addiction and recovery: a wellness perspective
TRANSCRIPT
Addiction and Recovery: A Wellness Perspective
Shirley Gedney-Rubel
Southern New Hampshire University
Addiction and Recovery: A Wellness Perspective
•Addiction is a serious public health issue
•Addiction affects personal functioning in many areas
•Recovery is often a lifelong struggle
Eight Dimensions of Wellness
Figure 1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014
What is Addiction?•Addiction is a primary chronic disease of
brain reward
•Characteristics: Compulsive using and cravings with periods of recovery often followed by relapse
•Addiction is progressive and may result in disability or premature death
American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2015.
What is Recovery?
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014
•Recovery is a process of change
• Individuals improve their health and wellness, live self-directed lives, and strive to reach their full potential
•Recovery is built on access to evidence-based clinical treatment and recovery support services
Moral Theories of Addiction
Moral Theories of Addiction
• Proposes that addiction is a personal choice
• Individuals lack willpower and moral principles
• Emphasizes punishment over rehabilitation
Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012.
Biological Theories of Addiction
Biological Theories of Addiction• There are many biopsychological theories of
addiction
•Commonalities include adaptations of neural pathways, changes in neurochemistry, craving, and relapse
•Of particular interest is the reward pathway and the neurotransmitter dopamine
Skinner & Aubin, 2010.
Addiction and Recovery: A Wellness Perspective
• The moral model fails to account for physical symptoms
•Brain imaging shows changes in structure and function
• Empirical studies support a biological basis for addiction
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012.
Traditional Treatments
Complementary Therapies
Economics of Addiction
Economic Impact of Addiction
Figure 2. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2008.
Economic Impact of Addiction
Figure 3. "National Drug Control Budget: FY 2016 Funding Highlights" (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy), February 2015, Table 3, p. 18.
The Cost of Recovery
Figure 4. Incarcerated women have high rates of substance abuse, mental disorders, and other health problems. *Note: Graph shows lifetime percentages except for multiple drugs, alcohol, and cocaine, which are the percentage reporting use in the 30 days prior to incarceration. (N=60). Drugabuse.gov, 2014.
The Human Cost
Addiction and Recovery: A Wellness Perspective
References• American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). (2015). Definition of addiction.
[Web]. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2015, from http://goo.gl/YXD01
• Brewer, J., Elwafi, H., & Davis, J. (2013). Craving to quit: Psychological models and neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness training as treatment for addictions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(2), 366-379. doi:10.1037/a0028490
• Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. (2012). Foundations of addictions counseling (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Executive Office of the President of the United States. (2015). National drug control budget: FY 2016 funding highlights. Retrieved April 21, 2015, from http://goo.gl/rzbg9E
• Foddy, B., & Savulescu, J. (2010). A liberal account of addiction. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 17(1), 1-22. doi:10.1353/ppp.0.0282
References• Hyman, S. (2005). Addiction: A disease of learning and memory. The American
Journal of Psychiatry, 162(8), 1414-1422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1414
• International Narcotics Control Board. (2014). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2013. [Web]. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/OvzVQ7
• Khanna, S., & Greeson, J. (2013). A narrative review of yoga and mindfulness as complementary therapies for addiction. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21(3), 244-252. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.01.008
• McGinty, E., Goldman, H., Pescosolido, B., & Barry, C. (2015). Portraying mental illness and drug addiction as treatable health conditions: Effects of a randomized experiment on stigma and discrimination. Social Science & Medicine, 126, 73-85. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2012). Medical consequences of drug abuse. [Web]. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/v5E49j
References• Office of National Drug Control Policy. (2012). Fact sheet: Cost benefits of investing
early in substance abuse treatment. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/6TMai3
• Skinner, M.D., & Aubin, H.-J. (2010). Craving’s place in addiction theory: Contributions of the major models. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 34, 606-623. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2014). Recovery and recovery support. [Web]. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/l5LExS
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2014). Wellness home. [Web]. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/TjuQF7
• Wise, R. A., & Koob, G. F. (2014). The development and maintenance of drug addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39, 254-262. doi:10.1038/npp.2013.261