advancement flaps for fistula in ano sr brown sheffield teaching hospitals
TRANSCRIPT
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Advancement flaps for fistula in ano
SR Brown
Sheffield teaching hospitals
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Perfect operation
• Easy to perform
• No risk of incontinence
• Effective
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History
• First proposed 1902 (Noble) for rectovaginal fistulae
• Anal fistulae 1912 (Elting)
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Objectives
• Indications
• Types and Techniques
• Results
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Indications
• High trans-sphincteric/supra-sphincteric fistulae
• Anterior fistulae in women
• Rectovaginal fistulae
• (Crohn’s)
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Contraindications
• Acute presentation
• Large opening
• Rectal disease– Neoplasia– Crohn’s– Radiation
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Types of advancement flap
• Endorectal– Full thickness– Partial thickness– mucosal
• Anocutaneous– V-Y,Y-V– Rhomboid, House
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Method
• Bowel preparation
• Antibiotics
• Position
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Essential steps
• Excision of internal opening
• Excision primary tract
• Formation flap
• Attention to external component
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Excision fistula tract
• Sharp dissection core out/curettage
• Excise secondary tracts
• Continue to internal sphincter/complete tract
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Mobilisation rectal flap
• Adrenaline (1:300,000)
• Partial/full thickness internal sphincter flap (based proximally)
• Divergent lateral incisions
• Meticulous haemostasis
• Excise internal opening +/- closure internal tract
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Suturing flap
• Suture with absorbable Vicryl 2/0
• Tension free
• Leave external opening to drain/Malecot catheter/glue
• No indication for bowel confinement/stoma
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Principles for success
• Stagger the mucosal and muscular suture line
• Width of base of flap > twice the apex
• No sepsis
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ResultsDifficulties
• Due to– Population
• Inflammatory/Non inflammatory
• High/low fistulae
• Recurrent
– Surgeon– Follow up– Thoroughness of reporting
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ResultsEndorectal Technique
Study Year No. pts. Recurrence (%)
Incontinence
(%)
Oh 1983 15 13 -
Aguilar 1985 151 2 10
Athanasiadas 1994 169 20 21
Schouten 1999 44 25 35
Ortiz 2000 91 7 8
Mizrahi 2002 66 33 9
Sonoda 2002 55 25 -
Dixon 2004 29 17 -
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Reasons for Incontinence
• Direct damage to sphincter
• Stretching
• Scarring
• Decreased sensation
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The anocutaneous flap
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ResultsAnocutaneous technique
Study Year No Patients Recurrence
(%)
Incontinence
(%)
Del Pino 1996 11 27 -
Nelson 2000 73 23 16
Zimmerman 2001 26 54 30
Amin 2003 18 17 -
Sungertekin 2004 65 9 0
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Factors that influence healing
• Redo procedures
• Crohn’s
• Rectovaginal fistulas
• Smoking
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Summary
• Advancement flaps useful part of armamentarium for fistulas
• Techniques equally effective
• Consent for recurrences/incontinence particularly certain groups
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Rectovaginal fistulaecauses
• Inflammatory– Crohn’s– Neoplastic– Post-radiotherapy
• Non inflammatory– obstetric
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Rectovaginal fistulaetypes
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Types of repair
• Transanal advancement flap
• Lay open and primary repair (perineoproctotomy)
• Transperineal repair (+/- transposition)
• Transvaginal repair