Adjective clausesAdjective clauses

Grammar IIIGrammar III

ULACITULACIT 13/03/1013/03/10

What is a clause?What is a clause?It is a group of words It is a group of words

containing a subject and a containing a subject and a verbverb

What is adjective clause?What is adjective clause?

An adjective clause uses An adjective clause uses pronouns to pronouns to connect the dependent connect the dependent clause to the clause to the independent clauseindependent clause

Dependent clauseDependent clauseThis is not a complete This is not a complete sentence. It must be sentence. It must be

connected to an independent connected to an independent clauseclause

Example:

She is the author She is the author who lives in Italywho lives in Italy..

Independent clauseIndependent clause It’s a complete sentence. it’s part of It’s a complete sentence. it’s part of

the main subject and verb of a the main subject and verb of a sentence, also called “main clause”sentence, also called “main clause”

Example: Example: We love each other.

Adjective clause pronouns Adjective clause pronouns used as the subjectused as the subject

A-A- I thanked the woman. I thanked the woman. SheShe helped me helped me

B-B- I I thankedthanked the woman the woman who who helped mehelped meindependent clause that adjective clauseindependent clause that adjective clause

OO

WhichWhich (used for things) and (used for things) and ThatThat (used for both people & (used for both people & things)things)

Adjective clause pronouns Adjective clause pronouns used as the object of a verbused as the object of a verb

A-A- The man was Mr. Jones. Isaw him The man was Mr. Jones. Isaw him

B-B- The man The man whomwhom I I sawsaw was Mr. was Mr. JonesJones

ThatThat OO

WhichWhich (used for things) and (used for things) and ThatThat (used for both (used for both people & things)people & things)

who (informal English) whom ( formal English In speaking)who (informal English) whom ( formal English In speaking)

A- She is the woman. I told youA- She is the woman. I told you about her about her

B-B- She is the womanShe is the woman about whom about whom I told youI told you

She is the woman She is the woman whomwhom I told you I told you aboutabout

ThatThat

oo

Adjective clause pronouns Adjective clause pronouns used as the object of a used as the object of a

preposition.preposition.

Only use WHOM or WHICH, If the preposition comes at the Only use WHOM or WHICH, If the preposition comes at the beginningbeginning

Usual patterns of Usual patterns of adjectivesadjectives

Usual:Usual:

I like the people I like the people who who live next to melive next to me

Less usual:Less usual:

I like the people I like the people thatthat live next to me live next to me

In everyday informal usage In everyday informal usage WhoWho is more common is more common than than thatthat

Usual: Usual: I like books I like books that that have good have good plotsplots

Less usual:Less usual:I like books I like books whichwhich have good have good plotsplots

ThatThat is more common than is more common than whichwhich

Usual:Usual:I like the people I like the people OO I met last night I met last night

Less usual:Less usual:

I like the book I like the book OO I read last night I read last night

Object pronouns are commonly Object pronouns are commonly omittedomitted

Using WhoseUsing WhoseWhoseWhose usually modifies people, but it may usually modifies people, but it may

also be used to modify thingsalso be used to modify things

A- I know the man. His bicycle was A- I know the man. His bicycle was stolen stolen

B- I know the man B- I know the man whosewhose bicycle was bicycle was stolenstolen

Using Using where where in adjective in adjective clauseclause

Where Where is used in an adjective clause to modify a is used in an adjective clause to modify a placeplace

A- The building is very old. He lives A- The building is very old. He lives there ( in there ( in the building)the building)

B-The building where he lives is very old.B-The building where he lives is very old. in whichin which which inwhich in that inthat in OO

Using Using whenwhen in adjective in adjective clauseclause

A- I’ll never forget the day. I met you A- I’ll never forget the day. I met you then then (on the day)(on the day)

B- I’ll never forget the accident B- I’ll never forget the accident whenwhen I I broke my broke my

leg. leg. thatthat On whichOn which

OO

HAVE A NICE HAVE A NICE DAYDAY