advances in nanotechnology & green chemistry · advances in nanotechnology & green...
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ADVANCES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY & GREEN CHEMISTRYSanjeev K. Manohar
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
This work was supported by the University of Massachusetts Lowell Nanomanufacturing Center of Excellence (NCOE), NSF-funded Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN, NSFaward #0425826), The Massachusetts Center for Biomanufacturing and the Green Technology Laboratory.
Sensors Using Ink-Jet Printed Graphene
Developed a new green chemistry method tosynthesize graphene, including the construction of aflexible, chemical warfare agent detector.
Research Outputs:
1. Publication: Angewandte Chemie 49 2154 (2010).2. Patent: Provisional application filed (2010).3. Collaboration: Prof. Rodney Ruoff, Univ Texas Austin
TX-100
a b
c
d
Vitamin-C
reduction dispersion
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
NO
2
Cl 2
CH
3O
H
C2H
5O
H
C6H
5C
H3
C6H
14
NH
3
CH
2C
l 2
R
/R%
Research in Frontier MaterialsOur research is in the synthesis andcharacterization of materials exhibiting novel andunexpected properties with application innanotechnology, biotechnology, and sustainableengineering and chemistry. Lines of inquiry include:
1. Sensors for detecting chemical warfare agentsusing soft nanotechnology (carbon nanotubes,graphene and conducting polymers).
2. Synthesis and characterization of nanostructuredmaterials using green chemistry approaches.
3. Sensors for detecting endotoxins and biologicalthreat agents.
4. Conversion of waste cellulose to biodegradableplastics.
www.frontiermaterials.net
Conducting Polymer Nanoclips
New method to synthesize conducting polymers in theform of nanosized clips using a very simple, water-based oxidative approach.
Research Outputs:
1. Publication: Journal of the American ChemicalSociety 132, 13158 (2010).
2. Collaboration: Prof. Xinyu Zhang, Auburn University.
Green Synthesis & Lead-Free Soldering
Developed a new green chemistry method tosynthesize a nanostructured conducting polymersurface finish for lead free electronics.
Research Outputs:
1. Publication: Green Chemistry 12 585 (2010).2. Collaboration: Benchmark Electronics, TURI.
3. Award: TURI, and citations form MA State House
Green Synthesis of Synthetic Metals
Developed a new green chemistry method tosynthesize nanostructured conducting polymersusing hydrogen peroxide (no toxic byproducts).
Research Output:1. Publication: Journal of the American Chemical
Society 131 12528 (2009).
NH2 + 5x H2O2 + 2x HCl4x
1M HCl/satd. NaCl
HN
HN
x
HN
HN
+Cl Cl+
- 10x H2O
- -
DNH2 + 5x H2O2 + 2x HCl4x
1M HCl/satd. NaCl
HN
HN
x
HN
HN
+Cl Cl+
- 10x H2O
- -
DNH2 + 5x H2O2 + 2x HCl4x
1M HCl/satd. NaCl
HN
HN
x
HN
HN
+Cl Cl+
- 10x H2O
- -
DNH2 + 5x H2O2 + 2x HCl4x
1M HCl/satd. NaCl
HN
HN
x
HN
HN
+Cl Cl+
- 10x H2O
- -
D
2 µm
Polyaniline: A Warfare Agent Sensor
Described a new method to detect highly oxidizingand toxic vapors like nitrogen dioxide using aconducting polymer film (chemiresistor).
Research Output:1. Publication: Sensors and Actuators B 143 454
(2009).
Nanofiber Growth Puzzle Solved
Uncovered evidence for a new mechanism fornanofiber formation in conducting polymers. Solves a10 year old puzzle in polymer chemistry.
Research Output:1. Publication: Macromolecules 42 1792 (2009).
Polythiophene: A Warfare Agent Sensor
Described a new method to detect chemical warfareagent vapors using thin films of the conductingpolymer polythiophene as the main sensing element..
Research Output:1. Publication: Macromolecules 42 5414 (2009).
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NO2
5 ppm
1 ppm
500 ppb
250 ppb
10 ppm
45
44
Re
sist
an
ce
(10
4Ω
)
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42
41
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
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ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
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8
ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
Time (min)0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NO2
5 ppm
1 ppm
500 ppb
250 ppb
10 ppm
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sist
an
ce
(10
4Ω
)
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41
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
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8
ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
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ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
Time (min)0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)
10075
5025
25 50 75 1005
10
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25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
25 50 75 1005
10
15
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25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
NO2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)
10075
5025
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)
10075
5025
25 50 75 1005
10
15
20
25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
25 50 75 1005
10
15
20
25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
NO2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NO2
5 ppm
1 ppm
500 ppb
250 ppb
10 ppm
45
44
Re
sist
an
ce
(10
4Ω
)
43
42
41
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
Time (min)0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NO2
5 ppm
1 ppm
500 ppb
250 ppb
10 ppm
45
44
Re
sist
an
ce
(10
4Ω
)
43
42
41
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
ΔR
/R%
Conc. (ppm)
Time (min)0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)
10075
5025
25 50 75 1005
10
15
20
25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
25 50 75 1005
10
15
20
25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
NO2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)
10075
5025
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)0 10 20 30 40 50 60
30
Re
sis
tance
(10
4Ω
)
27
24
21
Time (min)
10075
5025
25 50 75 1005
10
15
20
25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
25 50 75 1005
10
15
20
25
Conc. (ppm)
ΔR
/R%
NO2
Colorful Polyaniline: Solvatochromism
Described the origins of an unusual phenomenonin polyaniline, i.e., polymers display different colorsin different solvents.
Research Outputs:1. Publication: Synthetic Metals 159 2153 (2009).2. Cover: Work featured on the cover of journal.
Explosives Vapor Sensors
Uncovered a new chemiresistor material based onconducting polymers and carbon nanotubes that candetect explosives in air.
Research Output:1. Invention Disclosures: Six disclosures filed in 2010.
Next Generation Endotoxin Sensors
Developed a new method to detect endotoxins in thebloodstream using functionalized carbon nanotubes,and conducting polymers..
Research Output:1. Invention Disclosures: Two disclosures filed in 2010.
Flexible Plastic Transistors
Fabricated a flexible, all-organic transistor devicemade using the conducting polymer polyaniline.
Research Outputs:1. Publication: Journal of Applied Physics 103
194501 (2008).
0 -10 -20 -30 -400
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-200 V
-160 V
- 120 V
- 80 V- 40 V0V
VG
( V )
I DS
(A
)
VDS
( volts )
0 10 20 30 40
2.64
2.52
2.56
2.60
Resis
tance
(MΩ
)
DNT (80ppb)
DMMP (25ppm)DIMP (5ppm)
DNT(80ppb)
RDX (5ppt)
Time (min)
0 3 6 9 12
2.2
2.3
2.4
(M
)Time (min)
HN NH2
OOHN
HN H
Cl 2+1M HCl
HN
HN H
2
OO
1M HCl
HN
HN H
Cl 4+
1. Ascorbic acid
2. NH4OH (quench)
0 25 50 75 100 1251.68
1.72
1.76
1.80
1.84
1.88
500ng50g
100g
500g
Resi
sta
nce
(M
)
Time (mins)
CNT AmpBCNT