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TRANSCRIPT
Advanced Spectrum Sharing in the United States
2© 2015 Dynamic Spectrum Alliance
Ira Keltz, Deputy ChiefOffice of Engineering and Technology
Dynamic Spectrum AllianceGlobal Summit
Manila, PhilippinesMay 8, 2015
Note: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and may not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Communications Commission
Advanced Spectrum Sharing in the United States
Dawn of a New Age inSpectrum Dynamic Access
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TV white space and other spectrum dynamic access systems are beginning to take hold globally
Source: Dynamic Spectrum Alliance Report, “Worldwide Commercial Deployments, Pilots, and Trials (http://www.dynamicspectrumalliance.org/pilots.html)
Global TV White Space Deployments, Pilots, Trials
TV White Spaces
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Applications Are Unlimited
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• Wi‐Fi devices ‐ Home and business networks; hot‐spots
• Community, urban & rural broadband networks by WISPs
• Bluetooth headsets & keyboards• Automobile keyless entry• Wireless baby monitors • In‐home video distribution• Remote control toys• Toy walkie‐talkies• Utility meter readers & smart grid energy
control• Tank level meters• Traffic light controls• Crane controls• Lighting controls & dimmers• Wireless door bells
• Cordless phones• Garage door opener controls• Sensors for automatic doors • Industrial automation controls• RF ID systems• Retail anti‐theft systems • Security alarm systems • Wireless speakers• Satellite Radio‐to‐FM radio• Convergence w licensed devices • Medical camera pills• Medical panic alerts• Meat thermometers• Inventory control• Pool cover controllers• Diaper wetness sensor• And the list goes on . . .
Progress on White Space in the TV Bands (Unlicensed)
• Adopted final rules in 2012• Nine devices approved:
– Adaptrum, Koos Technical Services, Meld, Carlson, Redline and 6harmonix
– All fixed devices, designed for professional installation ‐location entered manually
– All are generic boxes with an input for a digital signal (voice, video, data).
• Databases approved: – Spectrum Bridge, iconectiv (formerly Telcordia),
Google, Key Bridge Global and KB/LS Telcom
• IEEE 802.11af standard approved ‐ Dec. 2013• Strong international interest
Carlson Adaptrum
SpectrumBridge
iconectiv
Wireless Cameras Cover Park in Wilmington NC
Meld
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Database Administrator Approval Process
• File application• Workshops• Submit database• FCC Review• Public beta test• Final report• Public comment• Final approval• Maintenance: Q&A’s
and database updates
White Space Database Administrators
Administrator Name Contact Information Approval Status
Airity, Inc. (formerly WSdb LLC) Pending
Comsearch H. Mark Gibson, 19700 Janelia Farm Boulevard, Ashburn, VA 20147 [email protected] Pending
RadioSoft, Inc. (formerly Frequency Finder), a subsidiary of LStelcom
Peter Moncure, 8910 Dick’s Hill Parkway, Toccoa, GA 30557 [email protected] Approved
Google Inc.Alan.Norman, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA [email protected]
Approved
LStelcomDr. Georg Schöne, Im Gewerbegebiet 31‐33, D‐77839 Lichtenau, [email protected]
Approved
Key Bridge Global LLCJesse Caulfield, 1600 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1100, McLean, VA [email protected]
Approved
NeuStar, Inc. Brian Rosen, 1775 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC [email protected] Pending
Spectrum Bridge, Inc.
Peter Stanforth, 110 Timberlachen Circle, Suite 1012, Lake Mary, FL [email protected] Approved
iconectiv John P. Malyar, 1 Telcordia Dr., Piscataway, NJ 08854 [email protected] Approved
Microsoft Corporation Ian Ferrell, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, [email protected] Pending
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Lessons Learned
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Coordination among database providers is critical Required development of a complex data exchange protocol to ensure that the
information is updated frequently and consistently; Need for the device authentication protocols to register and authenticate devices
by the database provider – currently, at the time of certification devices are approved for communications with specific database providers
Ensure consistent method of calculating protected areas ‐ ‐ each database must provide the same answer
Need a process for authenticating user input and for ensuring data integrity
Need clear policy for handling license database errors Clarify handling of expired licenses w/ pending renewals Once issues discovered, need effective way to quickly communicate
remedies to all databases Out‐of‐band emissions can be a challenge
Proposed Rule Changes(Accommodate Incentive Auction)
• NPRM adopted Sept. 30, 2104• Proposed unlicensed operation in:
– Remaining white space– Duplex gap– Guard bands– Channel 37 – Shared non‐IX to medical telemetry and radio astronomy– Recovered spectrum until wireless operation commences
• Proposed additional technical flexibility for devices
= Bands proposed for unlicensed
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Spectrum Sharing:Small Cells @ 3.5 GHz
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Citizens Broadband Radio Service
Report & Order Adopted April 17, 2015
Dynamic spectrum access for small cells
Dynamic spectrum access for small cells
150 MHzof
contiguousspectrum
150 MHzof
contiguousspectrum
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3550 3700 3650
Navy Ship Radars Non-Federal FSS ES
FSSFederalFederal Ground-Based Radar
3600
Citizens Broadband Radio Service
Three Tier Access
Incumbent Access: Includes authorized federal and grandfathered Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) users currently operating in the 3.5 GHz Band.
Priority Access License (PAL): Authorize certain users to operate with some interference protection in portions of the 3.5 GHz Band at specific locations
General Authorized Access (GAA): Users authorized to use the 3.5 GHz Band opportunistically. GAA users required to accept interference from Incumbent and Priority Access tier users.
Incumbent Access
Priority Access
General Authorized Access
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License Areas
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U.S. Census Tracts
Washington DC
PALs licensed by census tract• Over 74,000 census tracts in U.S.• May aggregate census tracts
Protected Access vs General Authorized Access
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Shared Between PALs and GAA
• Protected Access Licenses• Up to seven 10 megahertz licenses• Can aggregate up to four PALs in any census tract
• Assigned through auction• Three year term
• General Authorized Access• Opportunistic use
Band‐wide Operability Requirement
• All Citizens Broadband Service Devices (CBSDs) must be capable of two‐way transmission on any frequency from 3550‐3700 MHz
General Authorized Access Only
• Increased technical flexibility• Additional power in rural areas
• Existing equipment exempt from band‐wide operability requirement
3550 3700 3650
Navy Ship Radars Non-Federal FSS ES
FSSFederalFederal Ground-Based Radar
3600
Citizens Broadband Radio Service
Incumbent Protection
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Protection of Federal Systems at3550‐3650 MHz
• Phase 1 ‐ Exclusion zone near coastlines
• Phase 2 ‐ Environmental sensing capability• Exclusion zone protection zone
Proposed exclusion zoneAdopted exclusion / protection zone
Protection of Non‐Federal Systems at3650‐3700 MHz
• Incumbent terrestrial broadband licensees grandfathered for five+ years
• Grandfathered FSS (3600‐3700 MHz) register with FCC yearly• Protection based on operating parameters• Further Notice explores additional
protection criteria
Three Federal radar sites protected via 80 km exclusion zone.
Spectrum Access System (SAS)
A next generation sharing system building on white spaces
• Determine available frequencies at a location and assign them to CBSDs
• Determine maximum permissible power level for CBSDs at a location
• Register and authenticate CBSDs• Enforce Exclusion and Protection Zones• Protect PALs from IX from other users
• Facilitate coordination between GAAs • Ensure secure and reliable transmission of
information between the SAS, ESC, and CBSDs• Protect Grandfathered Wireless Broadband
Licensees• Facilitate coordination and information
exchange between SASs
SAS Functions
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More Work To Do
Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking• Defining “Use” of PAL frequencies• Implementing secondary markets in Priority Access Licenses• Optimizing Protection for FSS
• In‐band protection of FSS in 3600‐3700 MHz• Out‐of‐band protection of C band FSS earth stations
• SAS Provider selection and authorization• Will use process similar to TV White Spaces
• Multi‐stakeholder process• FCC appreciates industry establishing a multi‐stakeholder process• Regulations set framework• Industry collaboration will be key to successful implementation
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Spectrum Sharing:Unlicensed at 5 GHz
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Expanding Spectrum forUnlicensed at 5 GHz
• NPRM proposed to expand access to spectrum for unlicensed at 5 GHz• First R&O 3/31/14 ‐ Removed indoor‐only restriction & increased permitted power for U‐NII 1• Continuing to work on sharing in proposed U‐NII‐2B and U‐NII‐4
Previous Rules
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Implications for Wi‐Fi
Current 802.11ac and Potential New Usable Channels
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Ongoing Work
U‐NII‐2B (120 Megahertz)5350‐5470 MHz
• Sharing with federal plane/ship/terrestrial radars & earth exploration satellite
• US proposing to continue international work for WRC‐19
• Moving forward domestically• Work group established:
– FCC/NTIA/DoD/NASA– Considering IX protection studies &
developing ways to share– Evaluating sharing with
indoor low power/then outdoor high power
U‐NII – 4 (75 Megahertz) 5850‐5925 MHz
• Sharing with Dedicated Short Range Communications
– Vehicle to Vehicle– Vehicle to Infrastructure
• IEEE Tiger Team has been working on industry proposals
• FCC/NTIA/DoT collaborating• Considerations:
– Protect safety of life– Roads are everywhere– Wi‐Fi & DSRC are similar
• 21© 2015 Dynamic Spectrum Alliance
Model City Program
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Model City Program
• NTIA/FCC Model City Program for Demonstrating and Evaluating Advanced Wireless Spectrum Sharing Technologies
• Outgrowth of Report from President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST)
• April 15‐16 workshop explored concept, scope, governance, process, technical considerations and funding alternatives.
Some trade-offs to Consider
Urban Area:A “Real Test”but high risk
Remote Area:More limited demonstrationbut low risk
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Other “Sharing” Matters
• Proceeding on Globalstar”sproposed Terrestrial Low Power Service (TLPS)
• Development of LTE‐U initially planned for upper 5 GHz unlicensed bandhttp://www.3gpp.org/news‐events/3gpp‐news/1660‐laa_ieee
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The Future?
Autonomous devices that rely on sensing to access spectrum
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Potential solutions• Common sensor networks• Collaboration between devices• Multiple antennas / Smart antennas• New adaptive waveforms• Adaptive propagation models• Geographic / Topographic models
Issues• What signal level to sense for• How to measure• Hidden node problem• Spectrum policy• Enforcement
I DO WHAT I WANT(As long as it doesn’t cause
harmful interference)
How Do We Get There:Research and Development
• NTIA: Center for Advanced Communications / National Advanced Spectrum and Communications Test Network
• National Information Technology R&D (NITRD)/ Wireless Spectrum R&D (WSRD)– coordinate spectrum‐related research and development activities across the Federal government.– Has held seven workshops on various aspects of spectrum sharing
• National Science Foundation– Enhanced Access to Radio Spectrum (EARS)
• Defense Applied Research and Development Program: Radars• The Department of Defense (DOD)
– Established a Section 845 Other Transaction (OTA) agreement to develop and mature technologies and support policy development to enable advanced approaches to spectrum use
• Academic Work• Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySpan)• International Symposium on Advanced Radio Technologies (ISART)• And YOU!
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