adrenal and pituitary
TRANSCRIPT
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ADRENAL GLANDADRENAL GLAND
Alvin B. Vibar, M.D.Alvin B. Vibar, M.D.
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Adrenal glandAdrenal gland
CortexCortex mesoderm mesoderm
MedullaMedulla Neural Neural
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Development of AdrenalDevelopment of Adrenalglandgland
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Congenital AdrenalCongenital AdrenalHyperplasiaHyperplasia
Excessive androgenExcessive androgen productionproduction duringduringthe fetal periodthe fetal period
In females, causesIn females, causesmasculinization of masculinization of the externalthe externalgenitaliagenitalia enlargement of theenlargement of theclitoris -clitoris - virilizationvirilization
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Relations:Relations:
Right:Right:
Anteromedially IVCAnteromedially IVC
Anterolaterally Liver Anterolaterally Liver
Post - DiaphragmPost - Diaphragm
Left:Left:
Anterior SpleenAnterior SpleenStomachStomachPancreasPancreas
Post - DiaphragmPost - Diaphragm
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ABDOMINAL AORTAABDOMINAL AORTAAnterior VisceralAnterior Visceral
CeliacCeliacSuperior MesentericSuperior MesentericInferior MesentericInferior Mesenteric
Lateral VisceralLateral Visceral
SuprarenalSuprarenalRenalRenalGonadalGonadal
Lateral AbdominalLateral Abdominal Inferior PhrenicInferior Phrenic
Lumbar Lumbar Terminal branchesTerminal branches
Common iliacCommon iliacMedian SacralMedian Sacral
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Blood Supply:Blood Supply:
Suprarenal arteries arise from 3 sources:Suprarenal arteries arise from 3 sources:
Superior from Inferior PhrenicSuperior from Inferior Phrenic
Middle from Abdominal aortaMiddle from Abdominal aorta
Inferior from RenalInferior from Renal
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INFERIOR VENA CAVAINFERIOR VENA CAVAAnterior VisceralAnterior Visceral
R / L hepaticR / L hepaticLateral VisceralLateral Visceral
R suprarenalR suprarenal
R / L renalR / L renalR gonadalR gonadal
Lateral AbdominalLateral Abdominal Inferior phrenicInferior phrenic
Lumbar Lumbar
Veins of originVeins of origin R / L common iliacR / L common iliac
Median sacralMedian sacral
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Venous Drainage:Venous Drainage:
Right Adrenal vein drains into IVCRight Adrenal vein drains into IVC
Left Adrenal vein drains into Left renalLeft Adrenal vein drains into Left renalvein - IVCvein - IVC
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Lymph Drainage:Lymph Drainage:
Lateral Aortic nodesLateral Aortic nodes
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Addisons diseaseAddisons disease
Adrenocortical insufficiencyAdrenocortical insufficiency
Characterized clinically by:Characterized clinically by:Increased pigmentationIncreased pigmentationMuscular weaknessMuscular weakness
Weight lossWeight lossHypotensionHypotension
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Cushings syndromeCushings syndrome
Cortical hyperplasia due to adenoma or carcinomaCortical hyperplasia due to adenoma or carcinomaof the cortexof the cortex
Clinically manifested by:Clinically manifested by:Moon shaped faceMoon shaped faceTruncal obesityTruncal obesityAbnormal hairiness / HirsutismAbnormal hairiness / HirsutismHypertensionHypertension
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Adrenal CortexAdrenal Cortex
HyposecretionHyposecretion Addisons diseaseAddisons disease bronze tone of thebronze tone of the
skinskin
HypersecretionHypersecretion CushingsCushingssyndromesyndrome moon moon
face and buffaloface and buffalohumphump
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PITUITARY GLANDPITUITARY GLAND
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Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
EctodermalEctodermal in originin origin2 sources2 sources
Oral ectodermOral ectoderm Hypophysial pouch from Hypophysial pouch fromroof of stomodeum roof of stomodeum AdenohypophysisAdenohypophysis //glandular partglandular part
NeuroectodermNeuroectoderm Neurohypophysial bud Neurohypophysial budfrom the floor of diencephalon from the floor of diencephalon NeurohypophysisNeurohypophysis / nervous part/ nervous part
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Development of PituitaryDevelopment of PituitaryGlandGland
Hypophysial pouchHypophysial pouch //RathkeRathke upgrowth upgrowthfrom roof of primitivefrom roof of primitive
mouthmouth
NeurohypophysialNeurohypophysialbudbud downgrowth downgrowthfrom the forebrainfrom the forebrain( diencephalon)( diencephalon)
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PharyngealPharyngealhypophysishypophysis persistence of persistence of
remnant of stalk of remnant of stalk of Rathkes pouchRathkes pouch
CraniopharyngiomaCraniopharyngioma from remnants of thefrom remnants of thestalk of hypophysialstalk of hypophysialpouchpouch
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Hypophysis cerebriHypophysis cerebri Master endocrineMaster endocrineglandgland
Small, oval structureSmall, oval structureattached to theattached to theundersurface of theundersurface of thebrain by thebrain by theInfundibulumInfundibulumProtected by the SellaProtected by the Sellaturcica of Sphenoidturcica of Sphenoidbonebone
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Relations:Relations:
Superiorly DiaphragmaSuperiorly DiaphragmasellaesellaeInferiorly Body of Inferiorly Body of SphenoidSphenoidLaterally CavernousLaterally CavernoussinussinusPosteriorly DorsumPosteriorly Dorsumsellae, Basilar artery,sellae, Basilar artery,PonsPons
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Divisions:Divisions:
Anterior lobe or Anterior lobe or AdenohypophysisAdenohypophysisSubdivided into:Subdivided into:
Pars distalisPars distalisPars intermediaPars intermediaPars tuberalisPars tuberalis
Posterior lobe or Posterior lobe or NeurohypophysisNeurohypophysis
Pars nervosaPars nervosa
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Pituitary glandPituitary gland
Pars distalis:Pars distalis:ACIDOPHILSACIDOPHILS ::
Growth hormoneGrowth hormone
ProlactinProlactinBASOPHILSBASOPHILS ::
FSHFSHLHLHTSHTSHACTHACTH
Pars intermediaPars intermediaMSHMSH
Pars nervosaPars nervosareleases: ADHreleases: ADH
OxytocinOxytocin
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Blood supply:Blood supply:
Derived from the superior and inferior Derived from the superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries branches of thehypophyseal arteries branches of theInternal carotid arteryInternal carotid artery
Veins drain into the intercavernousVeins drain into the intercavernoussinuses.sinuses.
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Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
HyposecretionHyposecretion of of GHGH results toresults to pituitarypituitary
dwarfismdwarfism but bodybut bodyproportions areproportions arenormalnormal
HypersecretionHypersecretion of of GHGH duringduring childhoodchildhood results inresults in GigantismGigantism ;;inin adultsadults --
AcromegalyAcromegaly
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