advance drilling technology-l1
TRANSCRIPT
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Advance Drilling Technology:
Directional DrillingObjectives, Tools for deflection &orientation. Directional well profiles
and well path deflection &corrections
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Objectives
Vertical Vs Deviation
True vertical: Possible ?
Allow Controllable deviation 1930 California under Pacific
Ocean
Conventional Drilling
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objections
Full assembly is rotated
No steering
Power required at the end No vision possible
Time lag in event
NPT high tripping required Vertical access
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Typical application where it is
required
Mutli well platform drilling
Fault drilling
Inaccessible locations Side tracking & straightening
Salt dome drilling
Relief wells
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Multi well platform drilling
Fault drilling
Inaccessible location
Salt dome drilling
Side tracking and straighteningRelief wells
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Depth reference and geographical
referenceDirection Plane
Inclination Plane
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Depth Reference
Mean sea Level, MSL
Rotary table elevation, RTE or DFE(Derrick Floor ..)
20 well housing
Depth :
Along hole depth, AHD
True vertical depth, TVD
AHD>TVD always
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Geographical Reference
3D (TVD, LD, )
Lateral displacement from north
Or latitude and longitude
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North
Direction
Angle
Direction Plane X
Inclination Angle, driftor tangentZ Axis (TrueVertical
Depth)
Inclinat
ion
Plane
Y
or I
or A
Non-Vertical
Wellbore
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Figure 8.2 - Plan view of a typical oil and gas structure under a lake showing howdirectional wells could be used to develop it. Best locations? Drill from lake?
Lease Boundary
Surface Location for Well No. 1
Bottom Hole Location for Well 2
SurfaceLocation for
Well No. 2
Houses
Oil-Water
Contact
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Figure 8.3 - Typical offshore development platform
with directional wells.
NOTE: All the
wells are
directional
Top View
5 - 50 wells
per platform
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Figure 8.4 - Developing a field under a city
using directionally drilledwells.
Drilling Rig Inside Building
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Fig. 8.5 - Drilling of directional wells where the
reservoir is beneath a major surface obstruction.
Why not
drill from
top ofmountain?
Maximum
lateraldispl.?
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Figure 8.6 -Sidetracking
around a fish.
Sidetracked Hole
Around Fish
Fish Lost in Hole and
Unable to RecoverCement Plug
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Figure 8.7 -
Using an oldwell to explore
for new oil by
sidetrackingout of the
casing and
drilling
directionally.
Possible
New Oil
Sidetracked
Out of Casing
Oil Producing WellReady to Abandon
Old Oil Reservoir
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Figure 8.8 - Major types of wellbore trajectories.
Build and
Hold Type
Continuous
Build
Build-hold Drop and/or Hold
(Modified S Type)
Build-hold and Drop (S Type)
Horizontal
Departure
toTarget
Type I
Type III
Type II
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Planning the well profile
Build and hold S shaped
Deep kick off
Parameters defining
Well path
Build and hold S shaped
Deep kick off
Kick off point
Build up & dropoff (1 to 30/100ft)
Drift angle
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Dogleg severity > 30/100ft
R
R
C
RC
2
360
100
2
2
=
==
=Radius of built up rate
yx
D
xRy
x
yDR
yOTOE
D
Rdx
+=
=
=
=
=
cossin
cos
sin
sin
tan
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Prepare a planning procedure for the build and hold trajectory using following
Data:
KOP (BRT) 610 m
TVD of target (BRT) 3048 m
Horizontal displacement of target 915 mBuild-up rate 20/30.48 m
Solution: Point B is KOP at 610
m
mOB
OB
1876.873
2
48.30
360
2
=
=
Use graphical method to draw tangent from TTo arc point E
TEY=BOE use protractor
Measure BX, XE, BE EY
Report effect of error in measurement of TEY
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Geometrical calculation technique
( )6103048
1876.873915tan
=x
017.02438
81.41=
098.0=x
( ) ( )
098.20
3581.02438
98.0cos1876.873sin
=
==
y
y
96.2198.2098.0=+=+=
yx
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Consideration when planning a
directional well path
Target location
Target size and shape
Surface locations (rig location) Subsurface obstacles (adjacent wells,
faults)
Additional factorsCasing and programGeological section
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Deflection Tools
Main Principle Bit tilt angle into the axis of the BHA
Side force to the bit
Major tools
Bent sub & + ve displacement
Non-rotating steerable drilling systems Rotary steering system
Directional bottom hole assemblies
Whi stocks
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Universal Joint
Concept of Progressive
cavity
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Side Force
Icdp-online.de
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BHA with bent sub and mud motor
Tool face
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Positive displacement motors
http://www.icdp-online.de/sites/sanandreas/news/news1.html
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Turbo drills
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Steerable drilling system
Allow azimuth and /or inclination
Geo steering
Theoretical geometric dogleg severity
TGDS
2
..100)100/(deg
21LL
angleTiltftreeTGDS
+=
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Rotary steering system
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Non-rotating steerable stablizer
End section of non-rotating steerable stablizer
Down hole system
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Whipstock: Steel wedge
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Jet deflection
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Catenary
The equation (up to translation and rotation) of a
catenary in Cartesian coordinates has the form
Y=acosh (x/a)=a/2(ex/a+e-x/a)
where cosh is the hyperbolic cosine function.The scaling factor acan be interpreted as the
ratio between the horizontal component of the
tension on the chain (a constant) and the weight
of the chain per unit of length
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fb/SpiderCatenary.jpg -
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Well bore survey methods
Tangential method
Balanced tangential method
Average angle method Radius of curvature method
Minimum curvature method
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Average angle
method
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Radius of curvature method
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