advanced behavioral modeling chapter 4 of omd

ADVANCED BEHAVIORAL MODELING

JAYA KOLEKAR

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Introduction to Behavioral model

Behavioral model describes the interaction in the system.

It shows the dynamic nature of the system.

Diagrams Activity Diagram State Chart Diagram

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Activity Diagram Activity diagram used for modeling dynamic aspect

of systems. It is used for business process(logic & rules)

modeling. It is essentially a flowchart, showing flow of control

from activity to activity. It shows concurrency as well as branches of control. It describes

How activities are coordinated to provide a service. The events needed to achieve some operation. Focus on the flow of activities involved in a single process.

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Activity Diagram Elements of Activity Diagram

Start /Initial Activity Activity Node Action Transition Decisions Synchronization Bar [Fork and Join ] Final Activity

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Elements of Activity Diagram

Start / Initial Activity This shows the starting point of first activity of

the flow . Graphically denoted by a solid circle. There can be only one initial state in a

diagram.

Initial Activity

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Activity Activity is parameterized behavior

represented as coordinated flow of actions. An activity is a process being modeled, such

as washing a car. an activity is a set of actions. Represented by a rectangle with rounded

(almost oval ) edges.

Activity Scan library card

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Action An action represent a single step within an

activity. Actions are active steps in the completion of a

process like calculations. Represented by a rectangle with rounded

corner.

Action Bill=item*price

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Elements of Activity Diagram Transition

The flow of the activity is shown using arrowed lines called transition.

A line going into a node is called an incoming edge, and a line exiting a node is called an outgoing edge.

Transitions are modeled using arrows.

Supplier sends shipment and bill

Generate shipment error notice

Send it to supplier

S/R clerk verifies the bill with purchase

order

Send shipment to inspector

Activity 1

Activity 2

Transition

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Elements of Activity Diagram Decision/Branching

Similar to flowcharts, a logic where a decision is to be made is depicted by a diamond , with the options written on either side of the arrows emerging from the diamond, within box brackets.

Supplier sends shipment and bill

Generate shipment error notice

Send it to supplier

S/R clerk verifies the bill with purchase

order

Send shipment to inspector

Activity3

actyivity1

Activity2

Decision

[opt 1] [opt2]

Guard expression

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Check account balance

Scan library card

Pay overdue fine

Scan asset

[Unpaid overdue fine]

[no unpaid fine]

Branch

Merge

Guard expression

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Elements Activity Diagram Synchronization Bar [Fork and Join]

Activities often can be done in parallel. To split processing(“fork”), or to resume processing

when multiple activities have been completed (“join”), synchronization bars are used.

These are modeled as solid rectangles, with multiple transitions going in and/or out.

Fork denotes the beginning of parallel activity. Join denotes the end of parallel processing.

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Forking node

Join node

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Elements of Activity Diagram Synchronization Bar [Fork and Join]

activity1

activity3activity2

activity5activity4

activity6

Start

Fork

Join

End

Merge

Branch[condition 2][condition 1]

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Receive order

Send InvoiceFill order

Regular deliveryOvernight delivery

Close order

Start

Fork

Join

End

Merge

Branch[normal order][rush order] Receive

payment

Activity diagram for processing an order

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Elements of Activity Diagram Swim Lanes

A swim lane specifies a locus of activities. Used to distinguish activities carried out by individual

actors in an activity diagram. Swimlanes are vertical columns separated by thick vertical

black lines with actor’s name. Place each of the activity below the actor performing these

activities & then show how these activities are connected. Each swim lane has a unique name within its diagram. It

represents some real world entity. In an activity diagram partitioned into swim lane, every

activity belongs to exactly on swim lane, but transitions may cross lanes.

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Actor Actor Actor

activity

activity

activity

activity

activity

activity

swimlane

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Customer Sales Stockroom

Request service

Pay bill

Take Order

Fill Order

Deliver Order

Collect Order

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Elements of Activity Diagram Final Activity

The end of the activity diagram is shown by a bull’s eye symbol, also called as a final activity.

An activity diagram can have zero or more activity final nodes.

Graphical notation

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Activity Diagram

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Activity Diagram

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State Chart Diagram Using an interaction we can model the

behavior of a society of objects. Model the behavior of an individual object. State machines may be visualized in two

ways. Using activity diagram, we can focus on the

activates that take place within the object. Using state-chart diagrams(state diagram), we

can focus on the event-ordered behavior of an object, which is especially useful in modeling reactive systems.

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State Chart Diagram Purpose of State Chart Diagrams:

To model dynamic aspect of a system.

To model life time of a reactive system.

To describe different states of an object during its life time.

Define a state machine to model states of an object .

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State Chart Diagram Elements of state chart diagram

Initial State State Transition Event Final State

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Elements of State Chart Diagram

Initial State This shows the starting point or first activity of

the flow. Denoted by a solid circle. This is also called as a pseudostate , where

the state has no variable describing it further and no activities.

Initial State

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State Represents the state of object at an instant of time. It is a condition or situation during the life of an

object during which it satisfies some condition, perform some activity, or waits for some event.

Denoted by a rectangle with rounded corners & compartments.

Changes in the system that occur, in background thread while the main process is running, are called sub states.

State notation

State name

State variable

State action

Board train

Train-no

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Parts of state Name Entry/exit effect Internal transition Substates Deferred events

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Transition An arrow indicating the object to transit from one state to

the other. The actual trigger event & action causing the transition are

written beside the arrow, separated by a slash. Transitions that occur because the state completed an

activity are called triggerless transitions. If an event has to occur after the completion of some event

or action, the event or action is called the guard condition.

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Event[Guard condition ]/Action

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Parts of Transition Source state Event Trigger Guard Condition Effect or Action Target state

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Event An event is something that happens at a point in

time. An event is a one way transmission of information

from one object to another An event has no duration. Types of events

CallEvent SignalEvent TimeEvent ChangeEvent

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Final Sates The end of the state diagram is shown by a

bull’s eye symbol, also called a final state. A final state is another example of a pseudo

state because it does not have any variable or action described.

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Final State

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Advanced states & transition

Elements Entry & Exit actions Internal Transition Activities Deferred Events Substates Sequential Substates Concurrent Substates History States

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Entry & Exit Actions An alternative to showing actions on

transitions, actions can be associated with entering or exiting a state.

Entry and Exit action is shown inside the state box following the keyword Entry or exit and /.

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State name

Entry/actionExit/action

Event/action1,action2

Do/activityEvent/defer

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Internal Transition Internal transitions are the events handled

inside a state without leaving it. Used when we want to handle the event but

don’t want to fire the states entry & exit action. Activities

In a state the object does some work that will continue until it is interrupted by an event

Deferred events It is a list of events that are not handled in that

stae but, rather, are postponed and queued for handling by other object in another state.

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State diagram for ATM

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Idle

Validating

Selecting

Processing

Card inserted

cancel

Active

Maintenance

Printing

maintain[continue]

[not continue]

Entry/read cardExit/eject card

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History Sates A flow may require that the object go into a

trance, or wait state, and on the occurrence of a certain event, go back to the state it was in when it went into a wait state-its last active state.

This is shown in a state diagram with the help of a letter H enclosed within a circle.

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HHistory State

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History state

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Idle

Washing

Rinsing

CleanUP

HStart[close door]

[open door]

Active

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Concurrent substates

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Engineering Study

Clear Theory Exam

Clear practical exam

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Concurrent states

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Maintenance

IdleTesting devices

Self diagnosis

Waiting command

Testing

commanding

Composite state

Concurrent states

maintain

advanced behavioral modeling chapter 4 of omd

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