aditya harsh

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Geo-mechanics:Estimation of Pore

Pressure & FractureGradient

By: ADITYA HARSH (E11-0003)



CONTENTS

• Motivation• Por !r""#r "ti$ation

• Nor$a% &o$!a&tion trn' (NCT)

• Mto'" to !r'i&t Por !r""#r (#"inMAT*AB)

• +ra&t#r ,ra'int

• Mto'" to !r'i&t +ra&t#r ,ra'int (#"in

MAT*AB)• *a o. T"t/ *i$it T"t/ +BT/ +IT t&

• Con&%#"ion

• Rrn&"



2%%4or "ta4i%ity !ro4%$" &o"t

in'#"try 4t5n 61- 7 Bi%%ion!r yar 5or%'-5i'8



Por Pr""#r E"ti$ation

•

Pore Pressure: A%"o tr$' a" r"rvoir!r""#r an' or$ation !r""#r. It is the pressure of the uids inside a reservoir

• Reasons to predict PP:

Ovr4a%an&'- S%o5 'ri%%in/ %o"t&ir&#%ation/ or$ation 'a$a

9n'r4a%an&'- +a"t 'ri%%in/ i&"/

4%o5o#t"• Pore pressure prediction (PPP):

Data ro$ Soni&/ R"i"tivity/ Dn"ity/N#tron-!oro"ity %o"

E%a"ti& 5av v%o&iti" #"in v%o&ity to PP



Por Pr""#r E"ti$ation• Sonic Log:

It !rovi'" or$ation intrva% tran"it ti$ tat vari" 5it%ito%oy/ !oro"ity/ ro& tt#r t&

Soni& v%o&ity i" invr"%y !ro!ortiona% to !r""#r an' noti&a4%'viation ro$ nor$a% &o$!a&tion trn' (NCT) i" o4"rv' 5novr!r""#r ;on i" n&o#ntr'

Manit#' o ti" 'viation 'tr$in" PP

• Resistivity Log: It $a"#r" o5 "tron%y or$ation o!!o"" <o5o %&tri& &#rrnt an' %!" to =n' PP

•ensity Log:

It $a"#r" 4#% 'n"ity o or$ation 4y 4o$4ar'in it 5itra'ioa&tiv "o#r&" an' $a"#r r"#%tin a$$a ray &o#nt atrCo$!ton "&attrin an' Poto%&tri& .&t"

9"' to &a%&#%at Poro"ity an' tr4y "ti$at *ito"tati&!r""#r/ Hy'ro"tati& !r""#r/ Ovr4#r'n t&



DENSITY/ SONIC > RESISTI?ITY DATA

% i '



Nor$a% Co$!a&tion Trn'-NCT

•

Program:@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(D'at)

Ea(:/1)

+(a(:/))

a11:1:10F0

&in!#t(Entr & va%#)in!#t(Entr initia% !oro"ity)

'in!#t(Entr $atri 'n"ity)

+1G!(-&Ga1)

D'G(1-+1)+1

!%ot(a1/D/4/E/+/)

• E!uations:

"#ma$(%-) ' $

# o $ e(-c$h)

*+PE P,R,S*+

o

. .corre

ct

ensitymatri/

SHA*E 073 01 JG

10K(-F)

L

SANDS T

0FJ 0L F3G10K(-F)

7

CHA* 0L0 0L1 L1G10K(-F)

L1

SHA*YSANDS T

07 03J G10K(-F)

7



COMPACTED C9R?ES

•

Sa%

• San'"ton



estimate PorePressure

• E!uiva1ent epth0ethod:+i 1- I%%#"tration o t#iva%nt '!t $to'

#"in "oni& T T nor$a% &o$!a&tion

trn' (NCT) i" a "trait %inin %o-%inar "!a&

T .&tiv "tr"" at

'!t Z i" #a% to t.&tiv "tr"" at '!t A/an' t#"/ t !or !r""#rat '!t Z i" "i$!%y:P z Pa (S z Sa)

It ai%" in &a" o 9n%oa'in



estimate PorePressure• Ratio 0ethod:2ssumption: +or "oni&'%ta-t/ 'n"ity/ an'r"i"tivity/ r"!&tiv%y/ t!or !r""#r i" t !ro'#&to t nor$a% !r""#r$#%ti!%i' (or 'ivi'' 4y) tratio o t $a"#r' va%#to t nor$a% va%# or t

"a$ '!tE#ation":PPPGT%oTn an'PPPGR%oRn

It 'o" NOT a&&o#nt or

ovr4#r'n "tr"" .&t"



estimate PorePressure

•Eaton3s 0ethod:+i 3- *in" or &o$!#tin!or !r""#r !r""' a"an #iva%nt 'n"ity/

&a%&#%at' #"in Eaton"$to' an' t 'ri%%in!onnt

E!uations:

PPS-@(S-P)G(R%oRn)K1

PPS-@(S-

P)G(T%oTn)K1



Prora$" or PP ro$ Soni& >R"i"tivity %o 'ata

•@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(S'at)

1a(:/1)

a(:/)

!!0J3G1-((0J3G1 - 0F33G1)G(10)K3)

!0F33G1

%!0JFG1

!%ot(!!/-1/r/!/-1//%!/-1/4)

•@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(S'at)

1a(:/1)

a(:/)

!!0J3G1-((10K7 - 000)JF)K(107)

!0F33G1

%!0JFG1

!%ot(!!/-1/r/!/-1//%!/-1/4)

•@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(R"i"tivity'at)

"1a(:/1)

"a(:/)

!!10J3G"1-((0J3G"1 - 0F33G"1)G(")K1)

!0F33G"1

%!0JFG"1

!%ot(!!1/-"1/r/!/-"1//%!/-"1/4)



+ra&t#r ,ra'int (+,)• Fracture pressure i" t !r""#r in t 5%%4or at 5i& a

or$ation 5i%% &ra&

• T !r""#r at 5i& or$ation" 5i%% ra&t#r 5n !o"' to

4oro% !r""#r i" 'tr$in' 4y &on'#&tin on o t

o%%o5in t"t": Lea4-o5 test6 Limit *est6 Formation

7rea4do8n *est (E9PER0E*2L FG ES*02*,)



+ra&t#r Pr""#r Pr'i&tion

•

;u""ert & <i11is 0ethod: Ty intro'#&' a !rin&i!%: T $ini$#$5%%4or !r""#r r#ir' to tn' an i"tinra&t#r 5a" ivn a" t !r""#r n'' toovr&o$ t $ini$#$ !rin&i!% "tr""

E!uations:

Str"" r%ation" > OB ra'int" &on"tant ora%% '!t" So/ &annot a&&o#nt or '!r

'!t"



• 0atthe8s & =e11y 0ethod:

• Dri%%in !rin& "o5' tat H#44rt an'

i%%i" $to' i" not va%i' or '!ror$ation Matt5" an' %%y r!%a&' ta""#$!tion tat t $ini$#$ "tr"" 5a"on-tir' t $atri "tr""

• 2ssumptions: T avra ovr4#r'n"tr"" i" 1 !"it an' an avra nor$a%!r""#r ra'int i" 0F7 !"it To &a%&#%ata4nor$a% ra&t#r !r""#r/ a n5 '!t Dii" #"' 5i& i" t #iva%nt nor$a%!r""#r '!t 5i& r!r"nt" or ta4nor$a%%y !r""#r' or$ation o intr"t

'!t ivn 4y:



Penne"a4er .orre1ation:

• T Pnn4ar &orr%ation i" "i$i%ar to

t Matt5" an' %%y &orr%ation

• T a&t#a% '!t o t or$ation a%5ay"i" #"' in t Pnn4ar &orr%ation

• E!uations:



• .hristman .orre1ation:

• Cri"t$an o#n' tat t "tr"" &oU&int

&o#%' 4 &orr%at' to t 4#% 'n"ity ot "'i$nt"

• E!uations:



• Eaton3s 0ode1:

• Eaton tn'' Matt5 > %%y $o'% to

4rin Poi""onV" ratio to &a%&#%at +,• 2ssumption: OB > Po"i""onV" ratio vary

5it '!t

•

E!uation:

S ovr4#r'n "tr""/ !"iγ Poi""onV" ratio



"# " or #" n on &



"# " or #" n on &'ata) Program for ;u""ert & <i11is

@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(S'at)

1a(:/1)a(:/)

!!0J3G1-((10K7 - 000)JF)K(107)

!0F33G1

%!0JFG1

!(1(G!!))3

!(1(G!))3!$a(1!)

!%ot(!$a/-1//!/-1/y/!!/-1/r/!/-1/y/%!/-1/4)

Program for 0athhe8s & =e11y:@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(S'at)

1a(:/1)

a(:/)

!!0J3G1-((10K7 - 000)JF)K(107)

!0F33G1

%!0JFG1

Di(1-!!)03

S$in07G03GDi

!S$in!!

!%ot(!/-1/y/!!/-1/r/!/-1//%!/-1/4)



R"#%t" or



R"#%t" or+,

• Program for .hristman .orre1ation:

@a/"&1i$!ort'ata(S'at)

1a(:/1)

a(:/)

!!0J3G1-((10K7 - 000)JF)K(107)

!0F33G1%!0JFG1

!or073G!(-0000JG1)

D((LG(1-!or))!or)

S$in0FG(1-!!)

!S$in!!!%ot(!/-1/y/!!/-1/r/!/-1//%!/-1/4)



Lea4 o5 test (L,*)



0athematica11y

• *he 0a/imum "ottom ho1e pressure during the

1ea4o5 test can "e ca1cu1ated from:

Hy'ro"tati& !r""#r o &o%#$n o $#' %a o. !r""#r at

"#ra&

(00 10 010) JF0 3JL !"i

T $ai$#$ a%%o5a4% $#' 5it at ti" '!t i"

tror

3JL !"i 010 t 0L1 !"it 13 !!

A%%o5in a "aty a&tor o 0 !!/

T $ai$#$ a%%o5a4% $#' 5it 13 - 0 133 !!



,ther *ests to estimate FG

•

T >Limit *est? i" #"' to 'tr$in 5tr tro& in t o!n o% "&tion o t 5%% 5i%% 5it"tan' aspeci@c/ !r'tr$in' !r""#r Ti" !r""#rr!r"nt" t $ai$#$ !r""#r tat t or$ation5i%% 4 !o"' to 5i% 'ri%%in t nt 5%%4or

"&tion

• T >Formation 7rea4do8n *est? i" #"' to'tr$in t !r""#r at 5i& t ro& in t o!no% "&tion o t 5%% &o$!%t%y 4ra" 'o5n

• T 2+or$ation Intrity T"t8 i" 'on to t"t "trnto or$ation an' &a"in "o 4y in&ra"in BHP It a"no intntion to 4ra or$ation #n%i otr $to'"

Pressure re!uired for F* (psi) #

(Re!uired F* in ppg A .urrent 0ud <eight in



Con&%#"ion-E** P*ANNIN,

• Safe dri11ing practices re!uire that thefo11o8ing "e considered 8hen p1anning a

8e11: Por !r""#r 'tr$ination

+ra&t#r ra'int 'tr$ination Ca"in "ttin '!t "%&tion

Ca"in '"in

M#' D"in/ HS &on"i'ration" Continn&y !%annin

N5 T&ni#" %i 9BD/ MPD to 4 #"'

"!&ia%%y or $at#r =%'"



Rrn&"

• Dri%% or" Ha%%i4#rton 9"r ,#i'

• Mar D Wo4a& R"rvoir ,o$&ani&"t#toria%"

• tt!:5555i!rtri!&o$&a"in-'"in

• tt!:!tro%#$"#!!ort&o$%a-o.-t"t-&a%&#%ation"

• Ptro!y"i&" 4y Dr Pa#% ,%ovr

• %% Eninrin > Con"tr#&tion 4y H#""ain Ra4ia

• E#ro!an A""o&iation o ,o"&inti"t" >Eninr" (EA,E) Xo#rna%" > "ort &o#r""

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