC Questions

2. Multiple-choice items often must indirectly measure targeted behaviors.

Example:

Using a periodic table, which among these elements is the most electronegative?

A. NB. BC. HeD. Si

Limitations of MC Questions

3. Multiple-choice items are time-consuming to construct.

“… the greater your experience in their construction, the longer it takes per [multiple-choice] item to construct a reasonably fair, accurate, and inclusive question.”

- Wilbert J. McKeachie

Limitations of MC Questions1. Multiple-choice items are somewhat

susceptible to guessing.

2. Multiple-choice items often must indirectly measure targeted behaviors.

3. Multiple-choice items are time-consuming to construct.