Advances in Genetics review questions

By Ms. Shaughnessy and blue team students

1. If the human insulin gene is introduced into a bacterium, what will happen?

• A. The bacterium mutates and makes a whole different organism

• B. The bacterium dies immediately• C. The bacterium will reproduce and

make lots of insulin• D. The bacterium will stop reproducing

Answer

• C. The bacterium will reproduce and make lots of insulin

2. What is the goal of hybridization?

• A. To make a clone exactly like parents

• B. to make a clone with all the traits of its mother

• C. To make an offspring with the good traits, only, from both parents

• D. To record all the DNA in the human genome

Answer

• C. To make an offspring with the good traits, only, from both parents

3. How are selective breed-ing, cloning and genetic engi- neering similar? (hint- think goals)

Answer:

• They are all methods used to get offspring with desired traits

4. When you clone animals, they

A. Act exactly the same

B. Look exactly the same

C. Have the same DNA

D. All of the above

Answer

• C. Have the same DNA

5. Explain how genetic engineers can use bacteria to help people with diabetes.

Answer

• You can insert the human gene for insulin into a plasmid of a bacterium. That bacterium will then produce insulin. Because it can reproduce quickly, it can make many more bacteria that can also make the insulin protein needed by people with diabetes.

6. How are bacteria used in genetic engineering?

• A. Human DNA is inserted into the plasmid so the bacterium produces a sugar called glucose.

• B. Plasmids are taken from bacteria and inserted into humans to make insulin.

• C. Human DNA is inserted into the plasmid of bacteria so they produce a protein called insulin.

Answer

• C. Human DNA is inserted into the plasmid of bacteria so they produce a protein called insulin.

7. An Empire apple is made from two different apples: Red Delic-ious and McIntosh. This is an example of

• A. Hybridization

• B. Cloning

• C. Inbreeding

• D. Genetic engineering

Answer

• A. Hybridization

8. In Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), what does somatic cell mean?

• A. Egg cell

• B. Sperm cell

• C. Egg and sperm cells

• D. Any cell other than egg and sperm

Answer

• D. Any cell other than egg and sperm

9. Put the following steps of SCNT in order

• A. Implant the embryo in the surrogate mother who will give birth to the clone

• B. Transfer the DNA from the somatic cell of the animal you want cloned into the egg whose nucleus has been removed. Stimulate cell division.

• C. Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg cell that was taken from the egg donor.

Answer

• C,B,A

10. How does the goal of hybridization differ from the

goal of inbreeding?

Answer

• In inbreeding, your goal is to make offspring with the same desirable traits as the parents

• In hybridization, you want to get an offspring that combines the desirable traits of each parent, but doesn’t have the negative traits.

11. What is gene therapy?

• A. Sequencing the whole base pair genome of a human body cell.

• B. Inserting a working copy of a gene directly into a person with a genetic disease who doesn’t have a working copy.

• C. Crossing two similar organisms so you can get an offspring with desired traits

Answer

• B. Inserting a working copy of a gene directly into a person with a genetic disease who doesn’t have a working copy.

12. Circle the method(s) people have used to develop organisms with desired traits• A. Cloning

• B. Selective breeding

• C. Inbreeding

• D. Genetic engineering

• E. Gene therapy

• F. hybridization

Answer

• A. Cloning

• B. Selective breeding

• C. Inbreeding

• D. Genetic engineering

• E. Gene therapy

• F. hybridization

13. What is an advantage of cloning cattle?

• A. Having a diverse herd of cattle

• B. Producing a herd of disease-resistant cattle

• C. They are cost effective and delicious to eat

Answer

• B. Producing a herd of disease-resistant cattle

14. Inbreeding is

• A. Making exact genetic copies

• B. Breeding indoors

• C. Crossing 2 animals with similar traits

• D. Crossing 2 animals with different traits

Answer

• C. Crossing 2 animals with similar traits

16. Which of these is NOT a way to produce organisms with desirable traits?

• A. Selective breeding

• B. DNA fingerprinting

• C. Genetic engineering

• D. cloning

Answer

• B. DNA fingerprinting

17. Which disease is commonly found in clones

• A. Cancer

• B. Diabetes

• C. Large-offspring syndrome

• D. hemophilia

Answer

• C. Large-offspring syndrome

18. What was the first mammal cloned successfully?• A. Mouse

• B. Sheep

• C. Caterpillar

• D. Dog

Answer

• B. Sheep

19. Name 3 ways DNA fingerprinting can be used in

real life.

Answer

• Catch a criminal; free an innocent person; determine paternity or maternity; identify skeletal remains

20. Which of the following is NOT a problem with cloning?

• A. LOS- large-offspring syndrome

• B. High failure rate

• C. Disease-resistant herds with consistent meat

• D. Expensive cost

Answer

• C. Disease-resistant herds with consistent meat