ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (3D PRINTING)AND ITS USE IN ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS

BRADFORD GILDONASSISTANT PROFESSORDEPT. OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION SCIENCES

WHAT IS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING?

• Rapid prototyping

• 3D printing

• Method of manufacture where layers of material are built up to create solid object

• CAD to STL; STL to G-Code; Print!

• Removal of prints from bed

• Post-processing often required

PREVIOUS INDUSTRY USE

• Mainly used for rapid prototyping and concepts/design in engineering, etc.

Number of printers under $5,000 sold globally per year – Wohlers report 2015

CONSUMER LEVEL PRINTING

• Miniatures for D and D and character game use

• Cartoon characters and knick-knacks

• Cosplay and Props

USEFULNESS…IN HEALTHCARE?! ALLIED HEALTH APPLICATIONS

MEDICAL IMAGING USE

SURGICAL APPLICATIONS

TYPES OF PRINTERS – MATERIAL EXTRUSION FDM/FFF(FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING / FUSED FILAMENT FAB.)

• Method of action• Melts filament; glue gun

• Materials used• Thermoplastic materials • PLA, ABS, PC, Nylon, etc.

• Cost of printer• $ - $$• $150 - $10,000

• Applications• Quick, cost effective for non-functional prototypes, planning models, etc.

TYPES OF PRINTERS – PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION SLA / DLP(STEREOLITHOGRAPHY / DIRECT LIGHT PROCESSING)

• Method of action• Photopolymerization – resin undergoes photo stimulation, chemical reaction hardens it

• Materials used• Photopolymer resin

• Cost of printer• $$ - $$$

• $3,000 - $15,000

• Applications • Parts with fine details, smooth finishing surface

• Jewelry, investment casting and dental/medical applications

TYPES OF PRINTERS – POWDER BED FUSION SLS / SLM(SELECTIVE LAYER SINTERING / SELECTIVE LASER MELTING)

• Method of action• Thermal source induces fusion between powder particles

• Materials used• Lasers and electron beams

• Plastics and metals

• Cost of printer• $$$ - $$$$

• Applications• Design freedom (no support) for complex geometries

• High strength and stiffness

TYPES OF PRINTERS – MATERIAL JETTING NPJ / DOD(NANO PARTICLE JETTING / DROP ON DEMAND)

• Method of action• Compared to 2D ink jetting process

• Materials cure/harden when exposed to light or high temps

• Materials used• Photopolymers, metals, or wax

• Cost of printer• $$$$

• Applications• Realistic prototypes, excellent high detail and high accuracy

• Multiple materials and colors in one print

FILE TYPES AND SOFTWARE• .STL

• Stereolithography file; standard triangle language; standard tessellation language

• .OBJ• Geometry file, similar to STL

• CAD • several types; often proprietary to software

• DICOM • Digital imaging and communication in medicine

• .NRRD• Nearly raw raster data

• .MIX• Meshmix document; image exchange file containing vectors or raster graphics

• .gcode (G-code)• Generic term for control langue of CNC or RepRap machines; controls print speed, movement, flow, etc.

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL IMAGING

• Software INTENSE!

• Phantom

• CT exam DICOM data

• DICOM Slicer program .NRRD

• .NRRD Segmentation software (Democratize3d, Amira, Avizo, etc.) .STL

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL IMAGING• Import into slicing program (Simplify 3D,

Slic3r, ideaMaker, MatterControl, etc.)

• Make edits to print orientation, support/scaffolding structures, layer thickness, infill, etc. .gcode

• .gcode Print!

MIRS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND 3D PRINT LAB

• Printing of:• Model for anatomical teaching / understanding

• Anatomical models for surgical planning

• Sterilizable, surgical cutting and drilling guide models

• Prototypes for research / development

• Instruction of students in all aspects of image acquisition, data/file conversion and manipulation, and printing

• Printer acquisition this fall; functional lab in early spring 2018 for both teaching and printing

INTERESTED – WANT YOUR OWN PRINTS?

• http://library.ouhsc.edu/3dprintpolicies

• No investment needed!

• Library has 2 printers for education prototype and even personal use!

• For class or educational item; free

• For personal use, $2 setup fee plus cost of filament

GET INVOLVED!

• 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG)• Available on D2L; can add yourself

• Meets weekly, Thursdays, @ 4:00 pm in the north end of the CAH atrium

• Discuss various projects from week to week, or answer questions and share info

RESOURCES

• www.3DHubs.com – excellent resource for info on 3D printing technology, specificprinters, materials, and more

• www.tinkercad.com – introductory CAD software for creating ones own objects to print

• www.thingiverse.com – repository of ready-made .stl and .obj files

• www.myminifactory.com – second place for ready-made .stl and .obj files

• www.embodi3d.com – biomedical 3D printing community with medical .stl files, tutorials, and forums

• www.ou.edu/innovationhub.html Innovation Hub (in Norman)

PREVIOUS PRINTSTEXAS TORTOISE

PREVIOUS PRINTSROTHCHILD’S GIRAFFE

PREVIOUS PRINTSPELVIS PHANTOM

PREVIOUS PRINTSHEART WITH AXIAL SEGMENTATION

PREVIOUS PRINTSRESOLUTION OF STRUCTURES

PREVIOUS PRINTSFUN!