Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

Materials VOLUME 46, PART A

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An International Cryogenic Materials Conference Publication

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

Materials VOLUME 46, PART A

Edited by

U. Balu Balachandran Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne, Illinois

K. Ted Hartwig Texas A&M University College Station, Texas

Donald U. Gubser Naval Research Laboratory

Washington, D.C.

Victoria A. Bardos Synchrony

Bordentown, New Jersey

KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBLISHERS New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow

The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:

Advances in cryogenic engineering, v. 1-New York, Cryogenic Engineering Conference; distributed by Plenum Press, 1960-

v. illus., diagrs. 26 cm. Vols. 1- are reprints of the Proceedings of the Cryogenic Engineering

Conference, 1954-Editor: 1960- K. D. Timmerhaus

1. Low temperature engineering-Congresses. ed. II. Cryogenic Engineering Conference

I. Timmerhaus, K. D.,

TP490.A3 660.29368 57-35598

Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC), held July 12-15, 1999, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada

ISBN 0-306-46398-9

©2000 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 233 Spring Street, New York, N.V. 10013

http://www.wkap.nl

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

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written permission from the Publisher

CONTENTS

Preface .................................................................................................................................... xvii

Editorial. ................................................................................................................................... xix

Best Paper Awards ................................................................................................................... xxi

1999 International Cryogenics Materials Conference Board of Directors ............................. xxiii

A - STRUCTURAL AND CRYOCOOLER MATERIALS

High Voltage in Superconducting Power Equipment-Prospects and Limits ........................ 1 1. Gerhold

Mechanical Properties: Austenitic Alloys and Steels

Conditions for Increasing Low Temperatrure Plasticity of Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys during Martensite Transformation ........................................................................................... 21

L. V. Skibina, V. V. Eremenko, and M. M. Chemik

Dependence of the Temperature of the Martensitic Transformation Onset upon the Yield Strength of Austenite ......................................................................................... 29

M. M. Chernik

Local Fracture Toughness Evaluation of316LN Plate at Cryogenic Temperature ................................................................................................................. 33

A. Nishimura, T. Ogata, Y. Shindo, K. Shibata, A. Nyilas, R. P. Walsh, 1. W. Chan, and H. Mitterbacher

Finite Element Analysis and Notch Tensile Testing for Determining the Cryogenic Fracture Toughness of Structural Alloys ................................................... .41

Y. Shindo, Y. Mano, K. Horiguchi, and T. Sugo

Fatigue Properties of Weld Joints of Stainless Steels and Aluminum Alloy at Cryogenic Temperatures ............................................................................................. .49

T. Ogata, T. Yuri, M. Saito, and Y. Hirayama

Hydrogen Effects on 22-13-5 Austenitic Steel at Low Temperatures ..................................... 57 L. M. Ma, G. J. Liang, L. 1. Rong, S. H. He, and Y. Y. Li

v

Mechanical Properties: Non-Ferrous Alloys

Prestressing Concepts and Related Materials Qualifications for the ATLAS Barrel Toroid Coil ................................................................................................................... 65

J. M. Rey, B. Gallet, M. Reytier, and A. Dael

Mechanical Properties of a Boron Added Superalloy at 4 K and Magnetic Effect ............................................................................................................................ 73

K. Shibata, T. Kadota, Y.Kohno, A. Nyilas, and T. Ogata

Fracture and Tensile Properties of Boron Added Ni-Base Superalloy at 7 and 4.2 K, and the Effect of 13 Tesla Field .............................................................................. 81

A. Nyilas, K. Shibata, W. Specking, and H. Kiesel

New Cryogenic Processing for the Development of High Strength Copper Wire for Magnet Applications .............................................................................................. 89

L. Brandao, R. P. Walsh, K. Han, J. D. Embury, and S. Van Sciver

Temperature Dependence of Unstable Plastic Flow and Multi-Necking in ELI Ti-5AI-2.5Sn Alloy ....................................................................................................... 97

Z. Zhang

Superlight Alloy Al-Cu-Li - Low Temperature (293-20K) Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanisms ............................................................................................ 1 05

Yu. A. Pokhil, M. M. Chemic, L. V. Skibina, V. A. Lototskaya, S. V. Sokolskiy, and N. I. Kolobnev

Super Light Alloy Al-Cu-Li - Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance at Temperatures 293 and 77 K ................................................................................................................ 113

V. V. Eremenko, Yu. A. Pokhil, L. F. Yakovenko, E. N. Aleksenko, and 1. N. Fridlyander

Mechanical Properties: Structural Composites

Influence of Sliding Directions on Frictional Properties of GFRPs and DFRPs ..................... 119 T. Takao, T. Kashima, and A. Yamanaka

Frictional Properties on Surfaces of High Strength Polymer Fiber Reinforced Plastics ......................................................................................................................... 127

T. Takao, T. Kashima, and A. Yamanaka

Mechanical Strength, Swelling and Weight Loss ofInorganic Fusion Magnet Insulation Systems Following Reactor Irradiation ...................................................... 135

K. Humer, P. Rosenkranz, H. W. Weber, J. A. Rice, and C. S. Hazelton

Insulation Systems for Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnet Coils Fabricated by the "Wind and React" Technique ...................................................................................... 143

A. Devred, P. Bredy, M. Durante, C. Gourdin, J. M. Rey, and M. Reytier

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Unrein forced and Reinforced Polyphenylenes at Cryogenic Temperatures ................................................................ 151

V. J. Toplosky, R. P. Walsh, S. W. Tozer, and F. Motamedi

Fracture of Fiber-Metal Laminate Glare 2 ............................................................................... 159 A. Bussiba, M. Kupiec, and S. Ifergane

Cryomechanics and Short-Beam Interlaminar Shear Strength ofG-IOCR Glass-Cloth/Epoxy Laminates ............................................................................................... 167

Y. Shindo, K. Horiguchi, and R. Wang

VI

Reactor Irradiation Effects on the Fatigue Behavior of CTD-112P at 77 K in Tension and Interlaminar Shear ................................................................................... 175

P. Rosenkranz, K. Humer, and H. W. Weber

Influence of the Test Geometry on the Fatigue Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Plastics in Tension and Interlaminar Shear at RT and 77 K ........................................ 181

P. Rosenkranz, K. Humer, and H. W. Weber

Viscoelastic Behaviour of Unidirectional Fibre Composites at Low Temperatures ................................................................................................................ 189

Z. Zhang and G. Hartwig

Mechanical Properties: Polymers

Radiation Resistant Epoxy for Resin Transfer Molding Fabrication of Cryogenic Electrical Insulation ..................................................................................................... 197

J. B. Schutz, R. P. Reed, and D. Evans

Study of Bisphenol-F Epoxy Resin System for Impregnation of Super conducting Magnets ........................................................................................................................ 205

C. A. Baldan, C. Y. Shigue, U. M. C. Maciel, and E. Ruppert Filho

Swelling and Elastic Moduli ofIrradiated Resin Systems ....................................................... 211 D. Evans and R. P. Reed

Tribological Properties of Resins at Cryogenic Temperatures ................................................ 219 E. De Lamotte, P. Delobel, and H. Abou Messaoud

Development of a New Resin System for the U.S. ITER Central Solenoid Model Coil. .............................................................................................................................. 227

R. P. Reed, D. Evans, and P. E. Fabian

The Work of Fracture of Epoxide Resins at Temperatures to 4 K ........................................... 235 D. Evans and Z. Zhang

Low Temperature Adhesive Bond Strength of Electrical Insulation Films ............................. 243 D. Evans and R. P. Reed

Low-Temperature Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Epoxide Resins .......................... 251 Z. Zhang and D. Evans

Mechanical Properties: Ceramics

Microstructure and Toughening of Ce-TZP Ceramics at Low Temperatures ......................... 259 L. F. Li, K. Yang, and Y. Y. Li

Wrappable Ceramic Insulation for Superconducting Magnets ................................................ 267 1. A. Rice, C. S. Hazelton, and P. E. Fabian

Cryogenic Behavior of Piezoelectric Bimorph Actuators ........................................................ 275 R. Vaccarone and F. Moller

Physical Properties: Metals, Polymers, Ceramics, and Composites

Heat Flow Measurements on LHC Components ..................................................................... 283 D. Camacho, S. Chevassus, G. Ferlin, M. Pangallo, C. Policella,

J.-M. Rieubland, L. Simon, and G. Vandoni

vii

MgO-Zr02 Insulation Coatings on Ag/AgMg Sheathed Bi-2212 Superconducting Tapes by Sol-Gel Technique ....................................................................................... .291

E. Celik, E. Avci, and Y. S. Hascicek

Surface Flashover of Fiberglass Reinforced Epoxy Composite Insulation in Vacuum at Liquid Nitrogen and Room Temperatures using Power Frequency AC and Lighting Impulse Waveforms ....................................................... 297

1. Sauers, D. R. James, H. Rodrigo, M. O. Pace, B. W. McConnell, V. P. Patania, and A. R. Ellis

Development of High Performance Composite for Cryogenic Use ........................................ 305 S. Nishijima, T. Okubo, and T. Okada

Thermal Conductivity of34-700 Carbon Fiber Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures ................................................................................................................ 313

K. M. Amm, R. A. Ackermann, P. S. Thompson, A. Mogro-Campero, and J. M. van Oort

Measurement of the Thermal Properties of Epoxied Titanium Contacts at Cryogenic Temperatures .............................................................................................. 321

L. De Bellis, P. E. Phelan, P. Drake, and W. Kroebig

Thermal Expansion of Ultra High Strength Fiber and Its Fiber Reinforced Plastics ......................................................................................................................... 329

T. Kashima, A. Yamanaka, T. Takasugi, and Y. Nishihara

Measurements of Thermal Expansion of Nonmetallic Materials at Low Temperature using ESPI .............................................................................................. 337

S. Nakahara, J. Nishimori, S. Hisada, and T. Fujita

The Effect of Nanostructure on the Thermal Behavior of Aerogels ........................................ 345 R. F. Reidy, M. A. Quevedo-Lopez, R. L. Howard, R. A. Orozco-Teran,

A. Hernadez-Luna, R. Upadhyay, O. Mendoza-Gonzalez, and H. Dong

Change ofThermal Conductivity ofTi-20V and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Alloys Below Room Temperature with Isochronal Aging ...................................................... 353

M. Ikeda, S. Komatsu, and T. Sugimoto

Radiation Stable, Low Viscosity Impregnating Resin Systems for Cryogenic Applications ................................................................................................................. 361

D. Evans and S. 1. Canfer

Heat Treatment Effects on the Surface ofInsulation Material ................................................ 369 M. Wake, H. Nakai, S. Nakayama, and A. Kajita

Expected Lifetime of By-Pass Diodes for the LHC Magnet Protection Subjected to Liquid Helium Temperatures and Irradiation .......................................................... 375

R. Denz and D. Hagedorn

Magnetic Materials

Magnetostriction of Poly crystalline Tb-Dy Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures ..................... 383 J. Dooley, N. Good, 1. Graetz, R. Chave, and B. Fultz

Adiabatic Processes in Magnetic Materials ............................................................................. 391 A. M. Tishin

viii

Magnetocaloric Effect in GdAl2 and Nd2Fe17 ........................................................................ 397 S. Yu. Dan'kov, V. V. Ivtchenko, A. M. Tishin, K. A. Gschneidner, Jr., and

V. K. Pecharsky

Magnetothermal Properties of DY5(SixGel-x)4 Alloys ........................................................... .405 V. V. Ivtchenko, V. K. Pecharsky, and K. A. Gschneidner, Jr.

The Order-to-Order Magnetic Phase Transitions in Concentrated Alloys Gd-Y: The Curious Irreversibility .......................................................................................... .413

V. V. Eremenko, A. B. Beznosov, E. L. Fertman, P. P. Pal-Val, and V. P. Popov

Magnetic Regenerator Materials for Sub-2 K Refrigeration .................................................... 421 T. Numazawa, M. Okamura, O. Arai, and A. Sato

Testing Methods

Results of V AMAS Activities on Pre-standardization of Mechanical Properties Evaluation at 4K ......................................................................................................... .427

T. Ogata and Participants of V AMAS TWA 17

Determination of the Refractive Index and Thickness of a Transparent Film on Opaque Substrate via Cryogenic Spectrometric Ellipsometry .................................... .435

A. 1. Belyaeva, A. A. Galuza, T. G. Grebennik, and V. P. Yuriev

Status of European Material Testing Program for ITER Model Coils and Full Size Mockups ....................................................................................................................... 443

A. Nyilas, D. R. Harries, and G. Bevilacqua

Cryogenic and Aero-Space Structure Materials: Certification Methods, Low Temperature Physical and Mechanical Properties, Criterions of Choice: SR and DB ILTPE Nas Ukraine Experience .............................................................. .451

Y. A. Pokhil

B-SUPERCONDUCTORS

High Temperature Superconductors: Processing

Control of Anistropy in Bi1.8Pbo.33SrI.87Ca2CU30y Tapes by Means of Surface Columnar Defects ....................................................................................................... .459

E. Mezzetti, G. Castagno, A. Chiodoni, R. Gerbaldo, G. Ghigo, L. Gozzelino, B. Minetti, L. Martini, G. Cuttone, and A. Rovelli

A New Method to Fabricate Bi-2223 Current Leads .............................................................. .467 X. K. Fu, V. Rouessac, Y. C. Guo, P. Yao, H. K. Liu, and S. X. Dou

Influence ofBi, Pb Content on Formation and Microstructure of the (Bi,Pb)-2223 Phase after Partial-Melting ......................................................................................... .473

X. Y. Lu, A. Nagata, T. Endo, K. Sugawara, and S. Kamada

Phase Formation in Melt-Textured Bi-2212 in the Presence of Uranium Oxide .................... .481 M. Ionescu, S. Gong, J. Boldeman, and S. X. Dou

Rare Earth Element Complexes as a Liquid Precursor for (RE) Ba2CU30y Thin Film by MOCVD ........................................................................................................ .489

S. Yoshizawa, Y. Tasaki, K. Koyama, and Y. Fujino

IX

Voltage Tunable YBa2Cu307 -BaTi03 - Metal Capacitors for Use at Cryogenic Temperatures and High Frequencies-Processing and Characterization ................... .497

Yu. Vlasov, A. Lacambra, D. Dixon, F. Leon, and G. 1. Larkins, Ir.

Development ofBi-2223 Multifilamentary Tape .................................................................... 505 A. Takagi, K. Kosugi, M. Sugimoto, M. Mimura, T. Maeda, N. Uno,

M. Ikeda,S. Honjo, T. Mimura, and Y. Iwata

The Effect of Middle Heat Treatment on Critical Current Density of Bi-2223/Ag Tapes ............................................................................................................................ 513

H. 1. Zheng, Z. Z. Duan, C. S. Li, P. X. Zhang, Y. Feng, and 1. Zhou

Angular Distribution of Crystal Grains in Polycrystal Bi-2223/ Ag Tape ............................... 519 W. M. Chen, F. Wang, F. Lin, S. S. Jiang, Y. C. Guo, H. K. Liu, and S. X. Dou

Effects of Microstructure and Secondary Phases on the Superconducting Properties of AgAu Sheathed Bi-2223 Tapes .............................................................. 527

W. Zhu, D. R. Watson, and 1. R. Cave

Modelling of Current Transfer and Self Field Effects in Composite HTS Conductors ................................................................................................................... 535

D. R. Watson, F. Sirois, W. Zhu, and 1. R. Cave

Critical Current Densities and Normal State Resistivities in Hot Pressed Silver Sheathed Bi-2223 System Tapes ................................................................................. 543

1. Chikaba and K. Yoshida

High Temperature Bi2223/Ag Superconducting Tapes Doped with Ultra-Fine SiC Particles ........................................................................................................................ 551

Y. C. Guo, H. K. Liu, S. X. Dou, Y. Tanaka, and T. Kuroda

Ie Enhancement ofBi-2212/Ag Multilayer Tapes by Pre-Annealing and Intermediate Rolling Process ....................................................................................... 559

H. Miao, H. Kitaguchi, H. Kumakura, K. Togano, T. Hasegawa, and T. Koizumi

Effects ofBa Additions on Bulk Bi-2212 and Ag-Clad Bi-2212 Tape .................................. .567 U. P. Trociewitz, P. R. Sahm, and 1. Schwartz

Controlled Intermediate Quenching and Its Effect on Microstructure and Critical Current Density ............................................................................................................ 575

R. Zeng, P. Yao, 1. Horvat, H. K. Liu, T. P. Beales, and S. X. Dou

Development of 100m-Class Bi-2212 Multilayer Superconducting Tapes by PAIR Processing .................................................................................................................... 583

T. Koizumi, T. Hasegawa, N. Ohtani, H. Kitaguchi, H. Kumakura, H. Miao, and K. Togano

Preparation of Filamentary (Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd)123 Superconductors by OCMG Method ......................................................................................................................... 591

T. Goto, T. Kimura, and T. Kasuya

High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of Melt Textured Material ................................ 599

x

T. A. Prikhna, W. Gawalek, 1. K. Kovalev, V. E. Moshchil, F. Sandiumenge, P. Shaetzle, V. S. Melnikov, P. A. Nagomy, S. N. Dub, Ch. Wende, A. B. Surzhenko, V. V. Kovylyaev, N. V. Sergienko

High Temperature Superconductors: Properties

The Anomalous Resistivity Peak ofIntrinsic Layered High-T c Superconductors .................. 607 C. Buzea, T. Tachiki, S. 1. Kim, H. Wang, Y. Uematsu, K. Nakajima,

T. Yamashita, H. Sato, and M. Naito

Heuristic Model for the Anomalous Resistivity Peak of Low- and High-Temperature Superconductors Based on Materials Anisotropy .................................. 615

C. Buzea T. Tachiki, and T. Yamashita

Coupling Losses in HTS Prototype Multistrand Conductors as a Function of Frequency and Magnitude of Extemal AC Magnetic Field ......................................... 623

1. O. Willis, D. E. Daney, M. P. Maley, H. 1. Boenig, R. Mele, G. Coletta, and M. Nassi

FEM Analysis of AC Losses in Multifilamentary HTS Tapes with Various Twist Pi tch and Matrix Conducti vi ty ..................................................................................... 631

N. Amemiya and N. Banno

Mechanical Properties of Ag/Bi2223 Composite Superconductors ........................................ 639 K. Osamura, M. Sugano, T. Wada, and S. Ochiai

Mechanical Properties of Ag- and AgMg-Sheathed Bi2Sr2CaCu20x Tapes for High Field Insert Magnets ........................................................................................... 647

Y. Viouchkov, H. W. Weijers, Q. Y. Hu, Y. Hascicek, and 1. Schwartz

Improvement of the Irreversible Properties b'y Neutron Induced Defects in Melt Textured RE-123 Superconductors .............................................................................. 655

M. Eisterer, H. W. Weber, P. Schatzle, G. Krabbes, N. Chikumoto, M. Muralidhar, M. Murakami, R. Weinstein, R. Sawh, and Y. Ren

The Effect of Magnetic Field Distribution on the Levitation Force of Single-Domain YBCO Bulk Superconductor ......................................................................... 663

W. M. Yang, L. Zhou, F. Yong, P. X. Zhang, 1. R. Wang, C. P. Zhang, X. D. Tang, Z. M. Yu, and X. Z. Wu

Transport Properties Affected by Praseodymium Diffusion in Two-Phase Composite YBaCuO-PrBaCuO ................................................................................... 669

K. Yoshida, E. Kojima, and T. Harada

Effect of Structural Oxygen Disorder on the Microwave Surface Resistance of Single Domain YBCO ..................................................... , ........................................... 677

D. Qu, D. Shi, A. Ferendeci, D. Mast, H. A. Blackstead, and I. Maartense

Critical Current Densities in Bi-2223 Sinter Forgings ............................................................ 685 B. L. Fisher, K. C. Goretta, N. C. Harris, U. Balachandran, and N. Murayama

Mechnical Strength of Fiber Added HTS Bulk ....................................................................... 691 K. Matsunaga, A. Nishimura, S. Satoh, and O. Motojima

Irreversibility Field and Apparent Pinning Potential in Superconducting Bi-2212 Single Crystal ............................................................................................................... 699

T. Matsushita, E. S. Otabe, T. Hirano, H. Mori, Y. Nakayama, J. Shimoyama, and K. Kishio

Effect of MgO Ultrafine Particles on Flux Pinning and Its Mechanism in Bi-2212 Bulk .............................................................................................................................. 707

B. Ni and Y. Tomishige

xi

Effect of Silver Interface on the Fonnation and Stability of HgPb 1223 Superconductors ........................................................................................................... 715

P. V. P. S. S. Sastry, Y. Li, 1. Su, K. W. Hamill, M. Chatard, and 1. Schwartz

AC Loss in Bi-2223 Superconducting Tapes in Alternating Magnetic Field .......................... 723 M. P. Oomen,1. Rieger, M. Leghissa, J. J. Rabbers, and B. ten Haken

AC Transport Current Loss of HTS Tape in a Multi-Tape Arrangement.. .............................. 731 S. Ishii, I. Okazaki, and O. Tsukamoto

Power Loss in AglBi-2223 Tape Due to AC Transport Current and AC External Magnetic Field ............................................................................................................. 739

M. Ciszek, O. Tsukamoto, N, Amemiya, D. Miyagi, J. Ogawa, M. Ueyama, and K. Hayashi

Effect of Critical Current Density Distribution on AC Transport Current ofHTS Wire .............................................................................................................................. 747

D. Miyagi, J. Ogawa, O. Tsukamoto, N. Amemiya, O. Kasuu, H. Ii, K. Takeda, and M. Shibuya

Influence ofIrradiation on the Superconducting Properties of Uranium Doped Bi2SQCa2Cu30x Tapes ............................................................................................... 755

S. Tonies, C. Klein, H. W. Weber, B. Zeimetz, Y. C. Gou, S. X. Dou, R. Sawh, Y. Ren, and R. Weinstein

Effect ofU-Doping Level on Flux Pinning and Radioactivity in Silver-Clad Bi-2223 Tapes Using Thennal Neutron Irradiation ..................................................... 761

S. X. Dou, Y. C. Guo, D. Marinaro, 1. W. Boldeman, 1. Horvat, P. Yao, R. Wei stein, A. Gandni, R. Sawh, and Y. Ren,

Current Distribution and Enhancement of the Engineering Critical Current Density in Multifilament Bi-2223 Tapes ..................................................................... 769

W. G. Wang, M. B. Jensen, B. Kindl, Y.-L. Liu, and P. Vase

Microstructure Dependence of Transport Characteristics of AgIBi2223 Tapes under Applying DC and AC Currents .......................................................................... 777

T. Horita, K. Osamura, N. Takeda, K. Ogawa, H. Tsurumaru, and A. Sakai

Properties of Low Thennal Loss Multifilamentary BSCCO(2223) Tapes with AgMgI AgAu Sheath for Current Leads ....................................................................... 785

W. Goldacker, R. Nast, J. Krelaus, R. Heller, and M. Tasca

Inhomogeneous Transport Critical Current Reduction in Bi-22l2/ Ag Monocore Tapes Due to Room Temperature Bending .................................................................. 793

M. Polak, A. A. Polyanskii, W. Zhang, E. E. Hellstrom, and D. C. Larbalestier

Comparison of AglBi-2223 Tapes Processed With and Without Hot-Pressing and Post-Annealing ............................................................................................................. 80 1

H. K. Liu, A. Polyanskii, R. Zeng, P. Yao, V. Rouessac, and S. X. Dou

Sweep Rate Dependence of Magnetic Hysteresis Curves in High-Te Superconductors with Peak Effect ............................................................................... 809

T. Sueyoshi, T. Fujiyoshi, K. Miyahara, and S. Awaji

The "Fishtail" Feature after Well Defined Changes in the Defect Structure of 123-Superconductors ................................................................................................... 817

F. M. Sauerzopf, M. Werner, H. Forster, and H. W. Weber

xii

High Temperature Superconductors: Applications

AC Losses in Advanced HTS Prototype Conductors for Superconducting Power Transmission Lines ...................................................................................................... 825

D. E. Daney, J. O. Willis, M. P. Maley, H. J. Boenig, R. Mele, G. Coletta, and M. Nassi

Decrease of AC Losses in High Tc Superconducting Tapes by Application of a DC Current ................................................................................................................... 831

B. des Ligneris, M. Aubin, J. Cave, W. Zhu, and P. Dolez

AC Losses in Magnets Wound from HTS Tape Conductors ................................................... 839 J. R. T. Lehtonen, J. A. J. Paasi, A. K. Korpela, J. Pitel, and P. Kovac

Development of Large Current Carrying Bi-2212 Tapes and Wires ....................................... 847 H. Kumakura, H. Kitaguchi, H. Miao, K. Togano, T. Koizumi, T. Hasegawa,

K. Ohata, J. Sato, K. Tanaka, and M. Okada

Evaluation of Super conducting Joint Resistance Between the Silver Sheathed Bi-2212 Multi-Filamentary Round Wires at Elevated Temperatures .......................... 857

R. Ogawa, T. Ohgaki, S. Sairote, N. Goto, T. Hase, S. Hayashi, and M. Shimada

Heat Treatment of AgMg- and Ag-Sheathed Bi2SQCaCu20x Tapes for a 3T Insert Magnet ............................................................................................................... 863

Q. Y. Hu and J. Schwartz

Long Length Manufacturing ofBSCCO-2223 Wire for Motor and Cable Applications ................................................................................................................. 871

L. Masur, E. Podtburg, D. Buczek, W. Carter, D. Daly, U. Kosasih, S-J. Loong, K. Manwiller, D. Parker, P. Miles, M. Tanner, and J. Scudiere

High Temperature Superconductors: Coated Conductors

Demonstration of High Current Density YBCO Coated Conductors on Re203-Buffered Ni Substrates with Two New Alternative Architectures ............................... 879

M. Paranthaman, R. Feenstra, D. F. Lee, D. B. Beach, J. S. Morrell, T. G. Chirayil, A. Goyal, X. Cui, D. T. Verebelyi, J. E. Mathis, P. M. Martin,

D. P. Norton, E. D. Specht, D. K. Christen, and D. M. Kroeger

Application of Melt Texturing to HTS Conductors ................................................................. 887 S. P. Athur, U. Balachandran, and K. Salama

Non-Vacuum, Sol-Gel Buffer Layers for YBCO Surface Coated Conductors ....................... 895 E. Celik, E. Avci, H. 1. Mutlu, and Y. S. Hascicek

YBa2Cu307 on Sputter Deposited Zr02 Buffered (100) Si-Processing and Characterization ........................................................................................................... 901

T. Khan, P. Brown, Yu. Vlasov, A. Lacambra, G. L. Larkins, Jr., P. Stampe, and R. Kennedy

Development of C-Axis Textured YBCO on Unoriented Metallic Substrate ......................... 907 X. Wen, D. Qu, and D. Shi

Low Temperature Superconductors: NbTi

High Field Performance of Conventionally Processed Niobium-Titanium Conductors Containing Artificially-Introduced Niobium Pinning Sites ..................... 915

M. K. Rudziak and T. Wong

xiii

Metallurgy of the Nb-Ti-Ta Ternary Superconducting System ............................................... 923 W. H. Warnes and L. Na

Electric Characteristics of Contact Junctions Between Superconductors ................................ 931 M. Takayasu and J. V. Minervini

Multifilamentary Wires Based on Binary NbTi and Ternary NbTiTa Alloys ......................... 939 L. V. Potanina, G. P. Vedernikov, A. K. Shikov, V. Yu. Korpusov,

S. V. Scherbakov, S. 1. Novikov, and M. S. Novikov

Electrical Resistance Oscillation Provoking by the Plastic Flow Instability in (Ti-Al-Zr-Nb) Alloy at 4.2 K ....................................................................................... 947

M. E. Bosin, F. F. Lavrentev, and V. N. Nikiforenko

Low Temperature Superconductors: A-1S Compounds

Quench Behavior ofNb3Sn Wires in a Cryocooled Superconducting Magnet ....................... 951 K. Watanabe, S. Awaji, M. Motokawa, T. Kaneko, T. Seto, S. Murase,

S. Shimamoto, and T. Saito

Evolutions of Grains during the Heat Treatments ofInternal-Tin Nb3Sn ............................... 959 R. Taillard and A. Ustinov

High-Field Pinning Properties in Ohmically-Heated Nb3Al Tape Superconductors ........................................................................................................... 96 7

N. Harada, H. Taira, K. Osaki, N. Tada, G. Iwaki, and K. Watanabe

Trial to Incorporate Cu Stabilizer in Rapid-Quenching Processed Nb3Al Wires .................... 975 K. Tagawa, T. Takeuchi, T. Kiyoshi, K. Hoh, H. Wada, and K. Nakagawa

High Strength (Nb,TihSn Superconducting Wire Reinforced by Nb/Cu Composite .................................................................................................................... 981

G. Iwaki, M. Kimura, H. Moriai, K. Asano, K. Watanabe, and M. Motokawa

Internal-Tin Nb3Sn Superconductors Designed for Fusion Application ................................. 989 V. I. Pantsymyi, A. D. Nikulin, A. K. Shikov, A. E. Vorobieva, S. V. Soudiev,

G. P. Vedernikov, E. 1. Plashkin, and E. V. Nikulenkov

Fabrication and Processing ofNb3Al Precursor Strands ......................................................... 995 E. Gregory and A. R. Austen

Positive Field and Temperature Dependencies of Critical Current Density in V 3Ga and Nb3AI .......................................................................................................... 1 003

T. Takeuchi, K. Itoh, K. Tagawa, N. Banno, M. Kosuge, M. Yuyama, F. Matsumoto, and H. Wada

Progress in the Pilot-Scale Production of High-Temperature-Processed Nb3Al Strand ......... 1011 F. Buta, M. D. Sumption, M. Tomsic, and E. W. Collings

Magnetisation ofNb3Sn Wires using a Hall Probe and an Inductive Measurement Technique ..................................................................................................................... 1019

M. Foit!, L. Jansak, A. Kaszt!er, H. Kirchmayr, I. Kral, L. Krempasky, J. Kvitkovic, and M. Polak

New High-Field Nb3Sn Superconductors with Ta Substitution for Nb ................................... 1027 K. Tachikawa, T. Yokoyama, T. Kato, and H. Matsumoto

xiv

Low Temperature Superconductors: AC Losses, Stability, and Current Distribution

Applicability of a "Simple Electromagnetic Method" to AC Loss Measurements in More General Electromagnetic Configurations ....................................................... 1035

K. Kajikawa, H. Shiraishi, A. Takenaka, M. Iwakuma, and K. Funaki

Low Temperature Superconducting Cables

Coupling Current Control in Stabrite-Coated NbTi Rutherford Cables by Varying the Width of a Stainless Steel Core .............................................................................. 1 043

M. D. Sumption, E. W. Collings, A. Nijhuis, and R. M. Scanlan

Effect of Actual Cabling Pattern on the Critical Current of Multistage CIC .......................... .1051 T. Schild, D. Ciazynski, and S. Court

Modeling of the Induced Loop Current in CICC (Cable-In-Conduit Conductor) Superconducting Magnet ............................................................................................. 1059

S. Jeong, S. Kim, and T. K. Ko

Influence of Multistrand Superconducting Cable's Design on Its Stability ........................... .1067 V. S. Vysotsky, K. Funaki, Yu. A. Ilyin, K. Kajikawa, M. Iwakuma,

M. Takeo, and T. Kumano

AC Loss and Current Distribution Characteristics of Co-Axial Multi-Layer Cable Conductor ..................................................................................................................... 1 075

S. Fukui, T. Hirasawa, M. Yamaguchi, T. Satoh, and T. Takao

Surface Oxidation and Interstrand Contact Resistance ofCr-Coated Nb3Sn and Bare NbTi Strands in CCIC's ...................................................................................... 1083

A. Nijhuis and H. H. J. ten Kate

Study of Strand Critical Current Degradation in a Rutherford Type Nb3Sn Cable ................ .l091 E. Barzi, C. Boffo, D. R. Chichili, J. P. Ozelis, R. M. Scanlan, H. C. Higley

and A. V. Zlobin

Indexes

Author Index ............................................................................................................................ 1099

Materials Index ........................................................................................................................ 11 03

Subject Index ........................................................................................................................... 1105

xv

PREFACE

The 1999 Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from July 12th to July 16th. The joint conference theme was "Cryogenics into the Next Millennium". The total conference attendance was 797 with participation from 28 countries.

As with previous joint CEC and ICMC Conferences, the participants were able to benefit from the joint conference's coverage of cryogenic applications and materials and their interactions. The conference format of plenary, oral and poster presentations, and an extensive commercial exhibit, the largest in CEC-ICMC history, aimed to promote this synergy. The addition of short courses, workshops, and a discussion meeting enabled participants to focus on some of their specialties. The technical tour, organized by Suzanne Gendron, was of Hydro-Quebec's research institute laboratories near Montreal. In keeping with the conference venue the entertainment theme was Jazz, culminating in .the performance of Vic Vogel and his Jazz Big Band at the conference banquet.

This 1999 ICMC Conference was chaired by Julian Cave of IREQ - Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, and the Program Chair and Vice-Chair were Michael Green of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Balu Balachandran of the Argonne National Laboratory respectively. We especially appreciate the contributions of both the CEC and ICMC Boards and the conference managers, Centennial Conferences, under the supervision of Paula Pair and Kim Bass, in making this conference a success.

The ICMC plenary sessions were on Superconductivity - the first, on the Fundamental Factors that Determine the Specifications of Superconductors for Power Engineering Applications was presented by Professor Jan Evetts of the University of Cambridge, UK. The second, on High Voltage in Superconducting Power Equipment -Prospects and Limits was given by Professor Juergen Gerhold of the Technical University of Graz, Austria. Addressing these topics was timely in view of the increasing effort that is being made worldwide to advance the uses of superconductivity in power engineering and utility applications. Many of the technical papers - on materials, applications and economics, also reflected this tendency in addition to an extensive coverage of both low and high temperature superconductivity and cryogenic materials and testing.

The joint CEC-ICMC Conferences are held biennially, the next conference will be held in 2001 in Madison, Wisconsin with Eric Hellstrom of the University of Wisconsin as ICMC Chairman. In June 2000 the ICMC Conference, chaired by Roberto Nicolsky of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, will be dedicated to the special topic of Superconductors for Applications, Materials Properties and Devices.

We thank all those concerned with the publications procedure, and especially Vicky Bardos for her work in preparing this volume for you in a timely fashion.

Julian Cave Conference Chairman

XVll

EDITORIAL

Since 1954 Advances in Cryogenic Engineering has been the archival publication of papers presented at the biennial CECIICMC conferences. The publication includes invited, unsolicited, and government sponsored research papers in the research areas of superconductors and structural materials for cryogenic applications. All of the papers published must (1) be presented at the conference, (2) pass the review process, and (3) report previously unpublished theoretical studies, reviews, or measurements of material properties at low temperatures.

Two or more specialists review each paper and assess its value to the scientific community, and correctness in presentation. Reviewers return their comments to the appropriate technical editor who decides whether to accept, reject or return the manuscript to the author for revision. Only on the positive recommendation of two reviewers is the paper accepted. If one review is positive and one is negative, a third independent review is solicited. Authors must make changes deemed mandatory by the reviewers. To ensure objectivity, the names of the reviewers are withheld from the author, and from each other.

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering resides throughout the world in the libraries of most institutions that conduct research and development in cryogenic engineering and applied superconductivity.

Nearly two hundred contributed and invited talks covering all aspects of cryogenic materials research were presented at the 1999 ICMC; 141 papers are published in this volume. The Technical Editors for this publication are Balu Balachandra: HTS Materials & Conductors, Donald Gubser: LTS Materials & Conductors, and Ted Hartwig: Structural Materials & Composites. I would like to extend my appreciation to Melinda Adams of the University of Wisconsin for her assistance in the conference Publications Office. On behalf of the Technical Editors and myself, I would like to thank Marilyn Stieg for the skillful rewriting of several papers, which for an assortment of reasons could not be corrected by the authors.

The next CECIICMC joint conference (held biennially) will be held in Madison, Wisconsin, on July 16-20, 2001. Eric Hellstrom (University of Wisconsin) will be the ICMC Chairman, and Robert Witt (University of Wisconsin) will be the CEC Chairman.

Victoria A. Bardos Managing Editor

xix

BEST PAPER A WARDS

Awards for the best papers of the 1997 ICMC Proceedings, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering-Materials, Volume 44, were presented at the 1999 conference. From those

nominated by the editors, the Awards Committee selected one paper from each of three categories: Low Temperature Superconductors, High Temperature Superconductors and

Structural Materials. In addition, the Program Committee selected two meritorious papers from the 1999 Conference representing the work of students. With pleasure we acknowledge these authors for their exemplary contributions.

BEST PAPERS - VOLUME 44

A New Technique to Fabricate Multifilament Nb3Sn

Superconductor using Cabled Monocore Subelements D. Yu, K. DeMoranville, M. Takayasu, and T. Wong

Supercon, Inc. Shrewsbury, MA, USA

Studies of the Bi(2223) Phase Formation Mechanism in Pb Substituted and Pb-Free Bulk Samples and in Ag-Sheathed Tapes

R. FIOkiger, lC. Grivel, G. Grasso, and D. Grindatto University of Geneva Geneve, Switzerland

Optimization Studies on Ag-Cu High Strength Conductors F. Heringhaus, S.O. Prestemon, G. Gottstein, and H-l Schneider-Muntau

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA

STUDENT MERITORIOUS PAPER - VOLUME 46

Magnetothennal Properties of DYS(Six Gel - J4 Alloys V. V. I vtchenko, V. K. Pecharsky, and K. A. Gschneidner, Jr.

Iowa State University/AMES Laboratory Ames, Iowa, USA

Viscoelastic Behaviour of Unidirectional Fiber Composites at Low Temperatures

Z. Zhang and G. Hartwig University oj Sciences and Technology ojChina

Department oj Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering Hejei, Anhu1230026, PRC

xxi

International Cryogenic Materials Conference

1999 BOARD OF DIRECTORS

U. Balu Balachandran Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois, USA

Julian Cave IREQ Hydro-Quebec Varennes, QUE, Canada

Alan F. Clark National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, Colorado, USA

Edward Collings Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio, USA

Lance Cooley University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin, USA

David Evans Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton, Oxon, England

Herbert C. Freyhardt University of Gottingen Gottingen, Germany

Donald Gubser Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC, USA

Gunther Hartwig Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Karlsrnhe, Germany

K. Theodore Hartwig Texas A&M University College Station, Texas, USA

Michael Green Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California, USA

Eric E. Hellstrom University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin, USA

Yi-YiLi Institute of Metal Research Shenyang, People's Republic of China

Hiroshi Maeda Tohoku University Katahira, Sendia, Japan

Roberto Nicokky Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Xavier Obradors ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra, Spain

Toichi Okada Osaka University lbaraki, Osaka, Japan

Richard P. Reed Cryogenic Materials, Inc Boulder, Colorado, USA

K. Tachikawa Tokai University Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Herman 1. H. ten Kate University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands

xxiii

Harald W. Weber Atominstitut der Oester. Univ Vienna, Austria

Konstantin A. Yushchenko E.O. Paton Welding Institute Kiev, Ukraine

xxiv

LianZhou National Institute for NonFerrous Metals Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peoples Republic of China