adeyl khan, faculty, bba, nsu alexandra hai women gondola operator - failed test 4 times - publicity...

Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU

Chapter 2Foundation of

Individual BehaviorAlexandra Hai

Women Gondola operator- Failed test 4 times

- Publicity Stunt!- Let the tradition live?

Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU2

Ability- We were not created equalAn individual’s capacity to perform the

various tasks in a job. (Strength and Weaknesses)

Two ability factors Intellectual Ability Physical Ability

Ability-JobFitEmployee’s

AbilitiesJob’s Ability

Requirements

Can you?•Act like Kajol•Play like Tendulkar


Intellectual Ability- IQ, LSAT, GMAT, GRE

The capacity to do mental activities Thinking Reasoning Problem Solving Dimensions

• Number aptitude• Verbal comprehension• Perceptual speed• Inductive reasoning• Deductive reasoning• Spatial visualization• Memory


IQ ImpactStrong correlation among various

Intellectual Ability Dimensions GMA 12 Minutes Intelligence test!

Timing, Question Sequence

Routine Jobs Job Performance

Job Satisfaction of smart people! No correlation

Expectation? Critical?

Adobe Acrobat Document


Physical AbilitiesThe capacity to do tasks demanding

stamina, dexterity (agility), strength, and similar characteristics.Strength Factors•Dynamic•Trunk•Static•Explosive

Flexibility Factors•Extent•Dynamic

Other Factors•Body coordination•Balance•Stamina

Exhibit 2-2 | P51Nine Physical Abilities


Biographical CharacteristicsAge

Resistance to change- Technology? Slow- less productive?

Age (+) Turnover ! (-) Absenteeism !

Avoidable (-) Unavoidable (+)

Productivity/Job performance (+) Job Satisfaction

Professional (+) Non-professional (u)


Biographical CharacteristicsGenderFew difference between men and women

from a job perspective Problem Solving Analytical skills Competitive drive Motivation, Sociability Learning Ability Absence~ More Women Voluntary Turnover (~)

The differences

•Conforming•Aggressiveness•Expect success•Work Schedule (Part-time, flexible hours, telecommuting


Biographical CharacteristicsRace

• Multi Ethnic roots• Favor ~ Performance Evaluations

Tenure (+)

• Productivity (+)• Absenteeism (-)• Turnover (-)• Job Satisfaction (+)

Religion

Sexual Orientation

• Domestic Partner Benefit 50% of F500• People who change gender!

Am I Biased?P 56


Learning- Going to schoolAny relatively permanent change in

behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

2–10

Learning Involves change

• Change Is relatively permanent• Is acquired through experience

Is it learning

• Going to school• Do you learn if you read?• Short term changes

3 Theories

of Learning


Learning Theories1. Classical ConditioningA type of conditioning in which an

individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response. The dog Experiment by Mr. Pavlov, 1900

Meat - Meat & Bell

2–11

Key Concepts

• Unconditioned stimulus• Unconditioned response• Conditioned stimulus (artificial, originally neutral)• Conditioned response

Sishu Park

Window Cleaning association


Learning Theories2. Operant ConditioningA type of conditioning in which desired

voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment. Behavior = f(Consequence)

Associate stimulus and behavior Vs. Feeling, thoughts, other states causes

behavior

2–12


Learning Theories2. Operant Conditioning …

2–13

Key Concepts

• Reflexive (unlearned) behavior• Operant (learned, voluntary) Behavior• Influenced by Reinforcement

• Behaviorism

Behaviorism (Skinner)

• Behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner• Feeling, thoughts & emotions are ignored! Stimulus

causes behavior irrespective of conscious awareness.

Grades (Behaviorism?)

Commission (Behaviorism?)

Behavior in Org. Setting- reflexive? Learned?


3. Social-Learning TheoryPeople can learn through observation and

direct experience. From Parents, Boss, Teachers, Pictures, TV Operant conditioning?

Behavior = f(Consequence) Objective? Perception?

2–14


3. Social-Learning Theory …Learning from models

Attention-al processes People recognize and pay attention to critical

features Learn from Models that are- Attractive,

Available, Important, Similar to us

Retention processes (Remember) Motor reproduction processes

Watch >> do Reinforcement processes

(Incentives/Rewards)

2–15


Shaping BehaviorSystematically reinforcing each successive

step that moves an individual closer to the desired response.

How to Reinforcement to change behavior Effective rewards The timing of reinforcement

30 vs 20 mins late

Molding

•Guiding the learning in graduated step


Shaping Behavior- ReinforcementPositive reinforcement

• Providing a reward for a desired behavior• Praise

Negative reinforcement

• Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs• Looking busily through your notes

Punishment

• Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior• Suspension for being late

Extinction

• Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause its cessation• Raised Hands for question

Why ?


Schedules of Reinforcement

Continuous Reinforcement

• A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is demonstrated.

Intermittent Reinforcement

• A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating but not every time it is demonstrated.

2–19

HR Manager (Praise)Slot Machines!

Why not Continuous?


Schedules of Reinforcement (Intermittent)

Fixed-Interval Schedule

• Rewards are spaced at uniform time intervals.

Variable-Interval Schedule

• Rewards are initiated after a fixed or constant number of responses.

2–20

Hourly Salaries Audits


Intermittent Schedules…

2–21


Intermittent Schedules …

2–22


Schedules of Reinforcement & Application

2–23

Fixed-ratio

Compliments

Paychecks

Pop Quiz

Piece-rate Pay

Commissions

Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU2–24

Behavior ModificationOB Mod- The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting.

Five Step Problem-Solving Model

Identify critical behaviors

Identify behavioral consequences

Evaluate performance improvement


OB MOD (Emery) Applications

Well Pay versus Sick Pay Reduces absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not absence.

Employee Discipline The use of punishment can be counter-productive.

Developing Training Programs OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness

Self-management Reduces the need for external management control

2–25


AssignmentIOA- Ch1-2

Duration: June 3- June 6


SummaryDefine the key biographical characteristics.Identify two types of ability.Shape the behavior of othersDistinguish between the four schedules of

reinforcement.Clarify the role of punishment in learning.Practice self-management

2–27

adeyl khan, faculty, bba, nsu alexandra hai women gondola operator - failed test 4 times - publicity...

Documents

nsu learning

u7 adeyl khan

meat meat bell211 adeyl

permanent change

learning experiences

various tasks

womenvoluntary turnover

grethe capacity