adhd
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ADHDBy Regina Salice
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ADHD
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Affects children and adolescents and can continue into adulthood for some
• It is the most common neurobehavioral disorder among children
• Increased risk of childhood depression & anxiety disorders
• According to the Learning Disabilities Association of America, it is estimated that between 3% to 5% of kids have ADHD or approximately 2 million children in the United States.
• Also, many children with ADHD, approximately 20 to 30 percent also have a specific learning disability.
CITE: Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD). (n.d.). Retrieved 2011, from Learning Disabilities Association of America website: http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/adhd.asp
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Symptoms
For Children• Inattention
• Hyperactivity
• Impulsivity
For Adults• Anxiety
• Procrastination
• Mood swings
• Chronic boredom
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Causes
• Heredity
• Chemical Imbalance
• Brain Changes
• Poor Nutrition, Infections and Substance Abuse
• Exposure to Toxins
• Injury to the Brain or a Brain Disorder
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Effects on Student
• Low self esteem
• Learning disabilities
• Academic struggles
• In ability to focus and pay attention
• Social problems
• Sleep Issues
• Poor Handwriting
• Disorganized
• Note taking, study skills, and time management
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Effects on Family
• Parental stress
• Anxiety
• Attention
• Discipline
• Finances
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Effects on School
• Most children with ADHD are educated in standard classrooms
• Some are better in more structured environment.
• Special education is a type of schooling that is tailored to meet the specific needs of children with learning disabilities or behavioral disorders
• Not all children with ADHD qualify for special education
Cite: Special Education For ADHD. (2011). Retrieved from Webmd website: http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/ss/slideshow-adhd-in-children
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Ability to Learn
• Planning & Prioritizing
• Time Management
• Organization
• Memory
• Metacognition
• Flexibility
• Response Inhibition
• Self-Regulation of Affect
• Task Initiation
• Disengaging Attention
• Goal-Directed Persistence
• Sustained Attention
• Regulation of Processing Speed
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Treatment: Medications
Stimulants• Methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin,
Concerta, Metadate)
• Dexmethylphenidate (e.g. Focalin)
• Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine (e.g., Adderall, Dexedrine, Dextrostat)
• Lisdexamfetamine (e.g., Vyvanse)
Non-Stimulants• Atomoxetine (brand
name: Strattera)
• Modafinil (brand name: Provigil)
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Treatment Alternatives
Therapy & Counseling
• Monitor Behavior
• Builds Strengths
• Sets structure
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Educational Trends
• For students who have difficulty organizing time, materials and information, a variety of approaches can be used, including:
• a quiet, uncluttered homework space;
• alarm watch;
• purchased texts that can be marked with a highlighter;
• a homework assignment diary coordinated between home and school;
• study skills instruction; and
• a personally-developed date-book or scheduler.
CITE: Accommodations, Techniques and Aids For Learning. (2011). Retrieved from Learning Disabilities Association of America website: http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/accommodations.asp
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References • About AD/HD Causes and Brain Chemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved from National
Resource Center on AD/HD website: http://www.help4adhd.org/en/about/causes
• Accommodations, Techniques and Aids For Learning. (2011). Retrieved from Learning Disabilities Association of America website: http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/accommodations.asp
• ADHD May Have Lingering Effects. (2012, October 16). Retrieved from CNN website: http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/16/health/adhd-long-term-effects/index.html
• Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD). (n.d.). Retrieved 2011, from Learning Disabilities Association of America website: http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/adhd.asp
• Fowler, M. (2002). ADHD: School Issues and Interventions. Retrieved from Family Education website: http://school.familyeducation.com/add-and-adhd/learning-disabilities/57658.html
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CONT.• Harpin, V. A., Dr. (n.d.). The effect of ADHD on the life of an individual, their
family, and community from preschool to adult life. Disease In Childhood, 90(1). Retrieved from http://adc.bmj.com/content/90/suppl_1/i2.full
• How to treat AD/HD. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Center for Learning Disabilities website: http://www.ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/adhd-related-issues/adhd/how-to-treat-adhd
• Miller, K., Dr. (2011). Understanding the Mental Skills Affected by ADD and ADHD. Retrieved from Miller Educational Excellence website: http://millereducationalexcellence.com/adhd-add-autism-learning-disabilities/understanding-mental-skills-affected-by-add-adhd
• Sousa, D. A. (2007). How The Special Needs Brain Learns (Second ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
• Special Education For ADHD. (2011). Retrieved from Webmd website: http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/ss/slideshow-adhd-in-children
• Symptoms and Types. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Center for Learning Disabilities website: http://www.ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/adhd-related-issues/adhd/adhd-general-information