Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System

Japan Radio Co LtdJapan Radio Co LtdJapan Radio Co., LtdJapan Radio Co., Ltd

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Based Technology of the RAGBased Technology of the RAG

JRC proposes a enhancement of the remote air to groundJRC proposes a enhancement of the remote air to ground system (RAG) for contributing a safety control of passenger planes at the local airport with a low cost and high performances of the aviation facilities.of the aviation facilities.

The proposed advanced remote air-ground (RAG) system based on the multilateration (MLAT) system consists of followingon the multilateration (MLAT) system consists of following systems;

i. Multilateration (MLAT) System ii. CCTV System iii Wi d Sh d Mi b t D t ti S tiii. Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System

(X-band Polarimetric Radar)iv. Meteorological Observation System (AWS)v. VHF Radio Communication System

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Advanced MLATAdvanced MLAT(Optically connected (Optically connected MultilaterationMultilateration System) System)

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Development Background of Advanced MLATDevelopment Background of Advanced MLAT1. It is expected that the realization of a safe and efficient aircraft operation through the

accurate and precise monitor of the aircraft and airport safety related service vehicles moving location at airport surface.

2. In monitor accurate and precise aircraft moving location, existing mechanically rotated primary radar (SMR) application has some issues such as the acquisition of the identification signal, performance degradation under the bad weather condition, airport surface coverage, and maintenance cost of continuously operating mechanicalsurface coverage, and maintenance cost of continuously operating mechanical components.

3. The introduction of ADS-B system is progressing in aircraft flight location surveillance field. But the deployment of the ADS-B has the challenge that required the SSR mode S, A C d i i i f h i fA, C transponder equipment provision for the aircraft.

4. The advanced MLAT was developed by Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB), Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI) and JRC. The advanced MLAT provides improved position and surveillance performance for aircraft which has SSR mode S A Cposition and surveillance performance for aircraft which has SSR mode S, A, C transponder provision, and it has compatibility with ADS-B system.

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Development Background of OPTIMUS MLAT

• Multilateration (MLAT) is a surveillance system of taxiing aircraft for runway, taxiway and apron

p g

taxiway and apron.• MLAT calculates aircraft positions using TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) of

received signals from SSR mode S, A, C, Transponder equipped on aircraft.• System performances of MLAT are sometimes degraded by multipath signals

reflected on terminal buildings, passenger boarding bridge, and so on.• ENRI and JRC has proposed advanced MLAT system, which has better immunity

to multipath interferences than conventional MLAT systems.

Multi‐path

Receiving Station

The multi‐path reflected from the control tower or terminal buildings at the airport is affected to

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or terminal buildings at the airport is affected to a measurement accuracy.

Time Different Of Arrival (TDOA) Method of Multilateration System

Description of the Advanced MLATDescription of the Advanced MLAT1. The advanced MLAT is configured by the SSR transponder signal receivers at several

sensor sites connected by optical fiber cables, centralized signal processing equipment, position calculation equipment, system performance monitor equipment, and display unit for the aircrafts and airport safety related service vehicles movement The system alsothe aircrafts and airport safety related service vehicles movement. The system also contains SSR interrogator transmitter.

2. Position of aircraft is calculated using multiple reply signals. The position information of the aircraft is displayed at the display unit for the person in charge of the operationaircraft is displayed at the display unit for the person in charge of the operation.

3. In addition, the advanced MLAT has transmitting equipments that emit both reference signal for system performance monitoring and mode S interrogation signal (roll call) for aircraft to improve the position data and to acquire additional information.p p q

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Mode S Squitter Signal

Strengthening against MultiStrengthening against Multi--path Processingpath ProcessingMode S Squitter Signal

Data bits sequencePreamble pulse

① To detect CH1 ①mode S squitter signal.

② To search a mode S squitter signal q garound CH1 within presetting time window.

③ To make a group 

Multi‐path Interference: undetected data

③ g pof the same mode S squitter signal of the time window. 

Presetting Time Window

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Configuration ComparisonCo gu a o Co pa so

RF（Optical）Advanced MLAT

RFRF Receiver, 

Signal Processing Unit〜〜

Ethernet

〜〜

〜〜〜〜

〜〜

C ti l RF

Target ProcessingUnit (Positioning)

Ti t D d d D t

Advanced MLAT has only one signal processing equipment〜〜

ConventionalMLAT

RF

Receiver,Signal Processing Unit

Time stamps, Decoded Data

Target Processing

〜〜

EthernetSignal Detection Time Measuring Data Decode

Target ProcessingUnit〜〜

Signal Detection, Time Measuring, Data Decode

〜〜

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Characteristics of the Advanced MLATCharacteristics of the Advanced MLAT1. Directly convert the RF signal to an optical signal, and transmit

to centralized signal processing equipment by optical fiber.

Characteristics of the Advanced MLATCharacteristics of the Advanced MLAT

g p g q p y p

2. Not require each receiving units to undertake so complicated time processing due to the centralized processing system.

3. Remarkably improve the detection probability through this processing scheme.

4. Employ optical power feeding instead of commercial power connection.

5 R li th t ith i l t d li ht i ht5. Realize the system with simple, smart and light-weight.

6. Reduce costs for initial construction, operation and maintenancemaintenance.

7. Conform to the ICAO standards and the EUROCAE requirements (e.g. Asterisk).q ( g )

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Features of the Advanced MLATFeatures of the Advanced MLAT Using the Radio over Fiber technology, received RF signals are directly converged on

the central processing equipment.

The centralized signal processing system adopts original algorithm to utilize un-decodable interfered signals which are usually discarded in conventional systemsdecodable interfered signals, which are usually discarded in conventional systems.

High performance and adjustable directional or omni-directional beam antenna is adopted. (Switchable 12 directional beam patterns)

Available for tracking aircraft around 30nm near the airport. (as same as ASR function)

RX7 RX2RX3

1RX8

RX1RX6

RX4

0ENRIIwanuma Branch

RX5Optical fiber network

RJSS/SDJSendai AirportLocation Accuracy : Less than 7 5mLocation Accuracy : Less than 7.5mReliability : Less than 95%Detection Rate (2 sec.) : 99.9% or more

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Advanced MLATAdvanced MLAT System ConfigurationSystem ConfigurationLight‐weight and low power 

Receiving station(production version)

Adjustable Directional or non‐directional beam Antenna. 

Very Low Consumption (lower than 0.5W) 「Optical Power Feeding」

No electric constructionNo battery

Receiver Station（RF → Opt）

Solar Panel

MLAT Antenna with GP

No battery

Receiving station(Experimental prototype)

Solar Panel

Logarithm

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(Experimental prototype) Logarithm detection

Performance of the Advanced MLATPerformance of the Advanced MLATPerformance of the Advanced MLATPerformance of the Advanced MLATFix Point Test Results

626 Vehicle Test Track Example

624

625

800

900Detection rate: 100% through all tracks

B-RWY3.98m

PositionAccuracy

622

623＋

700

619

620

621

500

600

B6-TWY11.9mSpot

Accuracy: 1.8m（95％ Confidence）

877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885619

400

C-TWY3.19m

8.90m

（95％ Confidence）○95％ Coverage 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

300 Low DOP Area

Test data provided by ENRI

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Conclusion Conclusion To support complicated traffic control services and a safe at

airport.airport.

To support surveillance around the airport as same as ASR.

T i ill d t i l i ibilit To improve surveillance data in low visibility.

To decrease aircraft taxi delay and reduce runway incursions.

To reduce an initial installation cost and maintenance cost.

To achieve low power consumption and flexible layout d i t i tdesign at airport.

The Advanced MLAT  which is to support the surveillance of ppaircraft at airports, and to reduce the load of the operator at the low visibility will contribute to the safety and efficiency operation of the local airport. 

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Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System

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Remote AirRemote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System

The Advanced Remote Air-Ground Service is one of the works of the Flight Service Center (FSC) for conducting a safety landing and taking off management of the local ( ) g y g g gairport in the territory of FSC based on MLAT system integrated with a runway and/or airport surveillance CCTV system controlled by MLAT, Air-Ground radio communication facility, Wind Shear detection system and meteorological observation system.

The RAG system can provide a direct communication between the air traffic controller and the aircraft which enables to receive an air traffic information around the airport, traffic control and getting approval of landing and taking offcontrol and getting approval of landing and taking off.

HATEROMA Local Airport Terminal (Japan) and Passenger Plane 15

Existing Remote AirExisting Remote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System

Wide Area Flight Service Works of FSC

(Functions of FSC)(Functions of FSC)

Flight Service Center (FSC)

Wide Area Flight Service Works of FSC

Providing an Air traffic information and Weather information to the air

ft

Volcanic information to the Flight Service Center (FSC).

craft.

Other Airport Support Works of FSC

Air Turbulence !!

Weather InformationCondition of AirportSurrounding traffic Info.Use Runway

Flight Service Center (FSC)

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Remote AirRemote Air--Ground (RAG) System in JapanGround (RAG) System in Japan

Naha FSC

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Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (ARAG) SystemGround (ARAG) System(Functions of FSC)(Functions of FSC)( )( )

MLAT System is able to collect a position of air craft around the airport within 30nm on upper air and on the ground, and other flight information.

The position data collected by MLAT is used to control CCTV cameras tracking of approaching and taking off air craft showing on the display in real time base that can be remotely supported aand taking off air craft showing on the display in real time base that can be remotely supported a safety landing and taking off from FSC.

The proposed advanced RAG System will be contributed an enhancement of the safety management of the local airport with a low cost.

Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (ARAG) SystemGround (ARAG) System(Functions of FSC)(Functions of FSC)( )( )

MLAT System is able to correspond between vehicles, such as patrol cars and MLAT in order to collect a position of the vehicle on the runway or taxiing way.

Th iti d t ll t d b MLAT i d t t l CCTV t ki f th The position data collected by MLAT is used to control CCTV cameras tracking of the vehicle and showing on the display in real time base that can be remotely supported a safety management of the local airport from FSC.

The proposed advanced RAG System will be contributed to avoid an accident caused The proposed advanced RAG System will be contributed to avoid an accident caused by human error at the local airport with a low cost.

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ARAG System Based on MLATARAG System Based on MLAT(Test System at Sendai Airport)(Test System at Sendai Airport)(Test System at Sendai Airport)(Test System at Sendai Airport)

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Advanced RAG System ConfigurationAdvanced RAG System Configuration(Local Airport Safety Management System)(Local Airport Safety Management System)(Local Airport Safety Management System)(Local Airport Safety Management System)

Weather Info., CCTV & Vice Record Server

Data

Meteorological Sensors

(Fli ht I f (VHF R di

MLATDual Polarization X-band Radar

CCTV

CCTV

IP Converter

IP Converter

Data Logger(Flight Info.

Terminal)(VHF Radio Terminal)

Aircraft PositionDisplayWeather/Radar

Information

Router RouterSwitch Switch VHF Air-groundTransceiver

Operation Terminal

VPN Network

Firewall Firewall

Local AirportFlight Service CenterFlight Service Center Local Airport

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ConclusionConclusion (Advanced RAG System)(Advanced RAG System)

Th d d RAG S i ll d d f f i f The advanced RAG System is really needed for safety operation for the local airport such as no airtraffic controller airport.

The advanced RAG System will be remotely supported a safety y y pp ylanding and taking off from FSC.

The proposed RAG System will be contributed an enhancement of the safety management of the local airport with a low costthe safety management of the local airport with a low cost.

The RAG System really Contributes the The RAG System really Contributes the S f d Effi i O i hS f d Effi i O i hSafety and Efficient Operation at the Safety and Efficient Operation at the Local Airport.Local Airport.

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Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)

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Fear of the Downdraft and Wind Shear to the Civil Aviation PilotsFear of the Downdraft and Wind Shear to the Civil Aviation Pilots

It is the most dangerous situation for the civil aviation pilot when taking off and landing under thedowndraft leading to a serious accident.

During a wind shear situation, the effects can be subtle or very dramatic depending on wind speedand direction of change. For example, a tailwind that quickly changes to a headwind will cause anincrease in airspeed and performance. Conversely, when a headwind changes to a tailwind, theairspeed will rapidly decrease and there will be a corresponding decrease in performance In eitherairspeed will rapidly decrease and there will be a corresponding decrease in performance. In eithercase, a pilot must be prepared to react immediately to the changes to maintain control of theaircraft.

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Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)(( ))

JRC has been developing the wind shear detection radar since 1970’s. The state-of-the-arttechnology of the dual polarization X-band radar is able to produce not only reflective factor ZH(The rainfall intensity is computed using a predetermined R- ZH relationship. ) but also( y p g p H p )Differential reflectivity ZDR , Specific differential phase KDP and Doppler components of theradar echo associated to a volume of nonspherical raindrops that is moving under the effect offall speed, wind, and turbulence. Detailed of the physical environment, the dual polarization X-band radar can provide useful information for the impact of wind shear and microburstband radar can provide useful information for the impact of wind shear and microburst.

Example display:Detected a microburst

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(Signal Flow)(Signal Flow)(Signal Flow)(Signal Flow)

Go Around !

Warning!Warning!Mi b tMi b t

Microburst

MicroburstMicroburst

Issues of Warning Message

Detection of a Microburst by the Dual Polarization Radar

Inform to the Pilot to

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Inform to the Pilot to avoid incident

Configuration and Output ProductsConfiguration and Output Products(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)

Antenna Radome

Radar Work Station

Radar Data Processor

Communication Network

Firewall Firewall

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Station Processor

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)(( ))

Items Specifications RemarksTransmitting Frequency 9.4GHz X-band

Surveillance Range ≧50㎞ The surveillance range is determined by a height of center beam as 1km and a distance about 50km.

Wind Shear Observation Range ≧10㎞ As a guideline of the wind shear information within 9km from the airport is announced in case of the wind shear is expected to 1,600 ft altitude (about 490m) below, or wind shear is observed 3,000 ft altitude ( b t 910 ) b l （JAPAN)(about 910m) below. （JAPAN)

Observation Mode Airspace modeTo observe the microburst of airport area and echo intensity of airspace area, the degree of disturbance and distribution of shear line.a d d st but o o s ea eAirport modeTo observe the low-line wind shear of the airport area.

Observation Interval Within 1minute

Target downburst detection diameter

500m

Resolution 250m (orientation distance width at 9km)

Observed altitude split width 500m CAPPI processing

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Observed altitude split width 500m CAPPI processing

Observed maximum wind speed 50m/s

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(System Configuration)(System Configuration)

LightningAll-in-one

Radar Sensor

(System Configuration)(System Configuration)

Lightning Protection

Radar Sensor

Radar Workstation

GPS Receiver

HUBMedia C t NTP 

ServerHUBConverter

Optical Cable Router

RadomeMounting

VPN (Internet) or

UPS (1kVA)Commercial PowerAC100～240V

(Internet) orUser Network

Building Earth Terminal

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(Power Saving SSPA)(Power Saving SSPA)

Items Description

(Power Saving SSPA)(Power Saving SSPA)

Items Description

Derating of the SSPA (Solid-state Power Amplifier)

DurabilityMaximum Output Power: 200 W

Operating Output Power: 125 Wp g p

Derating: Approx. 62.5%

≤ 450 VA @100 230 VAC 50/60 HPower Saving

≤ 450 VA, @100 - 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz

≤ 1 kVA for Radar Site System

Easy Handlingfor Maintenance

Low Voltage DC Power Supply such as 12V - 24V

Small and Light Weight Unit of the SSPA

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(Long Life Design)(Long Life Design)(Long Life Design)(Long Life Design)

Equipment / Unit Description

Antenna / Controller Grease Sealed Reduction Gear (Expected Life: 10 years)

Sealed Bearing (Expected Life: 10 years)

Sealed Slip-rings (Expected Life: 10 years)

Environment-Responsive Type Servo Motor & Servo Driver

Transmitter / Receiver Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA)

Output Power DeratingOutput Power Derating

Fan-less Cooling

Others Solid State RelayOthers Solid State Relay

Long Life Fan (Expected Life: 10 years)

Optical Cable & Connectorp

No Operation Panel, No Fuse, No Lamp

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System(JRC Solid(JRC Solid--statestate Compact Radar MODEL:JMACompact Radar MODEL:JMA--912912))

●Futures

(JRC Solid(JRC Solid statestate Compact Radar MODEL:JMACompact Radar MODEL:JMA 912912))

• X-band polarimetric radar

• Fully solid state technology

L f 80 k ith hi h l ti f 150• Large coverage area of 80 km with a high resolution of 150m

• High accuracy and high sensitivity rainfall sensor

• Compact and lightweight of φ1 2 m antenna system built in• Compact and lightweight of φ1.2 m antenna system, built-in

all radar sensors.

• Low transmission power of 125 W for anti-mutual-interference• Low transmission power of 125 W for anti-mutual-interference

• Narrow occupied frequency bandwidth of 4 MHz

• Low power consumption of 450 VA Low power consumption of 450 VA,

• Higher reliability and performance, and low maintenance cost

ConclusionConclusion (Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)(Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)ConclusionConclusion (Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)(Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)

Th Wi d Sh d Mi b t D t ti S t i ll d d f th l l The Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System is really needed for the local airport for safety landing and taking off.

The proposed Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System will be contributed an enhancement of the safety management of the local airport for detection or alert of the wind shear or microburst from thunderstorms.

The proposed Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System will be low cost and low maintenance cost, long life span (15 years or more), high performances and easy operation using advanced ICT technology.

The System really Contributes the The System really Contributes the S f d Effi i O i hS f d Effi i O i hSafety and Efficient Operation at the Safety and Efficient Operation at the Local Airport.Local Airport.

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Thank you for your kind attention!Thank you for your kind attention!

Presented by Shuichi InouePresented by Shuichi Inoue

General ManagerGeneral ManagerSolution Business Planning DepartmentSolution Business Planning DepartmentJapan Radio Co., LtdJapan Radio Co., Ltd

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