additional notes parts & functions of a computer
TRANSCRIPT
Parts & Functions of a Computer
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Functions of a Computer
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Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software
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PC Hardware Components
• Outside computer case: input/output devices
• Inside the case: processing and storage– CPU – most important component
• Requirements of a hardware device– Method for CPU to communicate with it
– Software to instruct and control it
– Electricity to power it
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Hardware Used for Input and Output
• Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
• Popular input devices:– Keyboard– Mouse
• Popular output devices:– Monitor– Printer
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PortsPhysical Interface between a computer and another computers or devices
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components
• Processing– CPU (most important)– Chip set
• Temporary storage– RAM– Cache memory
• Electrical system– Power supply connections
• Communication with other devices– Traces– Expansion slots– System clock
• Programming/setup data– Flash ROM– CMOS setup chip
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The Motherboard
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set
• Controls most activities on the motherboard
• Includes several device controllers
– USB controller
– Memory controller
– IDE controller
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The Chip Set (continued)
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Storage Devices
• Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
– Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them
– Faster to access than permanent storage
• Permanent (secondary storage)
– Data and instructions must be copied into
primary storage (RAM) for processing
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Primary and Secondary Storage
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Primary Storage Devices
• Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards
– Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
• Types of boards that hold memory chips
– SIMMs
– DIMMs
– RIMMs
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RAM Chips
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Types of RAM Modules
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Secondary Storage Devices
• Hard drives
• CD-ROM drives
• DVD drives
• Zip drives
• Floppy drives
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Hard Drive
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EIDE Technology
• Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives
• Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
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Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
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CD-ROM Drive Connection
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Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices
• The data bus
– bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers
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Data Bus
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System ClockClosely related to system time is process time, which is a count of the total CPU time consumed by an executing process.
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Clock Speed
• Of motherboard
– Measured in megahertz (MHz)
• Of CPU
– Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)
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The Electrical System
• Power supply
– Most important component of computer’s electrical system
– Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle
– Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case
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The Electrical System (continued)
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The Electrical System (continued)
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Instructions Stored on the Motherboard
• ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
– System BIOS
– Startup BIOS
– CMOS setup
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ROM BIOS Chip
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Motherboard Configuration Settings
• CMOS chip
– Stores setup (configuration) information
– Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off
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Summary
• Introduction to hardware components of a computer system
• Initial insight into how hardware works