SHALLOW WELLS & SOLAR ENERGY

Addressing the sustainability and equitable access aspects in water

supply,

for IDPs and rural communities

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PURPOSE

To share practical experienceTo open discussion on the topic/ opportunity,

drawbacks and advantage Look into ways for improvement

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IOM EXPERIENCE

Boreholes with motorized construction, rehabilitation and upgrading (WY, MWY)Hand pumps (HDW and Boreholes)

Solar energy driven water schemes (BH and HDW)

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WHERE???

Localized AquiferBasement Complex aquifers: have low yields, and low storage, partially fractured. Wadi sand (alluvial deposits) aquifers: shallow depth, vary in saturated depth between the wet and dry season, but provide important storage of waterHand dug wells are among the main sources of water for Darfurian.

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WHERE???

HDWS AND SBHS WITH

SOLAR (IOM)IOM has substantive experience in solarization of shallow water points (HP and SBH)Kebkabiya (3), Karnoi (1), Zamzam (1), Korma (1), Tewilla (3), Alliet, Mellit,Most of the water points are hybrid (solar with back up generatorThe average cost varies from 45,000 to 70,000 USD depending the location of the water point

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HDWS AND SBHS WITH

SOLAR (IOM)IOM has substantive experience in solarization of shallow water points (HP and SBH)Kebkabiya (3), Karnoi (1), Zamzam (1), Korma (1), Tewilla (3)Most of the water points are hybrid (solar with back up generator)The average cost varies from 45,000 to 70,000 USD depending the location of the water point

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TYPICAL/SOLAR WATER

POINTSources: could be hand dug well or shallow borehole Distribution point, usually single with 10 faucet Elevated service tanker usually 15 to 20cubic meter Solar panels/ depend on the capacity (most of them are between 2 to 3KwPump/submersible pump

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TYPICAL IOM SOLAR

WATER POINTS

COMPARISON/ACCESS TO WATER

POINT

Based on HH consumption, actual no of beneficiaries, water taken from Taps or donkey cart

Not supply based, potential of water point or beneficiaries

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CONT….Non conventional definition

Targeted water users (TWU): the people or beneficiary, assumed to be served by the water scheme

Actual water users (AWU): number of people fetch water from the specific water point at least once in a given period

The water taken by jerry cane assumed to be used for domestic consumption only

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ZAMZAM MWYWater users (targeted 2100 people)

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Date No Beneficiaries %ben/targted

1/Jun/15 1459 69%

2/Jun/15 1613 77%

3/Jun/15 1848 88%

4/Jun/15 2774 132%

5/Jun/15 1070 51%

6/Jun/15 1501 71%

7/Jun/15 2805 134%

CONT…..Water consumption per head 11/7/2017

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

24/Jun/15 25/Jun/15 26/Jun/15 27/Jun/15 28/Jun/15 29/Jun/15 30/Jun/15

Lit

/cap

ita/

day

24/Jun/15 25/Jun/15 26/Jun/15 27/Jun/15 28/Jun/15 29/Jun/15 30/Jun/15Daily Average (Lit/Capita) 12 12 14 14 12 12 13Max Daily (Lit/Capita ) 48 60 32 32 27 34 32Min Daily (Lit/Capita) 2 6 4 6 5 5 4

WATER CONSUMPTION PATTERNZAZAM

CONT…..Summary Zamzam 11/7/2017

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41%

113%

78%

51%

134%

89%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

SURVEY FINDING, SUMMARYWATER USER

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No Well PIP1 ASM2 WUS3

(MAX/PIP) (%)

(MAX/ASM) (%)

(MIN/PIP) (%)

(MIN/ASM) (%)

(AVR/PIP) (%)

(AVR/ASM(%)

Indi4. HH5 Indi. HH Indi. HH Indi. HH Indi. HH Indi. HH Indi. HH Indi. HH

1 Hilaliya 500 83 883 129 260% 239% 147% 154% 104%

94% 59% 60% 166% 151%

94% 97%

2 Ana Bagi 550 92 940 138 249% 184% 146% 123% 51% 57% 30% 38% 117% 101%

68% 67%

3 Hagel 550 92 603 88 119% 83% 108% 86% 34% 31% 31% 32% 61% 47% 56% 49%

4 Hilat Abdulgani 550 92 678 99 223% 184% 181% 170% 61% 86% 49% 79% 93% 103%

75% 95%

5 Arkow 1000 167 1283 188 173% 128% 135% 113% 56% 44% 44% 39% 87% 66% 68% 58%

6 Togay 1000 167 1176 172 122% 119% 103% 115% 49% 44% 42% 42% 72% 65% 62% 63%

7 Al Nusub 5500 917 4480 657 32% 33% 39% 46% 16% 17% 20% 24% 25% 26% 30% 36%

8 Jebel Issa 5500 917 4530 664 46% 42% 56% 58% 9% 9% 11% 12% 28% 23% 34% 32%

9 Shegeshaw 5500 917 5150 755 77% 34% 82% 41% 35% 18% 37% 22% 55% 26% 59% 31%

Total 20650 3442 19723 2892 78% 59% 81% 70% 27% 23% 29% 27% 48% 37% 50% 44%

SURVEY CONSUMPTION11/7/2017

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Water consumption SPHERE

(SP)

Lit/day (Lit/C/day) Lit/day AV/SP) Lit/day MX/SP Lit/day MI/SP

1 Hilaliya 8000 15 18 118% 21 140% 16 105%

2 Ana Bagi 8250 15 13 85% 16 103% 11 71%

3 Hagel 8250 15 21 139% 29 193% 17 113%

4 Hilat Abdulgani

8250 15 29 194% 39 261% 22 145%

5 Arkow 16000 15 14 95% 30 201% 8 55%

6 Togay 16000 15 15 101% 17 115% 13 89%

7 Al Nusub 85000 15 27 178% 28 188% 25 167%

8 Jebel Issa 85000 15 30 199% 41 272% 25 167%

9 Shegeshaw 85000 15 27 178% 28 188% 25 167%

Total (average)

319750 15 21 143% 28 184% 18 120%

WATER CONSUMPTION (WC)

Minimum

(MI)

Average

(AV)

Maximum

(MX)

No Well Name

PIP[1] 

PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE11/7/2017

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CONT….

SOLARIZATION AS ALTERNATIVE AS MEANS TO

MAXIMIZE THE EXPLOITATION OF SHALLOW

GROUND WATER 11/7/2017

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Opportunities, Decreasing trend of solar product pricesGovernment policy support (strategic plans/ policy

frameworks, tax and other incentives)Donors priority to solar solutions in Sudan/ as path

to green development Conducive environment for PPP/ technical

expertise Solar schemes will last long years on their own

CONT… 11/7/2017

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Challenges Lack of technical expertise Initial higher capital as compare to other type of

water scheme with comparable capacity Security (looting of panels, etc)

SUMMARY

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Small water schemes tend to be more closer to water users and have greater accessibility as compare to big size water points

the climatological condition, the settlement pattern and other such physical and security factors make small scale solar driven water points more preferable over the others

Lack of technical capacity still the main challenge in Solarization of water points

THANK YOU

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