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ROADMs & Control Plane for

Research & Educational Networks

Terena NGN Workshop, April 4, 2008, Munich

Thomas Schneider

Business Development Manager EMEA


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2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.2

Agenda

NRENs

ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane

ROADMs and 40G


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National Research & Educational Networks

NRENs A quick Technical Analysis

Reach w/o 3R: 10002000 km

Capacity: 40 wavelengths typically

High bit-rate services

10G LAN PHY, STM-64

40G required today

100G already considered

InfiniBand may come up

Flexibility requirements

Control Plane, UNI/NNI,possibly support for UEN/UCLP

ROADMs (Degree-8)


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Agenda

NRENs


ROADMs and 40G


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ROADM Architectures

Broadcast and SelectMux / Switch / Demux

N

VOA

Add / Drop

Switches

N

1

N

... ...

1

Switched (iPLC)

1 N

1 NDrop

Add

N 3dB1 x N iPLC

N

1 NDrop

1 NAdd

3dB 3dB

WB

Switched (WSS)

1 x N WSS

1 NDrop

1Add

N1 x N WSS

N

WB: Wavelength Blocker, WSS: Wavelength-Selective Switch


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Degree-N ROADM

ROADM

Single WDM Channels

OMS (East)OMS (West)

N

SW E N S

W E

.

.

.

.

.

.

Degree-2 ROADM

Higher-Degree ROADM

k x N WSS

1 NDrop

1Add

N k x N WSS

N

Higher-Degree ROADMbased on WSS


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DropOutput

.

.

.

AWGDMX

AWGMUX

VOA

Switch

Monitor PD

Express

Output

ExpressInput

CommonOutput

CommonInput

Add Inputs

iPLC-based ROADM

AWG leads to typical filter characteristic

1 2 3

Wavelength

Attenua

tion

Spectral Characteristic

Channel Selectivity


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Higher-Degree ROADM: MEMS

Mechanical switches (MEMS)

Multi-degree switching possible (In1/2/N Out)

Out

In N

In 1

Mirror

Array

Spectral Characteristic(Flat Top)

f [GHz]

Insert

ion

Loss


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ROADM (and GMPLS) Applications

Re-configure the network

Adapt to changing network and customers requirements (slow)

Protection and restoration (meshed networks!) (fast)

Enabled through GMPLS Control Plane:

Topology discovery (routing), signalling, path computation

Management of connections between GMPLS nodes

Access to any channel anywhere single-channel add/drop

Enable centralized L3 networks (with single L3 hub)

Power level equalization, increase of transparent field lengths

Increased visibility of installed infrastructure


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Equalization with ROADMs

Dynamic

ChannelEqualizerDrop Add

Pre-Amplifier Post-Amplifier

Enabled through monitor

taps, VOAs/SCEs, andControl Plane signaling

Can eliminate up to 5dB

of ripple/tilt

Necessary / enabler for

regional installations1 ... N

+6dBm

0dBm

1 ... N


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Network Re-configurations

Its difficult to share /re-use transponders or

colored client I/Fs

100%

120%

140%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Relative Amount of dynamic Paths

To

talCapac

ity

Ring

Mesh

ROADM

T T TT

Flexible Add/Drop

Passthru

Transponders

Offloading Core Routers

Network Capacity

Large Core RingLarge Core Ring


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Centralized Layer-3

Photonic transmission gear is protocol and bit rate agnostic

No need to provide protocol gateways for L3 at client sites

Centralized L3 Device

Client ClientClient

ClientClient

Single-channelAdd/Drop of any

Channel anywhere

Logical IP topology


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Restoration

W1 (failed)

W3

W2

W4

W5

W6

Restored Traffic

Fast, distributed topology discovery, signalling, routing but

ROADMs can provide a restoration path through a network, but today

they do not perform the end-to-end switch-over

ROADMs may need to provide wavelength conversion

Uncertainty w.r.t. link length complex link engineering

IL

SOALOA

SOALOA

MEMS

Switch

Matrix

CW

CW

(Red-shifted)

All-optical Lambda conversion

LOA Linear Optical Amplifier


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RAYcontrol GMPLS Control Plane

Intelligent optical networking Provisioning

Simplified, automated

Agile, fast (auto-discovery, signalling, routing) Integrated network management (synchronized databases)

Network efficiency

Higher asset utilization

Automated network

inventory and reuse

Efficient restoration

Network evolution

Interoperability

New services and operation modes (UEN, UCLP)

New architectures (true meshes)

Control

Plane

ForwardingPlane

UNI

UNI

NNI

NNI

CCI

Connection Controller (CC)


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Control Plane Building Blocks

Routing

OSPF (reachability)

OSPF-TE (traffic engineering)

GMPLS-OSPF (optical extensions)

Path Computation

Shortest Path (Dijkstra)

Kth-Shortest Path (Yen)

Constrained Shortest Path, CSPF

Signaling

RSVP (reservations)

RSVP-TE (tunnel LSP setup)

GMPLS-RSVP (optical extensions)

IETF standard link-state routing protocol

Supports link auto-discovery; extended for GMPLS

Supports network-wide synchronization; do.

IETF standard soft-state signaling protocol

Supports hop-by-hop signaling; extended for GMPLS

Supports resource reservation and configuration; do.

How to get from Ingress point to Egress point?

Services have many characteristics that affect path selection

CSPF, adds constraints to standard Dijkstra algorithm


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ROADM Support

End-to-End Service Power Equalization

ROADMs include per-wavelength power monitoring

Optical services may traverse multiple ROADM nodes

Nodes equalize automatically in sequence, GMPLS-controlled

Multi-Degree Optical Switching

MD-ROADMs, when deployed in a mesh, lead to an

exponential increase in available paths

MD-ROADM enables pure OOO switching

Wavelengths are not converted, ingress / egress waves must match

Additional constraint considered in CSPF path selection


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D

A

B

C

Path Setup

E1 E2

R2

E3E4

R1


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Equalization Process

Path

[1533.47][1549.32][1549.32] [1560.61]

Resv

Data Flow

[DN EQ]

[UP EQ][UP EQ][UP EQ] [UP EQ]

[DN EQ][DN EQ][DN EQ]

Path Setup phase

followed by Path Equalize phase

Ingress Equipment

Set data rate

Set protection

Connect add

Connect drop

Egress Equipment

Set data rate

Set service type

Set protection

Enable line port

Enable trib port

Transit Equipment

Connect UP DN

Connect DN UP

3R Equipment

Set UP data rate

Set DN data rate

Enable UP trib

Enable DN trib

Connect UP/drop Connect DN/add

Connect DN/drop

Connect UP/add


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GELS Ethernet Support

GMPLS-controlled Ethernet Label Switching

Ethernet as just another transport technology

VLAN or VLAN+MAC becomes GMPLS label

Labels identify end-to-end path, distributed via signaling

Ethernet services become regular GMPLS tunnels

Integrates Ethernet into GMPLS management framework

Same tools (routing, signaling) used by optical GMPLS

Eliminates need for other control mechanisms (RSTP, etc.)

Benefits

Traffic Engineering for Ethernet explicit control over path

Automation 802.1ad/ah (PB, PBB) forwarding tables populated

via CP signaling rather than manually


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Agenda

NRENs


ROADMs and 40G


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Linear Effects

Attenuation, leading to noise (ASE) 6dB less sensitivity*

Chromatic Dispersion, CD worsen by factor 16* Polarization-Mode Dispersion, PMD worsen by factor 4*

Nonlinear Effects (SPM, XPM, FWM, SRS, SBS)

Added signal distortion

Interaction with CD

Nonlinear crosstalk

This is getting even worse for 100G!

CD is getting worse by a factor of 100(100G vs. 10G)

*) 40G NRZ as compared to 10G NRZ

40 Transmission Constraints

No

ise

Limit

Non-linearLi

mit

Launched Channel Power [a.u.]

Num

be

ro

fSpans

[a.u.]


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40G Modulation Format Comparison

OSNR(1)

CD(2)

PMD(3)

50GHz

ROADMs(4)

~16dB

150ps/nm

2.5ps

0

+

+

0dB

+

~15dB

50ps/nm

3.5ps

+

+

4dB

+

~12.5dB

50ps/nm

2.5ps

0

0

0

3dB

0

~13.5dB

>5000ps/nm

>10ps

+

0dB

SPM / NL

(1) Back-to-Back @ BER=1E-3 (2) w/o TDC (3) 1dB Penalty (4) Penalty for 6 ROADMs (5) of 10G NRZ OOK

Upgrade(5)

Re

Im PolMux-DQPSK

Phase Noise

Re

Im Duobinary

Re

Im CSRZ

Re

Im DPSK


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Comparison of 40G Techniques

Metro core and

regional links with

many ROADMs,

upgrades of 10G

40G Duobinary

Regional links

w/ only few

ROADMs but

medium-hi PMD

requirements,

upgrades of 10G

40G CSRZ

Long-haulwith

ROADMsand

high PMD,

careful with

LH 10G overlay,

accumulated

phase noise,

non-linearity

Regional and

long-haullinks

with only few

ROADMs,

careful with LH

10G overlay

Application

Area

40G PM-DQPSK40G DPSK

Power

[dB]

-60

-40

-20

0

2 1 0 1 2

Normalized Frequency

NRZ-Duobinary

CSRZ (OOK)

NRZ (OOK)

2 1 0 1 2

Normalized Frequency

RZ-DPSK

50%RZ (OOK)

CSRZ-DQPSK


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Implementation

2004 - 2007

Purpose

Test of advanced network features

Applications10GbE LAN PHY, GFP, and 40G tests

Key performance

Early availability of relevant future features

ADVA 40G and ROADM References

Kln

Alcatel

40G

ADVA

40G

40G

Siemens

hiT7070

ADVA

4x10G

10G

Siemens

OTS4040

ADVA

40G

40G

Siemens

OTS4010

ADVA

4x10G

10G

St. Augustin

ADVA

ADVA

Implementation

2005

Purpose

High-end test-bed

Applications

eVLBI (Radio astronomy), HD Video

Key features

Open GMPLS Control Plane

Multi-degree ROADMs

Vertically Integrated Opticaltestbed for Large Applications


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Thank You!

[email protected]

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