A. Ansmann • R. NeuberP. Rairoux • U. Wandinger (Eds.)

Advancesin AtmosphericRemote Sensingwith LidarSelected Papersof the 18th International Laser Radar Conference(ILRC), Berlin, 22-26 July 1996

With 347 Figures and 44 Tables

Springer

Contents

Part I Tropospheric Aerosols and Clouds

Depolarization and Backscatter Lidarfor Unattended Operation

C. J. Grund, S. P. Sandberg 3

Micro Pulse Lidar for Aerosol and Cloud MeasurementH. S. Lee, I. H. Hwang, J. D. Spinhirne, V. S. Scott 7

A Compact, Eye-Safe Lidar Based on Optical ParametricOscillators for Remote Aerosol Sensing

T. Kobayashi, Y. Enomoto, D. Hua, C. Galvez, T. Taira 11

Study of the Boundary Layer Structure over the ParisAgglomeration as Observed During the ECLAP Experiment

L. Menut, C. Flamant, J. Pelon, R. Valentin, P. H. Flamant,E. Dupont, B. Carissimo 15

Aerosol Optical Properties in the Urban Mixing LayerStudied by Polarization Lidar with Meteorological Data

T. Murayama, M. Furushima, A. Oda, N. Iwasaka 19

Raman Lidar and Sun Photometer Measurementsof Aerosols and Water Vapor

R. A. Ferrare, S. H. Melfi, D. Whiteman, K. D. Evans,G. Schwemmer, Y. Kaufman, R. Ellingson 23

Raman Lidar and Doppler Sodar Observationsof the Nocturnal Urban Boundary Layer at Rome, Italy,During 1994 and 1995

S. Casadio, A. di Sarra, D. Fua, M. P. Rao, G. Fiocco 27

Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure over theMediterranean During a Tramontane Event:Evidence of Gravity Waves Influence

C. Flamant, J. Pelon 31

Ship-Board Lidar Sensing of the Mixed Layer over the SeaS. Yamagishi, H. Yamanouchi, M. Tsuchiya 35

IX

Inference of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Water Vaporand Temperature Profiles over the OceanUsing Airborne Lidar Data

S. P. Palm, D. Hagan, G. Schwemmer, S. H. Mem : 39

Specific Features of the Aerosol Fields Vertical StructureFormation as Observed over the City of Tomskin Summer 1995

Y. S. Balin, A. D. Ershov 43

Assessment of the Oceanic Surface Reflectanceby Airborne Lidar to Improve a Stable Inversion Technique

V. Trouillet, P. Chazette, J. Pelon, C. Flamant 47

Aerosol Extinction Measurements with Lidarat 10.6 and 1.5/^m

A. Hagard, R. Persson 51

Comparison of Aerosol Measurements by Lidarand In Situ Methods in the Pacific Basin Troposphere

J. Redemann, R. P. Turco, R. F. Pueschel, E. V. Browell, W. B. Grant .55

Imaginary Refractive Index of Aerosol Derived fromSimultaneous Measurements with Lidar and OPC

H. Hu, Z. Wang, J. Zhou 59

Multiple-Wavelength Aerosol LidarD. Miiller, D. Althausen, U. Wandinger, A. Ansmann 63

Mollifier Methods for Aerosol Size DistributionC. Bockmann, J. Niebsch 67

Construction of a Multi-wavelength Lidar Systemfor Satellite Data Atmospheric Correction

N. Takeuchi, H. Kuze, Y. Sakurada, T. Takamura, S. Murata,K. Abe, S. Moody 71

LOWTRAN7 Simulation of a Multi-wavelength LidarApplied to the Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Data

H. Kuze, Q. Min, Y. Sakurada, T. Takamura, N. Takeuchi 75

Three-Dimensional Images of Cirrus CloudsDerived from Volume Imaging Lidar Observations

A. K. Piironen, E. W. Eloranta 79

Measurements of Cirrus Cloud Optical Properties andParticle Size with the University of WisconsinHigh Spectral Resolution Lidar

E. W. Eloranta, P. Piironen 83

Radiative Impact of Cirrus at Meso-scale Using a 1-DRadiative Transfer Model and Ground-Based Lidar,Ground-Based Radiometers, and Satellite Data

S. Elouragini, J. Pelon, P. H. Flamant 87

Monitoring of Cirrus, Clouds and Planetary Boundary Layerin Southern Hemisphere at Buenos Aires (34.6 S, 58.5 W)for Climate Application

M. Lavorato, J. Fochesatto, E. Quel, P. H. Flamant, J. Pelon 91

Observation of Anomalous Raman ScatteringAssociated with Clouds

S. H. Melfi, J. Li, K. D. Evans, R. A. Ferrare, D. N. Whiteman,G. Schwemmer 95

Non-simultaneous Measurement of Multiple-Field-of-ViewLidar Returns in Clouds: Time Correlation Lengths

G. Roy, L. R. Bissonnette 99

An Imaging Lidar for Multiple Scattering MeasurementsG. Muscari, M. Cacciani, G. Giuliani, G. Fiocco 103

A Self-Directing Elastic Backscatter Lidar Systemfor Debris Cloud Tracking and Characterization

D. A. Clark, K. A. Dighe, T. W. Tunnell 107

NASA DC-8 Airborne Scanning Lidar SystemN. B. Nielsen, E. E. Uthe, R. D. Kaiser, M. A. Tucker, J. E. Baloun,J. G. Gorordo I l l

PRN-cw Backscatter Lidar Measurementswith a Powerful Narrowband Diode Laser

R. Matthey, V. Mitev, P. Weibel 115

Comparative Test of PRN-cw and /x-Joule-PulsedTotal Backscatter Lidars

V. Mitev, A. Bukharin, R. Matthey, S. M. Pershin,L. de Schoulepnikoff 119

Effect of Signal Dynamics: A Comparative StudyBetween PRN and Pulse Illuminated LIDAR Systems

Y. Emery, C. Flesia 123

Simulation of a Low Cost Correlation LIDARB. Bundschuh, D. Schneider, M. Grindel, E. Becker 127

Daytime Measurements of the Lower Atmospherewith a Bistatic Imaging Lidar

K. Meki, X. Li, F. Kobayashi, T. D. Kawahara, Y. Saito, A. Nomura . .131

XI

Lidar Profile Deconvolution Algorithmsfor Some Rectangular-Like Laser Pulse Shapes

T. N. Dreischuh, L. L. Gurdev, D. V. Stoyanov 135

Part II Lidar in Space

The Flight of the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment(LITE)

M. P. McCormick 141

LITE Observations of Anthropogenically Produced AerosolsR. M. Hoff, K. B. Strawbridge 145

Observations of Saharan Dust by LITEK. A. Powell, C. R. Trepte, G. S. Kent 149

LITE Measurements of Biomass Burning Aerosols andComparisons with Correlative Airborne Lidar Measurementsof Multiple Scattering in the Planetary Boundary Layer

W. B. Grant, E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler, G. D. Nowicki 153

LITE Measurements of Aerosols in the Stratosphereand Upper Troposphere

G. S. Kent, M. T. Osborn, C. R. Trepte, K. M. Skeens 157

Retrieval of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parametersfrom LITE and LASAL

G. Schwemmer, S. P. Palm, S. H. Mem, K. D. Evans 161

Correlative Measurements in Support of LITEUsing the Airborne Backscatter LIDAR ALEX

W: Renger, C. Kiemle, H.-G. Schreiber, M. Wirth, P. Moerl 165

ESA-LITE: IROE Contribution to Ground Based LIDAR andLITE Correlative Measurements

M. Morandi, L. Stefanutti, A. Matthews, B. Liley, S. Balestri,F. Castagnoli, M. Del Guasta, V. Santacesaria, J. P. Wolf 169

Southern Italy Correlative Lidar Measurements for LITEG. Pappalardo, V. Cuomo, N. Spinelli, P. Di Girolamo, V. Berardi,R. Bruzzese 173

LITE Surface Returns: Assessment and ApplicationsJ. A. Reagan, H. Liu, T. W. Cooley 177

Calibration Methods for a Space Borne Backscatter LidarG. J. Kunz 181

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Simulation and Modelling of Multiple Scattering EffectsObserved in LITE Data

D. M. Winker 185

Cirrus Measurements from a Spaceborne Lidar:Influence of Multiple Scattering

M. Wiegner, U. Oppel, H. Krasting, W. Renger, C. Kiemle, M. Wirth .189

Retrieval of Physical and Optical Cloud Thicknessesfrom Space Borne and Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar

A. Davis, D. Winker, A. Marshak, R. Cahalan, J. Spinhirne, S. Love,H. Mem, W. Wiscombe 193

Relation of Power and Depolarization of Cloud Lidar ReturnUnder Multiple Scattering to Cloud Microstructureand Stratification

E. P. Zege, I. N. Polonsky, I. L. Katsev 197

The Emissivity of Cirrus Clouds Derived from LITEand Meteosat Measurements

A. van Lammeren, A. Feijt 201

Expected Cirrus Cloud Climatology ImprovementUsing a Spaceborne Backscatter Lidar

J. Pelon, M. Doutriaux, V. Trouillet, P. H. Flamant, H. Letreut,G. Seze 205

Spaceborne Lidar Activities at the European Space AgencyA. Marini, E. Armandillo, A. Culoma, C. Norrie 209

Space Based Atmospheric Measurements by GLASJ. D. Spinhirne, S. P. Palm 213

Implications of New Alexandrite Ring Laser Technologyfor Spaceborne Lidar (Aerosol Backscatter, Water Vapor,Doppler Winds)

T. D. Wilkerson, J. A. McKay 217

Part III Wind

Remote Sensing of Wind and Aerosols with AirborneScanning Coherent CO2 Doppler Laser Radar, MACAWS

J. Rothermel, R. M. Hardesty, R. T. Menzies 223

SNR-Loss Budget of the Airborne Doppler Lidar WINDD. Bruneau, C. Loth, M. Meissonnier, A. Dabas, J. Perin,P. Drobinski, J. Pelon, P. Flamant 227

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A Compact, High Pulse Rate CO2 Doppler Lidarfor Cloud, Species, and Turbulence Research

R. M. Hardesty, W. A. Brewer, L. D. Olivier, W. L. Eberhard 231

High Resolution Doppler Lidar Measurementsof Wind and Turbulence

C. J. Grund 235

Spatial Monitoring of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Windsby Doppler Lidar

J. Roths, V. Klein, B. Hilber, R. Heilmann 239

Modeling and Performance of 2.0 /xm LasersProjections for Remote Wind Sensing

N. P. Barnes, W. J. Rodriguez, B. M. Walsh 243

Demonstration of an Adaptive, Coherent-Combining LaserRadar Receiver

C. M. Stickley, R. Phillips, A. Weeks, P. Gatt 247

Measurement of the Refractive Index Structure Parameter C^in the Planetary Boundary Layer Using a Pulsed Coherent10 fim Lidar in Direct Detection

P. Drobinski, A. Dabas, P. Delville, X. Favreau, P. H. Flamant 251

Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate MeasurementUsing Doppler Lidar

V. Banakh, I. Smalikho, F. Kopp, C. Werner 255

High Accuracy Atmospheric Wind Field Measurementswith an Edge Technique Lidar

C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry, S. X. Li 259

Incoherent Doppler Lidar System Using DifferentialDiscrimination Technique for Tropospheric WindMeasurement

Z. Liu, T. Kobayashi 263

Doppler Wind Lidar in the Stratosphere:Sensitivity to High Mie Scattering and Self-Correction

C. Souprayen, A. Gamier, A. Hertzog, A. Hauchecorne, S. Godin,J. Porteneuve 267

Three-Dimensional Elastic Lidar WindsW. T. Buttler 271

Range Resolved, 3-D Optical Remote Sensingof Atmospheric Winds Using a CW Lidar

J. F. Holmes, B. J. Rask 275

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Part IV Water Vapor

Development of the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment(LASE) - An Advanced Airborne DIAL Instrument

A. S. Moore, Jr., K. E. Brown, W. M. Hall, J. C. Barnes,W. C. Edwards, L. B. Petway, A. D. Little, W. S. Luck, Jr.,I. W. Jones, C. W. Antill, Jr., E. V. Browell, S. Ismail 281

LASE Validation ExperimentE. V. Browell, S. Ismail, W. M. Hall, A. S. Moore, Jr.,S. A. Kooi, V. G. Brackett, M. B. Clayton, J. D. W. Barrick,F. J. Schmidlin, N. S. Higdon, S. H. Mem, D. N. Whiteman 289

The Airborne Water-Vapor Lidar LEANDRE II:Design, Realization, Tests and First Validations

P. Quaglia, D. Bruneau, A. Abchiche, M. Lopez, F. Fassina,J. P. Marcovici, P. Genau, T. Danguy, B. Brient, B. Romand,C. Loth, M. Meissonnier, P. Flamant, J. Pelon 297

Advanced Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Developmentand Measurements

T. H. Chyba, P. Ponsardin, N. S. Higdon, R. J. DeYoung, C. F. Butler,E. V. Browell 301

Single-Mode AU-Solid-State Water-Vaporand Temperature DIAL System

V. Wulfmeyer, J. Bosenberg 305

A Water Vapor DIAL SystemUsing Diode Pumped NdrYAG Lasers

S. Lehmann, J. Bosenberg 309

Injection Seeded Optical Parametric Oscillator Systemfor Water Vapor DIAL Measurements

A. Fix, G. Ehret 313

Water Vapour DIAL System Utilisedfor Radar Propagation Forecasting

A. J. Henderson, S. X. Li, G. Zhang, S. Mathur, C. R. Prasad,H. S. Lee 317

Proposed Compact, Eye-Safe Lidarfor Measuring Atmospheric Water Vapor

J. L. Machol, R. M. Hardesty, B. J. Rye, C. J. Grund 321

First Results of the BELINDA ApproachF. A. Theopold, A. Behrendt, H. Flint, C. Weitkamp 325

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Measurement of the Vertical Water Vapor Flux in theConvective Boundary Layer Using a DIALand a Coherent Wind Lidar

A. Giez, G. Ehret, R. L. Schwiesow 329

Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Estimation of Humidity Fluxesand Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parameters

C. Kiemle, G. Ehret, A. Giez 333

Implementation of a Turn-Key Raman Lidar for ProfilingAtmospheric Water Vapor and Aerosolsat the US Southern Great Plains Climate Study Site

J. E. M. Goldsmith, F. H. Blair, S. E. Bisson 337

Comparison of Lidar-Derived Water Vapor with OtherMoisture Measurements During the CAMEX-2, LASEand WMO Field Campaigns

K. D. Evans, S. H. Mem, R. A. Ferrare, D. N. Whiteman,G. Schwemmer, E. V. Browell, F. J. Schmidlin, R. Harris,F. Balsiger, C. R. Philbrick, W. Feltz, W. L. Smith 341

Rotational Raman Lidar for Remote Daytime Measurementsof Tropospheric Temperature Profiles

W. Lahmann, J. Zeyn, C. Weitkamp 345

Part V Tropospheric Trace Gases and Plumes

UV-DIAL Ozone MeasurementsDuring the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study

R. J. Alvarez II, S. D. Mayor, C. Senff, R. M. Hardesty,C. L. Frush, R. M. Banta, W. L. Eberhard 351

Airborne Lidar Measurements of Ozone and AerosolsDuring PEM-West A and PEM-West B

M. A. Fenn, E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler 355

Ozone Measurements in the Presence of Cirrus CloudsJ. Reichardt, M. Serwazi, C. Weitkamp, W. Michaelis, A. Ansmann . . . 359

Ozone Flux Profiles in the Boundary Layer Observedwith an Ozone DIAL/Doppler Lidar Combination

C. Senff, R. J. Alvarez II, S. D. Mayor, Y. Zhao 363

Ozone Flux Measurements in the Troposphere with a Shotper Shot DIAL Instrument Operated in the UV SpectralRegion During the MEDCAPHOT Campaign

L. Fiorani, B. Calpini, A. Clappier, L. Jaquet, F. Miiller,H. Van den Bergh, E. Durieux 367

XVI

Ozone Pollution Lidar and SF6 Tracer DispersionMeasurements in a Field Experiment

P. Bisling, J. Glauer, S. Kohler, T. Bell, C. Weitkamp, A. Knaps,M. Mollmann-Coers 371

RIVM Tropospheric Ozone LIDAR Routine Measurements,Validation and Analyses

A. Apituley, E. P. Visser, J. B. Bergwerff, J. M. de Winter,H. de Backer, M. A. F. Allaart 375

Second Generationof the IFU Stationary Tropospheric Ozone Lidar

H. Eisele, T. Trickl 379

A Novel Mobile Vertical-Sounding System for Ozone Studiesin the Lower Troposphere

P. Brenner, 0. Reitebuch, K. Schafer, T. Trickl, A. Stichternath 383

Characterization of Raman Cell-Based Transmittersfor UV DIAL Applications

L. Schoulepnikoff, V. Simeonov, H. van den Bergh, B. Calpini,D. Jeker, V. Mitev 387

A Solid State Tunable Ozone LidarB. Stein, F. Immler, B. Mielke, P. Rairoux, C. Wedekind, H. Wille,L. Woste 391

Advanced Airborne UV DIAL System for Stratosphericand Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosol Measurements

D. A. Richter, E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler, N. S. Higdon 395

The Airborne Lidar for Tropospheric Ozone (ALTO)G. Ancellet, F. Ravetta 399

Comparison of Retrieval Methods in Tropospheric OzoneDIAL: The Impact of Raman Measurements

V. Matthias, V. Wulfmeyer, J. Bosenberg 403

Comparisons of Three-Wavelength Dual-DIALwith Aerosol Correction Method for DIAL

Z. Wang, H. Hu, J. Zhou, Z. Gong 407

Laser Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide,Toluene, Ozone, and Dust in the Industrial Area of Cubatao(Brazil)

C. Weitkamp, U.-B. Goers, J. Glauer, S. Kohler, P. Rairoux,F. Immler, L. Woste, M. Ulbricht, D. Weidauer 411

XVII

Atmospheric Mercury Emissionsfrom the Almaden Cinnabar Mining Area

M. Andersson, H. Edner, R. Ferrara, A. Hernandez, B. E. Maserti,P. Ragnarson, S. Svanberg 415

NO Monitoring by a Tunable Solid-State UV DIALR. Toriumi, H. Tai, H. Kuze, N. Takeuchi 419

Ozone, VOC, NO2, and Aerosol Monitoring in Urbanand Industrial Areas Using a Mobile DIAL System

D. Weidauer, P. Rairoux, M. Ulbricht, J. P. Wolf, L. W6ste 423

Calibration of a Raman-Lidar Gas Analyzer of AtmosphericEmissions from Plant Stacks Using a Remote Gas Chamber .

Y. F. Arshinov, S. M. Bobrovnikov, I. B. Serikov, D. I. Shelefontyuk,V. K. Shumskii, P. V. Bazylev, V. A. Lugovoi, N. N. Stolyarov 427

Large-Scale European Network of Laser Remote SensingFacilities for Environmental and Industrial Monitoringof Toxic and Global Change Related Trace Gases(HCM Lidar Network)

A. Papayannis, G. Ancellet, R. Barbini, J. Boesenberg, B. Calpini,W. Diehl, M. Del Guasta, M. Milton, T. Trickl 431

New UV-Tunable Solid State Lasers for Lidar ApplicationsP. Rambaldi, M. Douard, M. Ulbricht, J.-P. Wolf 435

Injection Seeding of a Flashlamp-Pumped Ti:Sapphire Laserfor Lidar Applications

J. Yu, M. Douard, P. Rambaldi, B. Vezin, J. P. Wolf 439

Tunable Single-Mode Solid-State Laserswith a New Cavity Configuration

M. Maeda, N. J. Vasa, T. Okada, M. Uchiumi, 0 . Uchino 443

A Compact, Robust, Instantaneously Tunable HarmonicGenerator for Lidar Applications

R. Trebino, B. Richman, S. E. Bisson, M. Mitchell, K. W. Delong,E. Sidick, A. Jacobson 447

Infrared DIAL Measurements with an Injection-Seeded OPOT. D. Gardiner, M. J. T. Milton, F. Molero, P. T. Woods 451

Development of Infrared Lidar SystemsBased on "Tracking-Free" Optical Parametric Oscillators

B. Vezin, M. Douard, P. Rambaldi, J.-P. Wolf 455

Wide Bandwidth DIAL System - Analysisand Sensitivity Studies

S. Fastig, I. Paiss, M. Kleinman 459

XVIII

A Fourier Transform LidarM. Douard, P. Rambaldi, J.-P. Wolf 463

Simultaneous Range Resolved Measurements of AtmosphericConstituentsand Wind Velocity by CO2 Coherent Lidar

X. Favreau, A. Dabas, P. Delville, P. Salamitou, J. Pelon,P. H. Flamant 467

CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Researchat the Air Force Phillips Laboratory

M. J. Fox, N. S. Higdon, D. R. Dean, C. M. Hamilton, D. C. Senft,J. A. Dowling, D. F. Pierrottet, S. Ghoshroy, S. B. Alejandro 471

Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Imaging Lidarwith Range Resolution for Vegetation Monitoring

Y. Saito, K. Hatake, E. Nomura, T. D. Kawahara, A. Nomura,N. Sugimoto, T. Itabe 475

Part VI Stratospheric and Mesospheric Profiling

A History of Aerosol Measurements at Sao Jose dos Campos,Brazil (23 S, 46 W) from 1972 to 1995

D. M. Simonich, B. R. Clemesha 481

Five Years of Lidar Observationsof the Pinatubo Eruption Cloud

H. Jager, T. Deshler, F. Homburg, V. Freudenthaler 485

Comparative Study of Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozoneat Mid and High LatitudesDuring the Pinatubo Episode, 1991-1994

G. Beyerle, I. S. McDermid, R. Neuber, P. von der Gathen 489

Retrieval of Stratospheric Aerosol Physical PropertiesUsing Multiwavelength Lidar Backscatterand Extinction Measurements

D. P. Donovan, A. I. Carswell 493

A New Modular and Mobile Lidar System Designfor Raman Lidar Application Based on a 10-Channel FilterPolychromator

J. Schafer, F. A. Theopold, R. Baumgart, I. Beninga, G. Beyerle,B. Hofer, W. Lahmann, W. Mildner, 0 . Schrems, C. Weitkamp 497

NDSC Inter comparisonof Stratospheric Aerosol Processing Algorithms

W. Steinbrecht, H. Jager, A. Adriani, G. di Donfrancesco, J. Barnes,

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G. Beyerle, R. Neuber, C. David, S. Godin, D. Donovan, A. I. Carswell,M. Gross, T. McGee, F. Masci, A. D'Altorio, V. Rizi, G. Visconti,I. S. McDermid, G. Megie, B. Mielke, B. Stein, C. Wedekind, T. Nagai,0. Uchino, H. Nakane, M. Osborn, D. Winker 501

Lidar Observations of the PSCs and Stratospheric Aerosolsover Eureka in Canadian Arctic

T. Nagai, O. Uchino, T. Itabe, T. Shibata, K. Mizutani,T. Fujimoto, M. Hirota 505

Lidar Observations of Polar Stratospheric CloudsAbove Spitsbergen

K. Stebel, R. Neuber, G. Beyerle, J. Biele, P. Scheuch, H. Schutt,P. von der Gathen, O. Schrems 509

Polar Stratospheric Cloud Measurementsby Multispectral Lidar at Sodankyla in Winter 1994/95

C. Wedekind, F. Immler, B. Mielke, P. Rairoux, B. Stein, L. Woste,M. Del Guasta, M. Morandi, L. Stefanutti, F. Masci, V. Rizi,R. Matthey, V. Mitev, M. Douard, J. P. Wolf, E. Kyr6 513

Airborne Lidar Observations of Ozonein the Arctic Winter 1994/95

• M. Wirth, W. Renger 517

Measurements at the Eureka Arctic NDSC Stationwith a Raman DIAL System

A. I. Carswell, D. P. Donovan, J. C. Bird, T. J. Duck, S. R. Pal,J. A. Whiteway 521

NDSC Lidar Intercomparisons and Validation:OPAL and MLO3 Campaigns in 1995

1. S. McDermid, T. J. McGee, D. P. J. Swart 525

RIVM Stratospheric Ozone Lidar at NDSC Station Lauder:Routine Measurements and ValidationDuring the OPAL Campaign

E. J. Brinksma, D. P. J. Swart, J. B. Bergwerff, Y. J. Meijer,F. T. Ormel 529

UARS Ozone and Temperature Validation by GSFC LidarDuring UARS Correlative Measurement Campaigns(1992-1995)

U. N. Singh, T. J. McGee, M. R. Gross 533

Long Term Ozone DIAL Measurements at Hohenpeifienberg:Intercomparisons with Brewer/Mast Ozone Sondes, HALOE,SBUV and SAGE II

H. Claude, W. Steinbrecht 537

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Ozone Measurements at Geesthacht (53.4° N, 10.4° E)with an Advanced Raman Lidar

M. Serwazi, J. Reichardt, R. Baumgart, C. Weitkamp 541

Lidar Observation of Ozone and Aerosol in the Stratosphereand Troposphere over Suwon, Korea

C. B. Park, K.-H. Park, C. H. Lee 545

Lidar and Spectrophotometric Measurements of VerticalDistributions of Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Temperaturein the Stratosphere over Tomsk (Western Siberia)

V. N. Marichev, V. V. Zuev, M. V. Grishaev, S. V. Smirnov 549

Lidar Developments and Observationsover Reunion Island (20.8° S, 55.5° E)

H. Bencherif, J. Leveau, J. Porteneuve, P. Keckhut, A. Hauchecorne,G. Megie, M. Bessafi 553

Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Profiles Observedwith the Consortium Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar at Logan, Utah

V. B. Wickwar, K. C. Beissner, T. D. Wilkerson, S. C. Collins,J. M. Maloney, J. W. Meriwether, Jr., X. Gao 557

Multi-dimensional Power Spectral Analysis of Structurein the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Observedby Rayleigh Scatter Lidar

R. D. Sears, T. D. Wilkerson, V. B. Wickwar, J. M. Maloney,S. C. Collins 561

The Vertical Propagation of Gravity Wavesto Lower Mesospheric Heights

L. Thomas, A. J. McDonald 565

Recent Upgrades of the Colorado State Na Lidarfor Wind/Temperature and Daytime Measurements

C. Y. She, H. Chen, M. A. White, D. Golias, D. A. Krueger 569

A Novel Acousto-optic Modulation Techniquefor Na Wind/Temperature Lidars

J. Yu, W. Yang, C. S. Gardner 573

The Alexandrite Ring Laser:A Spectrally Narrow Lidar Light Sourcefor Atmospheric Fluorescence and Absorption Observations

S. C. Collins, T. D. Wilkerson, V. B. Wickwar, D. Rees, J. C. Walling,D. F. Heller 577

Laser-Wavelength and Laser-Beam-Direction Stabilizationof the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman Lidar

J. Fiedler, G. von Cossart 581

Index of Contributors 585

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