advanced writing - session five
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Advanced WritingSession Five
A Course By Nima Yousefi
![Page 2: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Concepts to cover this session
Suspensiveness
Techniques to Create Suspense
Phatic Expressions
![Page 3: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sentences that complete the basic pattern of subject and predicate early on, keeping subject and verb near the beginning of the
sentence and keeping subject and verb close together
Loose Sentences
![Page 4: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
delaying its main clause until the very end
splitting the subject from the verb with qualifying material
using any construction that refines, sharpens, or adds to
initial information before putting it to final use
A sentence is termed periodic if it suspends completion of its message:
![Page 5: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
"Those who roused the people to resistance, who directed their measures through a long series of eventful years, who formed, out of the most unpromising materials, the finest army that Europe had ever seen, who trampled down King, Church, and Aristocracy, who, in the short intervals of domestic sedition and rebellion, made the name of England terrible to every nation on the face of the earth, were no vulgar fanatics."
- The Puritans By Thomas Babington Macaulay
![Page 6: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
"We can reason that the periodic style, like the noun style shows thought to be static, organized into its component parts and then flash-frozen; the running style, like the verb style, shows behavior still in progress, happening in the present, not the past. The contrast often proves a fruitful one but it ought not to lead us to ignore the powerful internal dynamics the period can generate. If you add enough internal qualifications and parenthetical interruptions, it turns into a running style.
![Page 7: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Three Reasons for Employing Suspensive Syntax
1. Varying your predominantly loose style and emphasizing
your more important ideas
2. Putting the important ideas at the end of the sentence
3. Sustaining interest in a long sentence
![Page 8: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
In linguistics, a phatic expression is communication which serves a social function such as small talk and social pleasantries that don't seek or offer any information of value.
For example, greetings such as "hello" and "how are you?" are phatic expressions.
Phatic Expression
![Page 9: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Phatic Connectors To be honest Let's face it Just between us If truth be known If you must know If you get right down to it If I may call it that I can't help but wonder To my way of thinking It seems to me Shall we say
![Page 10: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sentence Openers
Interrupters
Signpost Important Information or Claims
Clinch a Conclusion
Certify, Undermine, or Decertify Content
Uses of Phatic Phrases
![Page 11: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
An inverted cumulative works periodically, forestalling the base clause by a number of modifying levels, keeping the distinctive cumulative rhythm, but putting it to suspensive effect.
His eyes weary from the road, his clothes tattered and dusty, his beard long and unkempt, looking as if not only insects but small animals might be nesting within its scraggly strands, Robert Coover's Wayfarer, the enigmatic protagonist of one of the mini-narratives in "Seven Exemplary Fictions," is hardly a character designed to attract our sympathy.
Five Delaying Tactics
![Page 12: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
"A verb has a hard enough time of it in this world when it is all together. It's downright inhuman to split it up. But that's what those Germans do. They take part of a verb and put it down here, like a stake, and they take the other part of it and put it away over yonder like another stake, and between these two limits they just shovel in German."
Completion of the base clause can also be delayed, by interposing modifying or qualifying material between the subject and the verb of the sentence, a splitting tactic that runs the risk of losing or alienating the reader, easily the least controlled or focused periodic form.
Five Delaying Tactics
![Page 13: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Initial qualifying constructions lead to more complicated periodic structures, presenting information that becomes complete—safe to accept as final-only when joined with or reassessed in light of information in the base clause, a process signaled by opening words such as "although," "even," or "if."
If it can be proved that UFOs exist, and if it is revealed that the U.S. government has indeed hidden evidence of extraterrestrial visitors, and even if it turns out that Bigfoot and Elvis do not live outside its lurid pages, the contribution of the
Weekly World News to the history of journalism may have to be reassessed.
Five Delaying Tactics
![Page 14: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
An extended subject produces similar results, initially offering an infinitive or relative clause, bringing the sentence into focus only when it becomes clear that what at first may have looked like a complete sentence is actually no more than the subject of a much longer sentence.
"To come all this way, to arrive after dark, to find the village completely abandoned, Tarzan nowhere in sight, and the banana trees stripped bare left Cheetah feeling completely nonplussed."
- Carl Klaus
Five Delaying Tactics
![Page 15: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The sentence whose message is interrupted by a colon or a semicolon, but inexorably deflating, inverting, or otherwise recasting that message by the one that follows the colon or semi-colon, often waiting until the last word of the second clause to spring the sentence's rhetorical trap.
The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of blessings; the inherent virtue of socialism is the equal sharing of miseries."
- Winston Churchill
Five Delaying Tactics
![Page 16: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
"Since he belonged, even at the age of six, to that great clan which cannot keep this feeling separate from that, but must let future prospects, with their joys and sorrows, cloud what is actually at hand, since to such people even in earliest childhood any turn in the wheel of sensation has the power to crystallise and transfix the moment upon which its gloom or radiance rests, James Ramsay, sitting on the floor cutting out pictures from the illustrated catalogue of the Army and Navy Stores, endowed the picture of a refrigerator, as his mother spoke, with heavenly bliss."
- To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
![Page 17: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Take Away Lessons
Suspensiveness
Techniques to Create Suspense
![Page 18: Advanced Writing - Session Five](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081520/587f63011a28ab9b398b54fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
― Marcus Fabius Quintilianus
“Write quickly and you will never write well; write well, and you will soon write quickly.”