ADVANCES in COMMUNICATIONS

Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on

COMMUNICATIONS (part of the 2007 CSCC Multiconference)

Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 26-28, 2007

ADVANCES in COMMUNICATIONS Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on COMMUNICATIONS Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 26-28, 2007 Published by World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press http://www.wseas.org Copyright © 2007, by WSEAS Press

All the copyright of the present book belongs to the World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Editor of World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All papers of the present volume were peer reviewed by two independent reviewers. Acceptance was granted when both reviewers' recommendations were positive. See also: http://www.worldses.org/review/index.html

ISSN: 1790-5117 ISBN: 978-960-8457-91-1

World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society

EDITORS: Professor N. E. Mastorakis, Hellenic Naval Academy, GREECE Professor S. Kartalopoulos, The University of Oklahoma, USA Professor D. Simian, ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, ROMANIA Professor A. Varonides, University of Scranton, USA Professor V. Mladenov, Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIA Professor Z. Bojkovic, University of Belgrade, SERBIA Professor E. Antonidakis, TEI of Crete, GREECE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: Irwin W. Sandberg, USA Asad A. Abidi, USA Andreas Antoniou, USA Antonio Cantoni, AUSTRALIA Lotfi Zadeh, USA George Szentirmai, USA Michael Peter Kennedy, IRELAND Paresh C. Sen, CANADA Michel Gevers, BELGIUM James S. Thorp, USA Armen H. Zemanian, USA Guanrong Chen, HONG KONG Edgar Sanchez-Sinencio, USA Jim C. Bezdek, USA A. J. van der Schaft, THE NETHERLANDS Istvan Nagy, Hungary Wasfy B. Mikhael, USA M. N. S. Swamy, CANADA M. Araki, JAPAN Abbas El Gamal, USA Franco Maloberti, Italy Alan N. Willson Jr., USA Yoji Kajitani, JAPAN Mohammed Ismail, USA Kemin Zhou, USA Ruey-Wen Liu, USA Nabil H. Farhat, USA John I. Sewell, UNITED KINGDOM Jerry M. Mendel, USA Magdy A. Bayoumi, USA Bertram E. Shi, HONG KONG M. Omair Ahmad, CANADA N. K. Bose, USA Igor Lemberski, LATVIA Alfred Fettweis, GERMANY Brockway McMillan, USA H. J. Orchard, USA Jacob Katzenelson, ISRAEL Vincent Poor, USA Abraham Kandel, USA Bor-Sen Chen, CHINA C. S. George Lee, USA Hamid R. Berenji, USA Kevin M. Passino, USA Lawrence O. Hall, USA Ronald R. Yager, USA Witold Pedrycz, CANADA Agoryaswami J. Paulraj, USA Ahmed H. Tewfik, USA Alan V. Oppenheim, USA

Alfonso Farina, ITALY Alfred O. Hero, USA Ali H. Sayed, USA Anders Lindquist, SWEDEN Arthur B. Baggeroer, USA Arye Nehorai, USA Benjamin Friedlander, USA Bernard C. Levy, USA Bhaskar D. Rao, USA Bin Yu, USA Boualem Boashash, AUSTRALIA Brian D. O. Anderson, AUSTRALIA Bruce A. Francis, CANADA C. Richard Johnson, USA C. Sidney Burrus, USA Charles M. Rader, USA Desmond P. Taylor, NEW ZEALAND Donald L. Duttweiler, USA Donald W. Tufts, USA Douglas L. Jones, USA Earl E. Swartzlander, USA Ed F. Deprettere, THE NETHERLANDS Edward A. Lee, USA Edward J. Powers, USA Ehud Weinstein, ISRAEL Eli Brookner, USA Ezio Biglieri, ITALY Faye Boudreaux-Bartels, USA Georgios B. Giannakis, USA Gonzalo R. Arce, USA H. Vincent Poor, USA Hagit Messer, ISRAEL John V. McCanny, UNITED KINGDOM Joos Vandewalle, BELGIUM Jose C. Principe, USA Jose M. F. Moura, USA K. J. Ray Liu, USA Kaushik Roy, USA Kenneth Rose, USA Keshab K. Parhi, USA Kon Max Wong, CANADA Kung Yao, USA Louis L. Scharf, USA Martin Vetterli, USA Mati Wax, USA Meir Feder, ISRAEL Michael C. Wicks, USA Michael D. Zoltowski, USA Michael T. Orchard, USA Michael Unser, SWITZERLAND

Miguel Angel Lagunas, SPAIN Moeness G. Amin, USA Mohamed Najim, FRANCE Neil J. Bershad, USA P. P. Vaidyanathan, USA Patrick Dewilde, THE NETHERLANDS Peter Willett, USA Petre Stoica, SWEDEN Phillip A. Regalia, FRANCE Pierre Duhamel, FRANCE Pierre Moulin, USA Pramod K. Varshney, USA Rabab Kreidieh Ward, CANADA Robert M. Gray, USA Rolf Unbehauen, GERMANY Ronald W. Schafer, USA Rui J. P. Figueiredo, USA Russell M. Mersereau, USA Sadaoki Furui, JAPAN Shun-Ichi Amari, JAPAN Simon Haykin, CANADA Soo-Chang Pei, CHINA Soura Dasgupta, USA Stefan L. Hahn, POLAND Steven Kay, USA Takao Hinamoto, JAPAN Takashi Matsumoto, JAPAN Tapio Saramaki, FINLAND Tariq S. Durrani, UNITED KINGDOM Thomas F. Quatieri, USA Thomas L. Marzetta, USA Thomas S. Huang, USA Thomas W. Parks, USA Uri Shaked, ISRAEL V. John Mathews, USA Vladimir Cuperman, USA William A. Pearlman, USA Wolfgang Fichtner, SWITZERLAND Wu-Sheng Lu, CANADA Yaakov Bar-Salom, USA Yingbo Hua, USA Yong Ching Lim, SINGAPORE Yoram Bresler, USA Zhi Ding, USA A. A. Goldenberg, CANADA Angel Rodriguez-Vasquez, SPAIN Erol Gelenbe, USA F. L. Lewis, USA Harry Wechsler, USA Howard C. Card, CANADA Lei Xu, P. R. CHINA Leon O. Chua, USA Marco Gori, ITALY Narasimhan Sundararajan, SINGAPORE Sankar K. Pal, INDIA Tamas Roska, USA A. Stephen Morse, USA Alberto Isidori, USA Ali Saberi, USA Andrew R. Teel, USA

Antonio Vicino, ITALY Anuradha M. Annaswamy, USA Benjamin Melamed, USA Bruce H. Krogh, USA David D. Yao, USA Donald Towsley, USA Eduardo D. Sontag, USA Edward J. Davison, CANADA G. George Yin, USA Giorgio Picci, ITALY Graham C. Goodwin, AUSTRALIA Han-Fu Chen, CHINA Harold J. Kushner, USA Hidenori Kimura, JAPAN Ian Postlethwaite, UNITED KINGDOM Ian R. Petersen, AUSTRALIA Jan C. Willems, THE NETHERLANDS Jim S. Freudenberg, USA Karl Johan Astrom, SWEDEN Lennart Ljung, SWEDEN M. Vidyasagar, INDIA Mark W. Spong, USA Matthew R. James, AUSTRALIA Munther A. Dahleh, USA P .R. Kumar, USA Peter E. Caines, CANADA Pramod P. Khargonekar, USA Richard T. Middleton, AUSTRALIA Roberto Tempo, Italy Roger W. Brockett, USA Romeo Ortega, FRANCE Shankar Sastry, USA Stephane Lafortune, USA Steven I. Marcus, USA T. E. Duncan, USA Tamer Basar, USA W. M. Wonham, CANADA Weibo Gong, USA Xi-Ren Cao, HONG KONG Yu-Chi Ho, UNITED KINGDOM George Antoniou, USA C. Manikopoulos, USA Ashraf Abdelbar, EGYPT Alain Abran, CANADA Akshai Aggarwal, CANADA Nestor thome, SPAIN, Jose Aguilar, VENEZUELA Maria Isabella Garcia-Planas, SPAIN Philippe Dondon, FRANCE Constantinos Angelis, GREECE Zahra Ahmadi Brooghani, IRAN Kostas Arvanitis, GREECE Ahmed Al Kindi, OMAN Mansoor Al-A'ali, BAHRAIN Munir Al-Absisi, SAUDI ARABIA Malik Alamaireh, JORDAN Muhammad Al-Gahtani, SAUDI ARABIA Nima Amanifard, IRAN Antonios Andreatos, GREECE Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc, SLOVENIA

Carlos Aviles-Cruz, MEXICO Jamil Ayoub, JORDAN Jose Azana, CANADA Ina Taralova, FRANCE Leila Baccouche, TUNISIA Ahmad Bagheri, IRAN Harold S. Stone, USA Harry L. Van Trees, USA Henrique S. Malvar, USA Hsueh-Ming Hang, CHINA Jaakko Astola, Finland James R. Zeidler, USA Jan P. Allebach, USA Jitendra K. Tugnait, USA John M. Cioffi, USA John R. Treichler, USA Olga Martin, ROMANIA Zvone Balantic, SLOVENIA Tudor Barbu, ROMANIA Cassia Baruque, BRAZIL Lucia Baruque, BRAZIL Shariq Bashir, PAKISTAN Daniel Batas, GERMANY Radu Ciprian Bilcu, FINLAND Stefan Bruda, CANADA Miodrag Bulatovic, YUGOSLAVIA Martin Burke, IRELAND Stefano Cacciaguerra, ITALY Miriam Capretz, CANADA Leonarda Carnimeo, ITALY Ram Chakka, INDIA Nitin Chanderwal,INDIA Ching lung Chang, TAIWAN Fengming Chang, TAIWAN Huay Chang, TAIWAN Yun Seok Chang, KOREA Athanasios Chassiakos, GREECE John Chatzakis, GREECE Alexander Chatzigeorgiou, GREECE Yung-Fu Chen, TAIWAN Yangjun Chen, CANADA Toly Chen, TAIWAN Ching-Han Chen, TAIWAN R.C. Chen, TAIWAN Chi-bin Cheng, TAIWAN Chaochang Chiu, TAIWAN Yoonsik Choe, KOREA Hyung Rim Choi, KOREA Shihchieh Chou, TAIWAN Hwang-cherng Chow, TAIWAN Slo-Li Chu, TAIWAN Shun-Ping Chung, TAIWAN Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, CANADA Hsu Chun-liang, TAIWAN Giovanni Costantini, ITALY Octavian Cret, ROMANIA Krzysztof Cyran, POLAND Jerzy Dabrowski, SWEDEN Adrian Sergiu Darabant, ROMANIA Bhaskar Dasgupta, INDIA

Paul Davidsson, SWEDEN Felippe De Souza, PORTUGAL Sonia Degeratu, ROMANIA Carlo dell'Aquila, ITALY Metin Demiralp, TURKEY Lawrence Deng, TAIWAN Paolo Di Giamberardino, ITALY Vincenzo Di Lecce, ITALY Anne-Marie Di Sciullo, CANADA Zeljko Djurovic, SERBIA Valentin Dogaru Ulieru, ROMANIA Tomas Dostal, CZECH REPUBLIC Maitreyee Dutta, INDIA Anastasios Economides, GREECE Karl Edelmoser, AUSTRIA Erki Eessaar, ESTONIA Karim El Guemhioui, CANADA Hamed Elsimary, EGYPT Ehsan Esfandiary, IRAN Mehrez Essafi, TUNISIA Tchier Fairouz, SAUDI ARABIA Qi Feng, CHINA Hans Fernlund, USA Marta Fernandez, SPAIN Andreas Floros, GREECE Franco Frattolillo, ITALY Juan Frausto-Solis, MEXICO Richard Gallery, IRELAND Gao Gang-yi, CHINA Georgia Garani, GREECE Gloria Garcia, SPAIN Christos Georgiadis, GREECE Ahmad Ghanbari, IRAN Baluta Gheorghe, ROMANIA Ryszard Golanski, POLAND Alexander Grebennikov, MEXICO Andrea Guerriero, ITALY Oscar Gustafsson, SWEDEN Ofer Hadar, ISRAEL James Haralambides, USA Suhono Harso Supangkat, INDONESIA Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu, BANGLADESH Iraj Hassanzadeh, IRAN Mohsen Hayati, IRAN Maria Ines Herrero Platero, SPAIN Tzung-Pei Hong, TAIWAN Kuo-Hung Hou, TAIWAN Michel Houtermans, THE NETHERLANDS Chung-Yuan Huang, TAIWAN Zhou Huiwei, CHINA Ren-junn Hwang, TAIWAN Giuseppe Iazeolla, ITALY Mohamed Ibrahim, EGYPT Hirotaka Inoue, JAPAN Naohiro Ishii, JAPAN Yousuf Mahbubul Islam, BANGLADESH Juri Jatskevich, CANADA Cheng-chang Jeng, TAIWAN Zhang Jilong, CHINA Chanintorn Jittawiriyanukoon, THAILAND

HJ Kadim ,UNITED KINGDOM Rihard Karba, SLOVENIA Stephen Karungaru, JAPAN Theodore Kaskalis, GREECE Victor Kasyanov, RUSSIA Osamu Kata,i JAPAN Demetrios Kazakos, USA Vladimir Kazakov, MEXICO Ahad Kazemi, IRAN Evangelos Kehris, GREECE Mohamad Khaldi, LEBANON George Kliros, GREECE Peter Kokol, SLOVENIA Samad Kolahi,NEW ZEALAND Stavros Konstantinidis, CANADA Karamanos Konstantinos, BELGIUM Chorng-shiuh Koong, TAIWAN Guennadi Kouzaev, NORWAY Aphrodite Ktena, GREECE Deniss Kumlander, ESTONIA Cheng-chien Kuo, TAIWAN Ioannis Kyprianidis, GREECE Dan Lascu, ROMANIA Mihaela Lascu, ROMANIA Ljubomir Lazic, YUGOSLAVIA Minh Hung Le, AUSTRALIA Shih-kai Lee, TAIWAN Dong-liang Lee, TAIWAN Seongkee Lee, KOREA Ioannis Gonos, GREECE Yong Woo Lee, KOREA Huey-Ming Lee, TAIWAN Somchai Lekcharoen, THAILAND Vrasidas Leopoulos, GREECE Stephen C. H. Leung, HONG KONG S.A.R. Sheng-Tun Li, TAIWAN Chunshien Li, TAIWAN Ying Li, TAIWAN Ioannis Stathopulos, GREECE Yiming Li, TAIWAN, Wen-Yew Liang, TAIWAN Ioan Lie, ROMANIA S. S. Lin, TAIWAN Wilfred Lin, HONG KONG S.A.R. Lily Lin, TAIWAN Nikos Bardis, GREECE Hongbo Liu, CHINA Ismael Lopez-Juarez, MEXICO Ye Lu, CHINA Xiaolin Lu, CHINA Dan Macodiyo, JAPAN Zaigham Mahmood, UNITED KINGDOM Bang-on Makdee, THAILAND Mrinal Manda,l CANADA Athanassios Manikas, UNITED KINGDOM Umar Manzoor, PAKISTAN Marius Marcu, ROMANIA Ioannis Mavridis, GREECE Yulin Mei, CHINA Elisabeth Metais, FRANCE

Liying Mi, JAPAN Angelos Michalas, GREECE Hannah Michalska, CANADA Wasfy Mikhael, USA Manki Min, USA Huang Minhuan, CHINA Mihai Mitrea, FRANCE Payman Moallem, IRAN Nermin Mohamed, EGYPT Bouhdai Mohamed, MOROCCO Farah Mohammadi, CANADA S. Amirhassan Monadjemi, IRAN Bartolomeo Montrucchio, ITALY Eduardo Mosqueira-rey, SPAIN FRANCEsco Muzi, ITALY Ibtissem Nafkha, TUNISIA Benedek Nagy, HUNGARY Sang-Won Nam, KOREA Hamed Nassar, EGYPT Pavel Nevriva, CZECH REPUBLIC Cat Ho Nguyen, VIETNAM Elena Niculescu, ROMANIA Vincenzo Niola, ITALY Javad Nourinia, IRAN Juan Jesus Ocampo-Hidalgo, MEXICO Koji Ohashi, JAPAN Roland Olsson, NORWAY Igor Ozimek, SLOVENIA Antonio Pacheco, PORTUGAL Zeljko Panian, CROATIA Eunkwang Park ,SINGAPORE Jin Park, USA Federico Perez, SPAIN Anna Perez, VENEZUELA Sakthivel Periyasamy, INDIA Pisit Phokharatkul, THAILAND Olivier Ponsini, FRANCE Mircea Popa, ROMANIA Dan Popescu, ROMANIA Mihaela Popescu, ROMANIA Nenad Popovich NEW ZEALAND Serafim Poriazis, GREECE Ali Pouyan, IRAN Marius Preda, FRANCE Kostas Psannis, GREECE Sorapak Pukdesri, THAILAND Ioannis Stephanakis, GREECE Mohammadreza Rafiei, IRAN Dejan Rancic, YUGOSLAVIA Nicolas Ratier, FRANCE Rabin Raut, CANADA Fuji Ren, JAPAN Dimitrios Rigas, UNITED KINGDOM Addison Rios-Bolivar, VENEZUELA Francklin Rivas, VENEZUELA Mercedes Ruiz, SPAIN Jean Saade, LEBANON Raafat Saade, CANADA Mohammad Ali Sadrnia, IRAN Ma Sadrnia, IRAN

Iwata Sakagami, JAPAN Bouhouche Salah, ALGERIA Enrique San Millan, SPAIN Usiel Sandler, ISRAEL Oscar SanJuan, SPAIN Michael Schwarz, GERMANY Milos Seda, CZECH REPUBLIC Tsang-Ling Sheu, TAIWAN Chao-Cheng Shih, TAIWAN Khalil Shihab, OMAN YUE Shihong, CHINA JeongYon Shim, KOREA Young-chul Shim, KOREA Jungpil Shin, JAPAN Vairis Shtrauss, LATVIA Carmen Simion, ROMANIA Dharmender Singh Kushwaha, INDIA Efstratios Skafidas, AUSTRALIA Suripon Somkuarnpanit, THAILAND Hua Song, CHINA Arnd Steinmetz, GERMANY Rodica Stoian, ROMANIA Mu-Chun Su, TAIWAN Pushpa Suri, INDIA Miroslav Svitek, CZECH REPUBLIC Feruglio Sylvain, FRANCE Sabin Tabirca, IRELAND Razvan Tanasie, ROMANIA Shaohua Tang, CHINA Wang Tao, CHINA Stanislaw Tarasiewicz, CANADA Domenico Tegolo, ITALY Kah leng Ter, SINGAPORE Spyros Tragoudas, USA Issa Traore, CANADA Tsung-Han Tsai, TAIWAN Ruey-Chyn Tsaur, TAIWAN Shian-Shyong Tseng, TAIWAN John Tsiligaridis, USA Kazuhiko Tsuda, JAPAN Hassan Ugail, UNITED KINGDOM George Vachtsevanos, USA Hans Vandierendonck, BELGIUM

Ioannis Vardiambasis, GREECE Francisco Vasques, PORTUGAL Andreas Veglis, GREECE Carlos Velez, COLOMBIA Fernando Vidal, SPAIN Aristidis Vlachos, GREECE Luige Vladareanu, ROMANIA Mirela-Catrinel Voicu, ROMANIA Konstantinos Voudouris, GREECE Toshio Wakabayashi, JAPAN Shuming Wang, TAIWAN Yi-shun Wang, TAIWAN Ruye Wang, UNITED STATES Lin Wilfred, HONG KONG S.A.R. Kenneth K.Y. Wong, HONG KONG S.A.R. Lai Wuxing, CHINA Tianbing Xia, AUSTRALIA Weiwen Xu, FRANCE Koichi Yamada, JAPAN Kiyotaka Yamamura, JAPAN Thomas Yang, USA Hung-Jen Yang, TAIWAN Sheng-Yuan Yang, TAIWAN Kapseung Yang, KOREA Shun-Ren Yang, TAIWAN Hung-Jen Yang, TAIWAN Ping-Jer Yeh, TAIWAN Jyh-haw Yeh, UNITED STATES Hsu-Chun Yen, TAIWAN Eng-Thiam Yeoh, MALAYSIA Huifen Ying, CHINA Tetsuya Yoshida, JAPAN Enhai Yu, CHINA Jian Yu ,CHINA Eugen Zaharescu, ROMANIA Nadia Zanzouri, TUNISIA Daniel Zapico, SPAIN Malika Zazi, MOROCCO Wenyu Zhang, CHINA Hong Zheng, CHINA Hong Zhu, UNITED KINGDOM Stelios Zimeras, GREECE Blaz Zmazek, SLOVENIA

ADDITIONAL REVIEWERS: Alaa Fahmy, CANADA Shihua Liu, CHINA Anirban Mahanti, CANADA Prasit Jiyapanichkul, THAILAND Guennadi Kouzaev, NORWAY Valentina Balas, ROMANIA Javier Ramirez Perez De Inestrosa, SPAIN Brunonas Dekeris, LITHUANIA George K. Adam, GREECE Joy Iong- Zong Chen, TAIWAN

Jiri Misurec, CZECH REPUBLIC Marek Bykowski, POLAND Vairis Shtrauss, LATVIA Muhammad Arif Wahla, PAKISTAN Minh Hung Le, AUSTRALIA George Kliros, GREECE Jyri Rajamaki, FINLAND Dimitrios Ventzas, GREECE Radosveta Sokullu, TURKEY Srinivasa Krishna Srivatsa, INDIA

Preface The book you are currently holding contains the Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on COMMUNICATIONS (July 26-28, 2007), which is a part of the 11th WSEAS CSCC (Circuits, Systems, Communications, Computers) Multiconference, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 23-28, 2007. The rapidly increasing demands on a greater distribution of information require from the communication engineer to design fast, effective, reliable and backwards compatible telecommunication systems. We live in a world where the idea of quick and immediate access to anything from anywhere is dominant. This is the exact notion that the modern telecommunication engineer must serve. The CSCC conference is organized annually by the World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS) in collaboration with important university laboratories, academies and research centers. In 2007 the CSCC international multiconference was organized by WSEAS in collaboration with IARAS (http://www.iaras.org) and the Computer Science Laboratory of Hellenic Naval Academy. Several other universities laboratories contributed with special sessions and plenary lectures as one can see below. In 2008 it will be organized by WSEAS and Universidade do Algarve in Algarve, Portugal (June 11-13, 2008). A variety of topics constituted the focus of paper submissions. Prominent lectures provided key-note speeches for the conference. Moreover, special sessions were organized, and invited lectures were given by well-known researchers. For this CSCC conference, the Chairmen of the International Scientific Committee were: Prof. Nikos E. Mastorakis, Hellenic Naval Academy, GREECE, Prof. Stamatios Kartalopoulos, University of Oklahoma, USA, Prof. Panos Pardalos, University of Florida, USA, Prof. Argyrios Varonides, University of Scranton, USA, Prof. Ioannis Pountourakis, National Technical University of Athens, GREECE, Prof. Valeri Mladenov, Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIA, Prof. Zoran Bojkovic, Technical University of Belgrade, SERBIA, Prof. Emmanuel Antonidakis, Techn. Educational Institute of Crete, GREECE The Plenary Speeches of CSCC’07 were:

• A New Look at Convexity, Duality, and Optimization by Prof. Dimitri Bertsekas, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab. for Information and Decision Systems Cambridge, MA 02139, USA)

• Key Technologies in Next Generation Optical Networks by Prof. Leonid Kazovsky, Stanford University, USA

• Numerical and Parametrical Optimisation for the Simulation of a Turbulent Combustion Phenomenon in a Well-Stirred Reactor in Steady State Conditions

by Professor Vincenzo Niola, Department of Mechanical Engineering for Energetic, University of Naples "Federico II", ITALY

• Study of controllability of two-order singular systems under an algebraic

point of view by Prof. M. Isabel Garcia-Planas, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain

• System Identification with Quantized Observations by Prof. Le Yi Wang, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA

• Island hopping with Optical Wireless: deployment and security by Prof. Stamatios Kartalopoulos, University of Oklahoma, USA

• PEM Fuel Cells Using Neural Networks by Prof. Jose Carlos Quadrado, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Portugal

• Information Aggregation as one of the Pillars of Intelligent Systems by Prof. Imre J. Rudas, Institute of Intelligent Engineering Systems, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Hungary

• Non-Linear Symbolic Program Analysis for Increased Parallelization by Prof. Kleanthis Psarris, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, U.S.A.

• Novel Transform Domain Principal Component Analysis(PCA) Techniques and Some Applications : Facial and Automatic Target Recognition

by Prof. Wasfy B Mikhael, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA

• A Concurrent Modular Neural System for Pattern Recognition and its Applications in Biometrics and Satellite Imagery

by Prof. Victor-Emil Neagoe, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romania

We would like to thank all members of the organizing laboratories for their contribution to the organization of the conference.

The contents of this Book, together with the contents of 3 other books, are also published in the CD-ROM Proceedings of the Conference. Both will be sent to the WSEAS collaborating indices after the conference: www.worldses.org/indexes. In addition, the papers of this book are permanently available to all the scientific community via the WSEAS E-Library. Another additional feature of CSCC’07 was that the WSEAS society provided the participants with a username and password without an expiry date for on-line access in the WSEAS Conference proceedings (1996 -…). Expanded and enhanced versions of papers published in these conference proceedings are also going to be considered for possible publication in one of the WSEAS journals that participate in the major International Scientific Indices (Elsevier, Scopus, EI, Compendex, INSPEC, CSA .... see: www.worldses.org/indexes ) these papers must be of high-quality (break-through work) and a new round of a very strict review will

follow. (No additional fee will be required for the publication of the extended version in a journal).

We cordially thank all the people of WSEAS for their efforts to maintain the high scientific level of conferences, proceedings and journals.

The Editors

ADVANCES in COMMUNICATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Comparative Analysis of IEEE 802.1x Authentication Methods 1 Monis Akhlaq, Baber Aslam, Muzammil A. Khan, M. Noman Jafri A Solution to Spoofed PS-Poll Based Denial of Service Attacks in IEEE 802.11 WLANs 7 Zaffar I. Qureshi, Baber Aslam, Athar Mohsin, Yonus Javed A Generalized Function for Reputation Estimation 12 Javed I. Khan, Sajid S. Shaikh New ID-Based AAA Authentication System 18 Young-Bok Cho, Sang-Ho Lee Security: Important Issue in E-Commerce 23 Zahra Ahmadi-Brooghani Digital Image Watermarking by Spread Spectrum 29 Andreja Samcovic, Jan Turan Vulnerability Assessment and Security of Scalable and Bandwidth Elastic Next Generation PONs 33 Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, Di Jin Electronics and Optical Communique Bottlenecks by 2007 40 N. Khan, Z. Saleem, A. Wahid IMS in the Next Generation Network 45 Tatiana Kovacikova, Pavol Segec, Milan Kubina Enabling Interoperability Between Mobile IM and Different IM Applications Using Jabber 51 Mohd Hilmi Hasan, Zuraidah Sulaiman, Nazleeni Samiha Haron, Azlan Fazly Mustaza Multimedia SMS Reading in Mobile Phone 56 R. Talafova, G. Rozinaj, J. Cepko A Simple System Providing Location-Based Service on Urban Area 60 Kin-Yeung Wong, Yiu-Man Choi Tool Development for Post Processing Analysis of WCDMA Measurements 66 Evangelos A. Kokkinos, Emmanouil Michalodimitrakis, Theodosia Hohlidaki, Emilia Fotinopoulou, John Makris The Use of Space Diversity for UHF Digital TV Mobile Reception 71 G. L. Siqueira, J. F. B. Cavalcanti, F. S. Jardim, R. E. Piazza Evaluation of Information Transmission with Parallel Pilot Signal for Multipath Estimation Based on Kronecker Product with DFT

77

Toshiaki Imoto, Naoki Suehiro End-to-End Loss Probabilities in Different Internet-like Networks with a Given Average Hop Count 83 Maurizio Longo, Fabio Postiglione The Performance of HSDPA-HDR in Delay-Constrained Applications: Closed Form Expressions 89 Nizar Zorba, Ana I. Perez-Neira, Miguel A. Lagunas

Efficient Queuing Architecture for a Buffered Crossbar Switch 95 Michael S. Berger A New Approach for Scheduling in Cell-Based Routers 102 Grigoris Baklavas, Manos Roumeliotis Combining Aggregation and Scheduling using an iterative Maximal Weight Matching Switch Scheduler 108 Brian Bach Mortensen Design and Implementation of the Software Framework for Distributed Computing 115 Kin-Yeung Wong, Yin-Man Choi, Seng-Wa Lam Optimum Design of Broad-Beam Microstrip Reflectarray 121 Piyaporn Krachodnok, Rangsan Wongsan Enhanced Performance of Microstrip-fed Wide Slot Antenna using Periodic Gaps in Dielectric Substrate 127 S. Singh, R. K. Sarin Impedance Characteristics for Microstrip-fed Wide Slot Antenna using Volume Integral Equation Approach 130 R. K. Sarin, S. Singh Capacity of a UMTS System for Aeronautical Communications 135 Miguel Calvo Ramon, Ramon Martinez Rodriguez-Osorio, Bazil Taha Ahmed, Juan Jose Iglesias Jimenez Exposure Assessment in the Vicinity of 900 MHz GSM Base Station Antenna 139 Mimoza Ibrani, Luan Ahma, Enver Hamiti, Ruzhdi Sefa Ultrawideband Elliptical Microstrip Antenna Using Different Taper Lines for Feeding 144 Sami S. S. Abuhalima, Esmat A. F. Abdallah, Darwish A. E. Mohamed Novel Broadband Antenna Configuration for Wireless Communications Applications 150 Hala Elsadek, Dalia M. Nashaat Throughput Improvement of Optimal Turbo Coded V-BLAST Technique in MIMO-AM System 156 Kyunghwan Lee, Sangjin Ryoo, Kwangwook Choi, Insik Cho, Gillsang Yoon, Mingoo Kang, Intae Hwang, Cheolsung Kim

Performance Analysis of the Combined AMC-MIMO Systems using MCS Level Selection Technique 162 Sangjin Ryoo, Kwangwook Choi, Kyunghwan Lee, Insik Cho, Gilsang Yoon, Mingoo Kang, Intae Hwang, Cheolsung Kim

Intra/Inter Algorithm for B Frame Processing in H.264/AVC Encoder 167 Zoran Milicevic, Zoran Bojkovic Applying the Correlated Gamma Statistics in Channel Capacity Evaluation for Dual-branch MRC Diversity over Correlated-fading Channels

173

Joy Iong-Zong Chen, Chieh Wen Liou, Wen Sheng Tu Designing and Evaluation of an MC-DS-CDMA System with Dual-dimension Rake Receiver 178 Joy Iong-Zong Chen, Yen-Jung Su QCIF Image Transmission Quality Analysis over Different Modem Schemes 184 Mohamed Fourati, Lamia Chaari, Nouri Masmoudi, Lotfi Kamoun Candidate Spectral Estimation for Cognitive Radio 190 Miguel A. Rojas, Miguel A. Lagunas, Ana I. Perez Software Application for Hata-Okumura Model 198

Edgar Alejandro Andrade Gonzalez, Mario Reyes Ayala, Jose Alfredo Tirado Mendez, Tania Garrido Perez Intelligent Reminder System of Having Medicine for Chronic Patients 202 Hsu Chun-Liang YPOP Indoor Navigation and Service Information System for Public Environments 208 Julius Tuomisto, Jyri Rajamaki The System of Laser Inter-Satellite Communication 214 Marketa Smejkalova Mazalkova WCDMA Handover Optimization Guidelines 219 Sebastian Pons, Florentino Jimenez Performance for DSI Satellite System in Voice Applications 224 Mario Reyes-Ayala, Edgar Alejandro Andrade-Gonzalez,Jos Alfredo Tirado-M Ndez, Hildeberto Jard N-Aguilar Communication Scheme for Airport Service Vehicles Navigation 228 Tomas Zelinka, Miroslav Svitek A Method of Improving SCR for Millimeter Wave FM-CW Radar without Knowledge of Target and Clutter Statistics

235

Fumio Nishiyama, Hideo Murakami Yaw Phase Mode Attitude Control Using Z Wheel Modeling for LEO Microsatellite 243 A. M. Si Mohammed, M. Benyettou, A. Boudjemai, Y. Hashida, M. N. Sweeting Analytic Solution of Nadir Attitude Pointing for LEO Microsatellite 250 A. M. Si Mohammed, M. Benyettou, A. Boudjemai, Y. Hashida, M. N. Sweeting Using Adaptive Modulation in a LEO Satellite Communication System 255 L. Hadj Abderrahmane, M. Benyettou An Approximated Detection Method for Sequential Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks 260 Dmitry Kramarev, Insoo Koo, Kiseon Kim Reliability and Scalability of Wireless Kilavi Building Control Platform 266 Mikael Soini, Lauri Sydanheimo, Markku Kivikoski Channel Coding as a Cryptography Enhancer 273 Natasa Zivic, Christoph Ruland Bandwidth Optimization Control Protocol for 4G Wireless Mobile Internet 279 Mahmoud Al-Shawabkeh, Rosli Salleh, Xichun Li SC Diversity with Equal and Un-equal Gain Branches in Correlated-Weibull Fading Environments 285 Joy Iong-Zong Chen, Ying Chuan-Chen Data Fusion Algorithms in Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic Theory 291 Weilian Su, Theodoros C. Bougiouklis Dependable Data Aggregation on Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks 300 Yue-Shan Chang, Jiun-Hua Huang, Tong-Ying Juang Designing an S Band Receiver for LEO Applications 306 L. Hadj Abderrahmane, M. Benyettou, M. Sweeting, J. R. Cooksley, P. Garner Jointing UWB Techniques with Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum Systems in Fading Channels 313 Joy Iong-Zong Chen, Li-Jung Liu

Analysis of EEG Background Activity in Autism Disease Patients with Bispectrum and STFT Measure 318 A. Sheikhani, H. Behnam, M. R. Mohammadi, M. Noroozian UMTS Optimization based on the Minimization of the Detected Network Window 323 David Ortega Sicilia, A. Santiago Torres Lopez, Rafael Herradon Diez Design and Analysis of a TDMA Call Assignment Scheme for Cellular Networks 327 Hammed Nassar, Hassan Al-Mahdi A Low-Complexity PAR Reduction Method for WFMT System 334 Roman M. Vitenberg Performance Evaluation of BCH Correcting Codes on a Fading Channel using OFDM Modulation 340 A. Seddiki, A. Djebbari, J. M. Rouvaen, A. Taleb-Ahmed On the OFDM Systems Combining with Different Diversities over Selective Fading Channels 347 Joy Iong-Zong Chen, Sheng-Jie Lin A Novel Approach for Random Interleavers in IDMA System 353 Amina Jameel, Imtiaz Ahmad Khokhar, M. N. Jafri, Raja Iqbal, Ahmad Raza Multifunction Board Unit for Public Transport Vehicle 357 Ivo Herman, Milan Vajdik Reconfigurable Wireless Handset Realization Based on a Universal API 361 Babak D. Beheshti Improved Simulation System Performance for Wireless Communications using Efficient Multi-Threading Architectures

366

P. M. Papazoglou, D. A. Karras, R. C. Papademetriou A Cross-Layer Design for Efficient Video Transmission over Wireless Networks: Statistical QoS Optimisation

372

Zoran Bojkovic, Dragorad Milovanovic Requirements for a New Resource Reservation Model in Hybrid Access Wireless Network 377 Tudor Palade, Emanuel Puschita Multiple OVSF codes Assignment with Crowded Branch First Strategy in WCDMA Systems 383 Min-Xiou Chen A Solution for Equalization in Wireless Channel Communications 389 Marius-Cristian Niculescu IEEE 802.11 Wireless Network Simulator Using Verilog 393 Baber Aslam, Monis Akhlaq, Shoab A. Khan

Authors Index

Abdallah, E. A. F. 144 Ibrani, M. 139 Niculescu, M.-C. 389 Abderrahmane, L. H. 255, 306 Iglesias Jimenez, J. J. 135 Nishiyama, F. 235 Abuhalima, S. S. S. 144 Imoto, T. 77 Noroozian, M. 318 Aguilar, H. J. 224 Iqbal, R. 353 Palade, T. 377 Ahma, L. 139 Jafri, M. N. 1, 353 Papademetriou, R. C. 366 Ahmadi-Brooghani, Z. 23 Jameel, A. 353 Papazoglou, P. M. 366 Ahmed, B. T. 135 Jardim, F. S. 71 Perez-Neira, A. I. 89, 190 Akhlaq, M. 1, 393 Javed, Y. 7 Piazza, R. E. 71 Al-Mahdi, H. 327 Jimenez, F. 219 Pons, S. 219 Al-Shawabkeh, M. 279 Jin, D. 33 Postiglione, F. 83 Andrade Gonzalez, E. A. 198, 224 Juang, T.-Y. 300 Puschita, E. 377 Aslam, B. 1, 7, 393 Kamoun, L. 184 Qureshi, Z. I. 7 Baklavas, G. 102 Kang, M. 156, 162 Rajamaki, J. 208 Beheshti, B. D. 361 Karras, D. A. 366 Raza, A. 353 Behnam, H. 318 Kartalopoulos, S. V. 33 Reyes Ayala, M. 198, 224 Benyettou, M. 243, 250 Khan, J. I. 12 Rodriguez-Osorio, R. M. 135 255, 306 Khan, M. A. 1 Rojas, M. A. 190 Berger, M. S. 95 Khan, N. 40 Roumeliotis, M. 102 Bojkovic, Z. 167, 372 Khan, S. A. 393 Rouvaen, J. M. 340 Boudjemai, A. 243, 250 Khokhar, I. A. 353 Rozinaj, G. 56 Bougiouklis, T. C. 291 Kim, C. 156, 162 Ruland, C. 273 Calvo Ramon, M. 135 Kim, K. 260 Ryoo, S. 156, 162 Cavalcanti, J. F. B. 71 Kivikoski, M. 266 Saleem, Z. 40 Cepko, J. 56 Kokkinos, E. A. 66 Salleh, R. 279 Chaari, L. 184 Koo, I. 260 Samcovic, A. 29 Chang, Y.-S. 300 Kovacikova, T. 45 Sarin, R. K. 127, 130 Chen, J. I.-Z. 173, 178, 285 Krachodnok, P. 121 Seddiki, A. 340 313, 347 Kramarev, D. 260 Sefa, R. 139 Chen, M.-X. 383 Kubina, M. 45 Segec, P. 45 Cho, I. 156, 162 Lagunas, M. A. 89, 190 Shaikh, S. S. 12 Cho, Y.-B. 18 Lam, S.-W. 115 Sheikhani, A. 318 Choi, K. 156, 162 Lee, K. 156, 162 Si Mohammed, A. M. 243, 250 Choi, Y.-M. 60, 115 Lee, S.-H. 18 Sicilia, D. O. 323 Chuan-Chen, Y. 285 Li, X. 279 Singh, S. 127, 130 Chun-Liang, H. 202 Lin, S.-J. 347 Siqueira, G. L. 71 Cooksley, J. R. 306 Liou, C. W. 173 Smejkalova Mazalkova, M. 214 Djebbari, A. 340 Liu, L.-J. 313 Soini, M. 266 Elsadek, H. 150 Longo, M. 83 Su, W. 291 Fotinopoulou, E. 66 Makris, J. 66 Su, Y.-J. 178 Fourati, M. 184 Masmoudi, N. 184 Suehiro, N. 77 Garner, P. 306 Michalodimitrakis, E. 66 Sulaiman, Z. 51 Garrido Perez, T. 198 Milicevic, Z. 167 Svitek, M. 228 Hamiti, E. 139 Milovanovic, D. 372 Sweeting, M. N. 243, 250, 306 Haron, N. S. 51 Mohamed, D. A. E. 144 Sydanheimo, L. 266 Hasan, M. H. 51 Mohammadi, M. R. 318 Talafova, R. 56 Hashida, Y. 243, 250 Mohsin, A. 7 Taleb-Ahmed, A. 340 Herman, I. 357 Mortensen, B. B. 108 Tirado Mendez, J. A. 198, 224 Herradon Diez, R. 323 Murakami, H. 235 Torres Lopez, A. S. 323 Hohlidaki, T. 66 Mustaza, A. F. 51 Tu, W. S. 173 Huang, J.-H. 300 Nashaat, D. M. 150 Tuomisto, J. 208 Hwang, I. 156, 162 Nassar, H. 327 Turan, J. 29

Authors Index

Vajdik, M. 357 Wong, K.-Y. 60, 115 Zelinka, T. 228 Vitenberg, R. M. 334 Wongsan, R. 121 Zivic, N. 273 Wahid, A. 40 Yoon, G. 156, 162 Zorba, N. 89