adulthood: psychosocial development how will marriage, divorce, children and coping with your...
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Adulthood: Psychosocial Development
How will marriage, divorce, children and coping with your parents affect you?
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Continuity and ChangeWhat changes? What stays the same?
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What is happening in the major theories?
•Erikson’s Stages▫Intimacy vs. Isolation▫Generativity vs. stagnation
•Maslow’s stages▫5. Self-=actualization▫4. Success and esteem▫3. Love and belonging▫2. Safety▫1. Physiology
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What is the midlife crisis?
•40’s - What have I accomplished?•Anxiety, self-reexamination,
transformation•Related more to developmental history
than age
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Intimacy
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How do we meet our need for intimacy?
•Met by: family, friends, coworkers, & romantic partners (the social convoy)
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Do you remember?
•Which of Erikson’s stages is this person in?
•What are Maslow’s stages?•What can create a midlife crisis?
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What happens to family bonds? Parent-Adult child relationships
•Improves with age (Generations become closer)
•May deteriorate if they live together•Familism
▫Belief that family members should support each other
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Family bonds:Will you find a committed partner?
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Does marriage produce happiness?
•Married people (In satisfying marriages)▫Happier, Healthier, Richer
•Learning to understand and forgive each other promotes happiness
•Cohabitation before marriage▫Decreases happiness
•Domestic violence is most likely to occur early in a relationship
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Do children produce happiness?•Children and happiness (“U” shaped
curve)▫Happiness is highest before children▫Decreases with birth of first child
& additional children▫Decreases again when children reach
puberty Teenage years
▫Happiness improves after child raising years when children become more independent (Empty nest)
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Empty nest: What happens when the children leave home?
•Improves relationships▫Parents are alone
again▫More money
available•Longtime partners
▫Stay together because of love & trust
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Do you remember?
•What happens to parent – child relationships as the children mature?▫What can cause this relationship to
deteriorate?•What promotes happiness in good
marriages?•When is domestic violence most likely to
occur?•How does a couple’s happiness change
after the children leave home? Why?
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What is the effect of separation and divorce?
•Almost 1 out of 2 marriages ends in divorce in the U.S.▫About 1/3 of all first marriages end in
divorce▫Remarried people have a greater chance of
divorce than first marriages•Very distressed marriages = happier after
divorce
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What are the consequences of divorce?
•Can last for decades•Divorce reduces income, severs
friendships, and weakens family ties•Income, family welfare, and self-esteem =
lower among formerly married than still married or never married
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Generativity: How can you deal with this stage?
•Erikson’s “Generativity vs. Stagnation▫Satisfied by
Creativity
Caregiving
Employment
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How do you care for children? • Your biological children
▫Parent must change to adopt to developmental stages of child.
• Non-biological Children▫Children without emotional attachment become
mistrustful and fearful of becoming too dependent• Stepfamilies
▫Patient, authoritative parenting is needed• Adoption
▫Biological parents usually absent▫Desperately want a child
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How do you care for your aging parents?
•Sandwich generation▫Sandwiched between their
children and their parents•Often only one child bears
the burden of caregiving▫Creates resentment
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EmploymentWhat work do you want?
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Employment = generativity
•Unemployed = higher rates of child abuse, alcoholism, depression & other problems.
•Happiness is not necessarily related to income
•For work to meet generativity needs, it must:▫Use personal skills▫Be creative▫Advise coworkers as a friend or mentor
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Why do people work?
•Extrinsic rewards (Outside - External)▫Salary▫Health insurance▫Pension
•Intrinsic rewards (Inside – internal)▫Intangible rewards▫Job satisfaction▫Self-esteem▫Pride in contributing▫Feeling needed Apple Computer
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Can you combine intimacy and generativity?
•Job satisfaction depends on▫The job▫Home situation▫Ability to balance
home and work
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Do you remember?
•Do second marriages have a greater chance of success than first marriages?
•Do formerly married persons have higher income and self-esteem than currently married or never married?
•What is the sandwich generation?•What is the difference between extrinsic
and intrinsic rewards?▫Give an example of each
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