ADDIEInstructional Design Model

The Staff Trainer’s BlogCathy Cousear

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Instructional System Design (ISD)

• Instructional Systems Design (ISD) is the process for creating instructional systems.

• It is both systematic and scientific in that it is documentable, replicable in its general application and leads to predictable outcomes.

• Requires creativity in identifying and solving problems.

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Instructional Systems Design (ISD)

• Includes several phases, analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation.

• Includes systems theory and problem solving methodology.

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ADDIE

• Each major components is liked to others.• Evaluation activities can reveal when revisions are

required in each of the other four components.• Problem solving activities occur within each

components.• The overall process is not always followed in a strictly

linear manner.

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The ADDIE Model

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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What is ADDIE?

• Analyze

• Design

• Development

• Implementation

• Evaluation

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Analysis Phase

• Data gathering segment of the instructional design process.

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Analysis

• First determine the needs for which instruction is the solution.

• Conduct an instructional analysis to determine the target cognitive, affective, and motor skill goals for the course.

• Determine what skills entering students are expected to have, and which will impact learning in the course.

• Analyze the time available and how much might be accomplished in that period of time.

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Seven Questions required answers during analysis

1. What is the need?2. What is the root cause?3. What are the goals of the training?4. What information is needed, and how is it

gathered?5. How ill the training be structured and organized?6. How will the training be delivered?7. When should the training be revised?

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Data Collection Methods

• Focus groups• Interviews• Questionnaire• Surveys• Observation• Examination of

performance and productivity measures

• Documentation Collection and verification

• Job duties • Delphi studies• Job diaries

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Quick Approach to a Performance Gap Assessment

• Identify the problem.• Analyze the task and conditions of the job.• Analyze the current performance levels.• Identify the cause of the problem.• Identify the desired performance outcome.• Identify the expectations of your training as related

to the outcome.

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Design

• Design is the blue printing stage of instructional systems during which instructional designers create the blueprint for a project.

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Design

• Translate course goals into overall performance outcomes and major objectives.

• Determine the instructional topics or units to be covered and how much time will be spent on each.

• Sequence the units with regard to the course objectives.

• Flesh out the units of instructions, identifying the major objectives to be achieved during each unit

• Define lessons and learning activities for each unit.

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Design

• Provide for attention and motivation• Present the learning objectives• Recall prerequisite of related knowledge• Present the new content• Provide for learner guidance• Provide for practice• Provide feedback• Provide for retention and “transfer”

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Development

• Materials production and pilot testing are the hallmarks of development. At this stage, most non-designers begin to see progress.

• Preparation of materials to be used in the learning environment.

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Purpose of Objectives

• Gives the trainees a clear understanding of what will be covered in the course.

• Ensures the designer includes all necessary content for the course.

• Helps the designer focus on the need to know.• Basis for the learner’s evaluation.• Sets the criteria on how the course will be evaluated.

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Development

There are four categories of development:• Working within an existing curriculum • Modifying existing material.• Incorporating elements of existing material into a

new course.• Building a new course.

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Development

There are several principles during the development stage:

• Well-established objectives• Innovative objectives• Team approach• Instructional design vs. media production

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Development

• Make decisions regarding the types of learning activities and materials.

• Prepare draft materials and/or activities.• Try out materials with target audience members.• Revise, refine, and produce materials and activities.• Produce instructor training or adjunct materials.

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Implementation

• At the implementation phase, the design plan meets the learner and the content is delivered. The evaluation process that most designers and learners are familiar with takes place here.

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Implementation

• Market materials for adoption by instructors and potential learners.

• Provide help or support as needed.

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Implementation

Five Principles apply to the implementation stage:• Develop a learning management system that is

adequate for the requirements of the situation.• Provide learner support.• Plan for change.• Plan for delivery environment.• Plan for maintenance of the system.

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Evaluation

• Evaluation is a constant guard at the gate of failure.• Is the final stage in the ADDIE model.

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Evaluation

• Implement plans for learner assessment.• Implement plans for program evaluation• Implement plans for course maintenance and

revision.

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Evaluation

Five types of evaluations:• Materials evaluation• Process evaluation• Learner reaction• Learner achievement• Instructional consequences

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References

Gagne, R., Wager, W., Golas, K. Keller, J. (2005). Principles of Instruction Design .Belmont, CA, Wadsworth

Hodell, C. (2011). ISD from the ground up: a nonsense approach to instructional design (3rd ed.) Alexandria, Virgina: ASTD Press

Piskurich, G. () (2nd ed). Rapid instruction design: learning ID fast and right. San Francisco, California: Pfeiffer

Rothwell, W., Kazanas, H.C. (2008). Mastering the instructional design process (4th. ed).San Francisco, California: Pfeiffer

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