A.Klirfg RBaraoM.Nakagawa L.Tavora RVaz (Eds.)

Advanced Monte Carlofor Radiation Physics,Particle Transport Simulationand ApplicationsProceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference,Lisbon, 23-26 October 2000

With 548 Figures and CD-ROM

Springer

Contents

Plenary Talks

Some Random Thoughts on Monte Carlo Electronand Photon TransportA.F. Bielajew 1

Remarkable Moments in the History of Neutron TransportMonte Carlo MethodsI. Lux 7

Hadronic Monte Carlo Transport: A Very Personal ViewR.E. Prael 17

Highlights of Hadronic Sessions, Speculationsand Perspective ViewsD. Filges, W. Gudowski 21

Session Electron-Gamma I: Electron Interaction Physics / ElectronTransport Mechanics

Analog Electron Physics. Interaction Cross-SectionsF. Salvat, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, S. Segui 27

Modelling the Generalized Oscillator Strengthfor Low-Energy Electron or Positron Inelastic ScatteringD. Liljequist, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, F. Salvat 33

Low-Energy Electron Scattering in Solids — a Monte CarloApproachH.-J. Fitting, J.-Ch. Ruhr 39

Monte Carlo Simulation of Few-keV Positrons Penetratingin SolidsM. Dapor, A. Miotello 43

A "Transport" Condensed History MethodE. W. Larsen, D.R. Tolar, Jr 49

Contents

Session Electron-Gamma II: Photon InteractionPhysics / Applications I

A Half Century of Monte Carlo, from Slide Rule and MechanicalDesk Calculator to the Laptop SupercomputerJ.H. Hubbell, S.M. Seltzer 55

Comparison of EGS4 and Measurements Regarding K-X rayand Bremsstrahlung PhotonsY. Namito, H. Hirayama 63

EGS4 Modelling of Coherent Scattering in the Biological ContextA. Taibi, A. Tartari, M. Gambaccini 69

Implementation of the Anomalous Dispersionof Rayleigh Scattered Photons in EGS4 CodeC. Baraldi, E. Casnati, G. Di Domenico, A. Tartari 75

Backscattering from Gold Irradiated with 15-40 keV PhotonsN. Nariyama 81

Monte Carlo Polarimetric Efficiency Simulationsfor a Single Monolithic CdTe Thick MatrixR.M. Curado da Silva, M. Hage-Ali, E. Caroli, P. Siffert, J.B. Stephen . 87

Simulations for X-Ray Synchrotron BeamsUsing the EGS4 Code System in Medical ApplicationsI. Orion, F.A. Dilmanian, Z. Zhong, A.B. Rosenfeld, A. Henn, I. Sagi,L. Pena 93

Session Electron-Gamma III: Applications II

Applications of Monte Carlo Code to a Study of Gamma-RayBuildup Factors, Skyshine and Duct StreamingH. Hirayama 99

Simulation of X-ray Spectra Generatedby Kilovolt-Electron BombardmentJ.M. Ferndndez-Varea, X. Llovet, E. Acosta, E. Benedito, F. Salvat . . . . 105

Particle Transport in Inhomogeneous MediaJ. Tickner I l l

Fast Simulation of X-ray Transition Radiationin the GEANT4 ToolkitV.M. Grichine 117

Contents XI

Optimization of a Tunable Quasi-Monochromatic X-ray Sourcefor Cell-IrradiationsW. Neubert, W. Enghardt, U. Lehnert, E. Mutter, B. Naumann,A. Panteleeva, J. Pawelke 123

Session Electron—Gamma IV: Status of General Purpose Codes

Electron Photon Shower Simulation in TRIPOLI-4 Monte CarloCodeY. Peneliau 129

The EGSnrc System, a Status Report/. Kawrakow, D. W. 0. Rogers 135

Status of MARS Electromagnetic PhysicsO.E. Krivosheev, N. V. Mokhov 141

Status of PENELOPEJ. Sempau, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, F. Salvat, E. Benedito, M. Dingfelder,H. Oulad ben Tahar, X. Llovet, E. Acosta, A. Sanchez-Reyes, J. Asenjo 147

Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics5. Chauvie, V. Grichine, P. Gurnplinger, V. Ivanchenko, R. Kokoulin,S. Magni, M. Maire, P. Nieminen, M.G. Pia, A. Rybin, L. Urban(on behalf of the Geant4 Collaboration) 153

Electron-Photon Transport in FLUKA: StatusA. Fasso, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala 159

Session Electron-Gamma V: Generation of Random Numbers,Variance Reduction

Random, Quasirandom and Hybrid Methodsfor Transport ProblemsJ. Spanier 165

On the Use of Antithetic VariatesM.S. Milgram 175

Adjoint Monte Carlo Simulationof Fixed-Energy Secondary RadiationN.M. Borisov, M.P. Panin 181

Symmetry-Based Variance ReductionApplied to 60Co Teletherapy Unit Monte Carlo SimulationsD. Sheikh-Bagheri 187

XII Contents

Importance Biasing Quality CriterionBased on Contribution Response TheoryN.M. Borisov, M.P. Panin 193

Calculations of Electron Deep PenetrationUsing the Method of Trajectory RotationV. Moskvin, L. Papiez, T. Tabata, I.J. Das 199

Session Electron-Gamma VI: Application in Medical Physics,Dose Calculation

The Impact of Monte Carlo Dose Calculationson Intensity-Modulated Radiation TherapyJ.V. Siebers, P.J. Keall, R. Mohan 205

PC-Based Process Distribution to Solve Iterative Monte CarloSimulations in Physical DosimetryA. Leal, F. Sanchez-Doblado, M. Perucha, M. Rincon, R. Arrans,C. Bernal, E. Carrasco 211

Inverse Treatment Planning for Radiation TherapyBased on Fast Monte Carlo Dose CalculationM. Fippel, M. Alber, M. Birkner, W. Laub, F. Nusslin, I. Kawrakow ... 217

Macro Monte Carlo: Clinical Implementationin a Distributed Computing EnvironmentH. Neuenschwander, W. Volken, D. Frei, C. Cris, E. Born, R. Mini ... 223

VMC + + , Electron and Photon Monte Carlo CalculationsOptimized for Radiation Treatment Planning/. Kawrakow 229

Session Electron—Gamma VII: Microdosimetry, Track Structure,Radiobiological Modeling

The Track Structure of Photons, Electrons and a-Particlesfrom the Point of View of the Formation of Ionization ClustersB. Grosswendt 237

Track Structure in Molecular Radiation BiologyH. Nikjoo, S. Uehara, I.K. Khvostunov, F.A. Cucinotta 251

Analogue Monte Carlo to Model Radiation-InducedDNA DamageM. Terrissol, J. M. Vrigneaud 261

Contents XIII

Basic Data for Track Structure Simulations:Electron Interaction Cross-Sections in Liquid WaterM. Dingfelder, W. Friedland 267

Inelastic Cross-Sections for Use in Monte Carlo Track StructureCodesD. Emfietzoglou 273

Modelling Ultrasoft X-ray Effects on DNAM. Terrissol, J.M. Vrigneaud 279

Radiobiological Modeling in Voxel ConstructsR.D. Stewart, R.J. Traub 285

Session Electron-Gamma VIII: Monte Carlo in RadiotherapyDosimetry, Monte Carlo Simulation of Medical Accelerators

Monte Carlo Techniques for Primary Standardsof Ionizing Radiatiotiand for Dosimetry ProtocolsD.W.O. Rogers , 291

Absorbed Dose Conversion Factorsfor Megavoltage Photon BeamsR. Nutbrown, S. Duane, D. Shipley, R. Thomas 299

Is the Spencer—Attix Cavity Equation Applicablefor Solid-State Detectors Irradiatedin Megavoltage Electron Beams?P.N. Mobit, G.A. Sandison 305

Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Beams for Radiotherapy -EGS4, MCNP4b and GEANT3 IntercomparisonA. Trindade, P. Rodrigues, C. Alves, A. Chaves, M.C. Lopes, C. Oliveira,L. Peralta , 311

Evaluation of a 50-MV Photon Therapy Beamfrom a Racetrack Microtron Using MCNP4B Monte Carlo Code/. Gudowska, B. Sorcini, R. Svensson 317

Energy Spectra and Dose Distributions of a Medical LinearElectron Accelerator Simulated with BEAM/EGS4 and MCNPD. Albers, F. Cremers, I. Eggers, M. Todorovic, R. Schmidt 323

Monte Carlo Simulation of an Arc Therapy Treatmentby Means of a PC Distribution ModelA. Leal, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, M. Perucha, M. Rincon, R. Arrdns,C. Bernal, E. Carrasco 329

XIV Contents

Session Electron-Gamma IX: Applications III

Analysis of the Influence of the Radial Displacementof the Source in the Simulation of Ge-Detector CalibrationUsing MCNP CodeJ. Rodenas, A. Martinavarro, V. Rius 333

Monte Carlo Simulations of Photon Field Characteristicsfor In Situ Gamma Spectrometry ApplicationsJ. Kluson 339

Visual Monte Carlo and Its Application to Internal and ExternalDosimetryJ.G. Hunt, F.C. da Silva, D. de Souza-Santos, I. Malatova, S. Foltanova,B.M. Dantas, A. Azeredo, M. Isakson 345

Monte Carlo Simulation of Mammography X-ray Units:a Comparison Between Different Electron Extensions of the EGS4Code SystemM. Marziani, M. Gambaccini, L.M.N. Tdvora, A. Taibi 351

Session Electron-Gamma X: Applications IV

The Use of MCNP in Flash Radiographic Applications at AWES. Quillin, I. Crotch, S. McAlpin, J. O'Malley 357

Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Measurementof Electron Reflection from SolidsV. Stary 369

Low-Energy Electron Response of CsI(Tl) and BGOA. Martinez-Ddvalos, J.M. Lopez-Robles 377

Monte Carlo Estimate to Improve Photon Energy SpectrumReconstruction5. Sawchuk 383

Monte Carlo Simulations on Rough and Porous AluminaL. Sorbier, E. Rosenberg, C. Merlet 389

Simulation of the Response Function of an Amorphous SiliconFlat-Panel ArrayF. Cremers, C. Kausch, D. Albers, M. Todorovic, R. Schmidt 395

Space Applications of the Geant4 Simulation ToolkitE. Daly, H. Evans, F. Lei, F. Longo, S. Magni, R. Nartallo, P. Nieminen,M.G. Pia, P.R. Truscott 401

Contents XV

Session Electron—Gamma P: Miscellaneous Topics

Introduction of the Muonic and Cerenkov Effectsin the EGS4 CodeE. Duverger, A. Mishev, R.I. Gschwind, L. Makovicka, J. Stamenov.... 407

Spectrum Shape Analysis Applied to Radioactive WasteGamma-Ray SpectroscopyB. Perot, J.-L. Artaud, B. Chabalier, J. Misraki, P. Chany 413

Assessment of a Compton Suppression Spectrometerfor the Measurement of Medium- and High-LevelRadioactive Waste PackagesJ.-L. Artaud, B. Perot, B. Chabalier, H. Toubon 419

The Degradation of the Energy of Primary Photons Describedthrough the EntropyA.D. Oliveira, J.J. Pedroso de Lima 425

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Conversion Electron Scatteringin Targets for the Synthesis of Superheavy ElementsA. Spalek, 0. Dragoun 431

Monte Carlo Simulations on a 9-node PC ClusterJ. Gouriou 437

Application of Numerical Phantoms and MCNP Calculationfor In Vivo CalibrationD. Franck, N.M. Borisov, L. Laval 443

Use of Monte Carlo Methodin Support of Medical Applications of RadiationN. Cerullo, G. Curzio, G. Daquino, A. Mariani 449

Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy OptimizationUsing the Monte Carlo MethodM. Rosetti, M. Benassi, V. Bruzzaniti, A. Bufacchi, M. D'Andrea 455

Coupling Photon Monte Carlo Simulation and CAD Software.Application to X-ray Nondestructive EvaluationJ. Tabary, A. Gliere 461

Dose Rate Calculations from Radioactive Vascular Stents:DPK Versus Exact MC Approach5. Gorodkov, A. Moslang, P. Vladimirov 467

Dosimetric Study of a Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy SourceM. Rodriguez- Villafuerte, S. Arzamendi, R. Diaz-Perches 473

XVI Contents

Electron Transport Simulation in the Range 1 keV-4 MeVfor the Purpose of High-Resolution Dosimetric ApplicationV. Cobut, L. Cirioni, J.P. Patau 479

Shield Optimization for X-rays Using the Monte Carlo MethodCombined with Analytical CalculationZhang Dian-hui, Huang Liu-xing, Niu Sheng-li 483

MCNP Analytical Models of a Calibration Head Phantomfor Bone-Seeker Nuclides In Vivo MeasurementsG. Gualdrini, P. Ferrari, P. Battisti, P. De Felice, L. Pierotti 489

Monte Carlo Studies of the Portuguese Gamma IrradiationFacility. The Irradiator Geometry and Its Influenceon Process ParametersC. Oliveira, L. Ferreira, J. Salgado 497

Multiple Scattering in GEANT4. A Comparisonwith Molifere Theory and L3 Detector DataP. Arce, M. Maire, L. Urban, M. Wadhwa 503

On the Use of CAD Geometry for Monte Carlo ParticleTransportH. Tsige-Tamirat 511

Analysis of the Simulation of Ge-Detector Calibrationfor Environmental Radioactive Samples in a MarinelliBeaker Source Using the Monte Carlo MethodJ. Rodenas, J. Ortiz, L. Ballesteros, V. Serradell 517

Simulation of a 32P Sourcewire and a 90Sr/90Y SourcetrainUsing MCNP4b and EGS4M. Todorovic, F. Cremers, D. Albers, R. Schmidt 523

Monte Carlo Simulations for the Estimation of Dose RatesDuring Handling of Spent Fuel at the Portuguese ResearchReactorA. Kling, J.G. Marques, A.J.G. Ramalho 529

Photoelectron Collection Efficiency in Rare Gases:A Monte Carlo StudyP.J.B.M. Rachinhas, J.A.M. Lopes, T.H.V.T. Dias, F.P. Santos,C.A.N. Conde, A.D. Stauffer 535

Medical Applications of the Geant4 ToolkitS. Agostinelli, S. Chauvie, F. Foppiano, S. Garelli, F. Marchetto,M.G. Pia, P. Nieminen, V. Rolando, A. Solano 543

Contents XVII

Effect of Voxel Size on Monte Carlo Dose Calculationsfor Radiotherapy Treatment PlanningG. Moras T. Pawlicki, A. Maio, C.-M. Ma 549

Monte Carlo Physical Dosimetry for Small Photon BeamsM. Perucha, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, M. Rincon, A. Leal, L. Nunez, R. Arrdns,E. Carrasco, J.A. Sanchez-Calzado, L. Errazquin 555

Monte Carlo Dose Distributions for RadiosurgeryM. Perucha, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, A. Leal, M. Rincon, L. Nunez, R. Arrdns,E. Carrasco, B. Sdnchez-Nieto, J.A. Sdnchez-Calzado, L. Errazquin . . . . 561

Monte Carlo Conformal Treatment Planningas an Independent AssessmentM. Rincon, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, A. Leal, M. Perucha, R. Arrdns,J.C. Medrano, E. Carrasco, J.A. Sdnchez-Calzado, L. Errazquin 565

Modelling of Multiple Scattering Distributionsby Mixture ModelsR. Friihwirth, M. Regler 571

Radiative Transport in Multiple Scattering MediaE.J.N. Pereira, J.M.G. Martinho, M.N. Berberan-Santos 577

Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methodsin Radiotherapy Treatment PlanningR.P. Hugtenburg 583

Session Neutron-Gamma I: Theory and Methods

Research Themes of Broad Transport ApplicabilityJ. Spanier 589

Response Decomposition with Monte Carlo Correlated CouplingT. Ueki, J.E. Hoogenboom, J.L. Kloosterman 597

The Geometrical Sensitivity Option in MCBENDT. Shuttleworth 603

An Alternative Monte Carlo Method for the fc-Eigenfunction?T.E. Booth 609

Continuous Energy Adjoint Monte Carlofor Coupled Neutron-Photon TransportJ.E. Hoogenboom 613

Application of A3MCNP™ to Radiation Shielding ProblemsA. Haghighat, J. C. Wagner 619

XVIII Contents

Session Neutron-Gamma II: Code Status

Status of JAERI's Monte Carlo Code MVPfor Neutron and Photon Transport ProblemsT. Mori, K. Okumura, Y. Nagaya 625

Current Status of the Oak Ridge Monte Carlo Codes:MORSE/SAS4 and KENOM.B. Emmett, D.F. Hollenbach 631

The Current Status and Future Plans for the Monte Carlo CodesMONK and MCBENDN. Smith, T. Shuttleworth, M. Grimstone, L. Hutton, M. Armishaw,A. Bird, N. France, S. Connolly 637

MCNP Capabilities at the Dawn of the 21st Century:Neutron-Gamma ApplicationsE.C. Selcow, G.W. McKinney, T.E. Booth, J.F. Briesmeister, L.J. Cox,R.A. Forster, J.S. Hendricks, R.D. Mosteller, R.E. Prael, A. Sood,S. W. White 643

TRIPOLI-3: A Neutron/Photon Monte Carlo Transport CodeJ. C. Nimal, T. Vergnaud 651

Session Neutron-Gamma III: Physics and Data

Modern Nuclear Data for Monte Carlo CodesR.C. Little, S.C. Frankle, M.C. White, R.E. MacFarlane, Ch.J. Werner,J.M. Campbell 657

The MCNP Code in Planning and Interpretationof Thermal Neutron Pulsed ExperimentsJ. Dabrowska, K. Drozdowicz, U. Woznicka 663

Modelling Detector Responses to Neutrons Using MCNPJ. Tickner 669

Simulation of Thermal Neutron Transport Processes Directlyfrom the Evaluated Nuclear Data FilesP.A. Androsenko, M.R. Malkov 675

Influence of the Photoneutrons on the Kinetics of the BerylliumReflected Core of the Budapest Research ReactorG. Hordosy, A. Kereszturi, P. Vertes, Cs. Hegedus 681

Contents XIX

Session Neutron-Gamma IV: Algorithms and Computational Science

Variance Reduction with Multiple ResponsesK. W. Burn, G. Gualdrini, E. Nava 687

Use of a Hybrid Monte Carlo Technique for Power ShapeCalculationsL. Hutton, N.R. Smith 697

Eigenvalue Uncertainty Evaluation in MC Calculations,Using Time Series Methodologies0. Jacquet, R. Chajari, X. Bay, A. Noun, L. Carraro 703

Development and Comparison of Monte Carlo TechniquesImplemented in the MORET4 Code for the Calculationof Loosely Coupled SystemsJ. Miss, 0. Jacquet, A. Nouri 711

Session Neutron-Gamma V: Experiments and Measurements

Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Assessmentin Applied Monte Carlo Particle TransportB.R.L. Siebert 719

Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Nuclear CriticalitySafety Using KENO in the SCALE Code SystemB. T. Rearden 725

Monte Carlo Characterisation of the Radiation Fieldin the Thermal Column of the Portuguese Research ReactorA. Fernandes, A. Vieira, I.C. Gongalves, A. Ramalho 731

Fission Rate Analysis of a Fast Reactor Fuel Performance TestUsing MCNPT. Sekine, T. Aoyama , 737

Benchmarking Monte Carlo Codes for Criticality SafetyUsing Subcritical MeasurementsT. Valentine 743

Session Neutron-Gamma VI: Applications

Review of Industrial and Medical Applications that UtilizeCoupled Neutron-Photon Monte Carlo TransportT. Goorley 749

XX Contents

MCNP Calculations for the Shielding Design of a Beam Tubeto Be Installed at the Portuguese Research ReactorI.F. Gongalves, A.G. Ramalho, I.C. Goncalves, J. Salgado 755

Monte Carlo Applications in Fusion NeutronicsU. Fischer 761

MCNP Simulation of Void Reactivityin a Simplified CANDU Core Sub-regionF. Rahnema, S. Mosher, M. Pitts, P. Akhtar, D. Serghiuta 767

Monte Carlo Simulation of Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometryfor Underwater SurfacesM. Maucec, P.H.G.M. Hendriks, R.J. de Meijer 773

Monte Carlo Modelling of the Belgian Materials Testing ReactorBR2: Present StatusB. Verboomen, A. Beeckmans de West-Meerbeeck, Th. Aoust,Ch. De Raedt 779

Session Neutron—Gamma VII: Benchmarks

Benchmark for a 3D Monte Carlo Boiling Water Reactor FluenceComputational Package - MF3DS. Sitaraman, R.-T. Chiang, K. Asano, K. Koyabu 785

Intercomparison of Monte Carlo and SAT SensitivityCalculations for a 14 MeV Neutron BenchmarkU. Fischer, I. Kodeli, C. Konno, R.L. Perel 791

Comparison of Snyder Head Phantom Models Usedfor Neutron Capture Therapy Benchmark Monte CarloDosimetry CalculationsT. Goorley, W.S. Kiger III, R. Zamenhof 797

Monte Carlo Modeling of Fast Sub-critical Assemblywith MOX Fuel for Research of Accelerator-Driven SystemsA. Polanski, V. Barashenkov, I. Puzynin, I. Rakhno, A. Sissakian 803

Evaluation of CRISTO II Storage Arrays Benchmarkwith TRIPOLI-4.2 Criticality CalculationsY.K. Lee 809

Session Neutron-Gamma VIII: Graphics and Analysis

Current State of Monte Carlo Visualization ToolsR. Schwarz, L. Carter 815

Contents XXI

Conceptual Designing of a Reduced Moderation PressurizedWater Reactor by Use of MVP and MVP-BURNT. Kugo 821

The Role of Graphical Supporting Tools for Monte CarloAnalysisM. Armishaw, A. Bird, H. Crofts, N. Smith 827

Simulating Variable Source Problems via Post Processingof Individual Particle TalliesD.L. Bleuel, R.J. Donahue, B.A. Ludewigt, J. Vujic 833

MCNP Modelling of HTGR Pebble-Type FuelZ. Karriem, C. Stoker, F. Reitsma 841

Session Neutron—Gamma P: Miscellaneous Topics

Universal Approach for ADS Blanket CalculationsUsing the Monte Carlo MethodV. V. Korobeinikov 847

Monte Carlo Depletion Analysis of a PWR Integral FuelBurnable Absorber by MCNAPH.J. Shim, C.S. Jang, C.H. Kim 851

Application of Biasing Optimization Techniques to Monte CarloShielding Analysis of a Transport CaskS. Mitake, 0. Sato, H. Tsunoda 859

Improvement and Benchmarking of the New Shutdown DoseEstimation Method by Monte Carlo CodeL. Petrizzi, H. Iida, D. Valenza, P. Batistoni 865

Monte Carlo Simulation of Neutron and Photon Transportwith Direct Utilization of Information from EvaluatedNuclear Data FilesP.A. Androsenko, D.L. Joloudov, A. V. Kompaniyets 871

Application of MCNP-Based Software Package MF3Dfor BWR Radiation Damage ComputationsR-T. Chiang, S. Sitaraman, K. Asano, K. Koyabu 877

Why Do We Need TARGET?D. Schlegel, S. Guldbakke 881

Noise Method for Monitoring the Subcriticalityin Accelerator-Driven SystemsY. Rugama, J.L. Munoz-Cobo, T.E. Valentine 887

XXII Contents

Sediment-Density Dependency of Natural Gamma Ray Spectrain a Borehole GeometryP.H.G.M. Hendriks, M. Maucec, R.J. de Meijer 893

Some Experimental and Monte Carlo Investigationsof the Plastic Scintillators for the Current ModeMeasurements at Pulsed Neutron SourcesA. Rogov, Yu. Pepyolyshev, M. Carta, A. d'Angelo 899

Feasibility Study of Non-Radioactive Tracers for MonitoringInjected Water in Oil ReservoirsH. Sawamura, K. Nishimura, H. Mituishi, T. Muta, J. S. Schweitzer.... 905

Neutronics and Shielding Analysis of an IgnitorS. Rollet, M. Rapisarda 911

Monte Carlo Calculations for Neutron and Gamma RadiationFields on a Fast Neutron Irradiation DeviceA. Vieira, A. Ramalho, I.C. Goncalves, A. Fernandes, N. Barradas,J. G. Marques, J. Prata, Ch. Chaussy 919

Shielding Assessment of the MYRRHA Accelerator-DrivenSystem Using the MCNP CodeM. Coeck, Th. Aoust, F. Vermeersch, A. Abderrahim 925

Numerical Tests for the Problem of U—Pu Fuel Burnupin Fuel Rod and Polycell Models Using the MCNP CodeV. G. Muratov, A. V. Lopatkin 931

Session Hadronic I: Hadron Code Review

The HERMES Monte Carlo Program System: a Versatile Toolfor Spallation Physics and Detector ApplicationsD. Filges, R.-D. Neef, H. Schaal, G. Sterzenbach 937

MARS Code StatusN. V. Mokhov, O.E. Krivosheev 943

Present Status of Nucleon-Meson Transport CodeNMTC/JAERIH. Takada, S. Meigo, K. Niita 949

FLUKA: Status and Prospects for Hadronic ApplicationsA. Fassd, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sola, J. Ranft 955

Contents XXIII

Status of the MCNPX Transport CodeH.G. Hughes, M.B. Chadwick, R.K. Corzine, H.W. Egdorf, F.X. Gallmeier,R.C. Little, R.E. MacFarlane, S.G. Mashnik, E.J. Pitcher, R.E. Prael,A.J. Sierk, E.C. Snow, L.S. Waters, M.C. White, P.G. Young 961

Session Hadronic II: Physics Model Calculationsand Data Compilation

Physics Models and Nuclear Data Evaluations for EnhancedMonte Carlo TransportM.B. Chadwick, H.G. Hughes, R.C. Little, E.J. Pitcher, P.G. Young ... 967

Development of Heavy Ion Transport Monte Carlo CodeH. Iwase, T. Kurosawa, T. Nakamura, N. Yoshizawa, J. Funabiki 973

Baryon Stopping in High-Energy Collisionsin the DPMJET-III ModelJ. Ranft, R. Engel, S. Roesler 979

Session Hadronic III: Applications I

Muons and Neutrinos at High-Energy AcceleratorsN. Mokhov, S. Striganov, A. Van Ginneken 985

Utilization of Monte Carlo Calculations in Radiation TransportAnalyses to Support the Design of the U.S. Spallation NeutronSource (SNS)J. 0. Johnson 991

Deep Penetration Monte Carlo Calculationsfor the European Spallation Source ESSI. Koprivnikar, E. Schachinger 997

Validation of MC Models of Spallation Reactionsin Thin and Thick Targets in the GeV RangeF. Goldenbaum, M. Enke, D. Filges, J. Galin, C.-M. Herbach, D. Hilscher,U. Jahnke, A. Letourneau, B. Lott, R.-D. Neef, K. Nunighoff, N. Paul,A. Peghaire, L. Pienkowski, H. Schaal, U. Schroder, G. Sterzenbach,A. Tietze, V. Tishchenko, J. Toke, M. Wohlmuther 1003

Design and Effects of the Proton Windowof the Spallation Neutron SourceF.C. Difilippo 1009

XXIV Contents

Application of the EA-MC Code Packageto the Design of Accelerator-Driven SystemsY. Kadi 1015

Session Hadronic IV: Physics Models for Monte Carlo Codes

Hadronic Collisions: Physics, Models and Event GeneratorsJ. Ranft 1021

Modelling Hadronic InteractionsJ.P. Wellisch 1027

The Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-IIIS. Roesler, R. Engel, J. Ranft 1033

Object-Oriented Approach to Preequilibrium and EquilibriumDecays in Geant4V. Lara 1039

The GEM Code - the Generalized Evaporation Modeland the Fission ModelS. Furihata 1045

Session Hadronic V: Applications II

Application of Monte Carlo to Proton Beam Radiation TherapyJ. V. Siebers 1051

Monte Carlo Analysis of Correlation of Displacement DamageDue to Neutrons, Protons, Electrons and Gamma Rayin Microelectronic DevicesHuang Liu Xing, Chen Shi Bin, Chen Yu Sheng 1057

Monte Carlo Simulations of Neutral Gasand Fast Ion Dynamics in GDT ExperimentsK. Noack 1063

Treatment Planning for Carbon Ion RadiotherapyM. Kramer, 0. Jdkel, T. Haberer, G. Kraft, D. Schardt, D. Scholz,U. Weber 1069

Neutron Shielding Calculations for a 230-MeV Proton TherapyFacilityU. Titt, W.D. Newhauser, X. Yan, D. T. Dexheimer 1075

Contents XXV

Coupling MCNP-DSP and LAHET Monte Carlo Codesfor Designing Subcriticality Monitors for Accelerator-DrivenSystemsT. Valentine, Y. Rugama, J.L. Munoz-Cobo, R. Perez 1081

Session Hadronic VI: Experiments and Benchmarks

Shielding Benchmark Experiments Through Concrete and Ironwith High-Energy Proton and Heavy Ion AcceleratorsT. Nakamura, M. Sasaki, T. Nunomiya, N. Nakao, E. Kim, T. Kurosawa,S. Taniguchi, H. Iwase, Y. Uwamino, T. Shibata, S. Ito, A. Fukumura,D.R. Perry, P. Wright 1085

New Method and Data on Residue Production in Spallationby 208Pb on Protons for the Design of Spallation SourcesT. Enqvist, W. Wlazlo, J. Benlliure, F. Rejmund, P. Armbruster,M. Bernas, A. Boudard, S. Czajkowski, R. Legrain, S. Leray, B. Mustapha,M. Pravikoff, K.-H. Schmidt, C. Stephan, J. Taieb, L. Tassan-Got,C. Volant 1097

Determination of Stopping Power of Ions in MatterN.P. Barradas, C. Jeynes, R.P. Webb, E. Wendler 1105

Comparison of Spallation Neutron and Residual NuclideProduction Data with Different Intra-Nuclear Cascade ModelsS. Leray, A. Boudard, J. Cugnon, R. Legrain, C. Volant 1111

Session Hadronic VII: Monte Carlo Methods and Theory

Design of Tracking and Generic Processes in Geant4M. Asai, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Kurasige, T. Sasaki,J.-P. Wellisch 1117

Multigroup Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck Approachfor Ion Transport in Amorphous MediaN.D. Keen, A.K. Prinja, G.D. Dunham 1123

A Stochastic Model of Multiple Scattering of Charged Particles:Process, Transport Equation and SolutionsL. Papiez, V. Tulovsky, V. Moskvin 1129

XXVI Contents

Session Hadronic P: Miscellaneous Topics

PICA3, an Updated Code of Photo-nuclear CascadeEvaporation Code PICA95, and Its Benchmark ExperimentsT. Sato, K. Shin, S. Ban, T.A. Gabriel, C. Y. Fu, H.S. Lee 1139

Monte Carlo Simulation as an Aidto Alpha-Particle SpectrometryA. Martin Sanchez, A. Fernandez Timon, C.J. Bland 1145

Measurements and Calculations of Secondary Particle Yieldsfrom 100-800 MeV/Nucleon Heavy IonsT. Kurosawa, T. Nakamura, H. Iwase, H. Sato, N. Nakao, Y. Uwamino,A. Fukumura 1151

Development of an Extended Range Bonner SphereSpectrometerC. Birattari, P. Cappellaro, A. Mitaroff, M. Silari 1157

Influence of the FLUKA Geometrical Modelon the ADS Demonstration Facility Criticality CalculationsP. Neuhold 1163

Simulation of Nucleus—Nucleus Interactionsin the Framework of the FRITIOF ModelA. Polanski, A.S. Galoyan, V. V. Uzhinskii 1169

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Neutron Time-of-Flight Facilityat CERNV. Vlachoudis, C. Borcea, S. Buono, P. Cennini, A. Ferrari, Y. Kadi,V. Lacoste, E. Radermacher 1175

Systematic Uncertainties on the Determination of the top Massat the LHC from Soft Fragmentation EffectsM. David, A. Maio, A. de Angelis, A. Gomes 1181

Author Index 1187