Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Electric Bus and Train

17th September 2014

KAIST OLEV(On-line Electric Vehicle) Transport

System

Selected as one of the World’s Top 10 Emerging

Technology of 2013 at the World Economic

Forum(WEF) in Davos

Selected as one of the

World’s Best

Inventions of 2010 by

the American weekly

news magazine, Time

2

I. Overview of KAIST OLEV Transport System

Ⅱ. OLEV Bus Technology

Ⅴ. Future Challenges and Expected Effects

-3-

-6-

-23-

Ⅲ. OLEV Train Technology -14-

Ⅳ. Key R&D Achievements -18-

3

Battery Problems

Weight

Price

Volume

Mileage

Charging Problems

Charging time

Efficiency

Safety concerns

User convenience

Environmental

pollution

(C02 Emission

Regulation)

Need for developing

EV

Limitations to

Commercialization

Breakthrough

research for

overcoming the

limitations

Exhaustion of

oil resource

4

January_ 29th Research Planning by National Science and Technology Council

May_ R&D fund support by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

November_ Time magazine’s 2010 Best Inventions

March_ Completion ceremony of Seoul Grand Park pilot test system

April_ R&D fund support by Ministry of Knowledge and Economy

November_ R&D fund support by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (1styear)

July_ OLEV tram commercial operation at Seoul Grand Park

September_ Establishing companies in order to promote domestic and foreign commercialization

* Domestic: OLEV Co., LTd (September 2011) / Overseas: OLEV Tech (March 2011)

2009

2010

2011

May-August_ Demonstration operation for OLEV bus in Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea

September_ Certification of power infrastructure and OLEV bus

Demonstration operation for OLEV Bus at KAIST campus 2012

October_ R&D fund support by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (2nd year)

February_ The top 10 emerging technologies 2013 by World Economic Forum

August_ Demonstration operation of OLEV bus in Gumi City area

2013 June_ Demonstration of 60kHz SMFIR technology with its application to catenary-free trams (200 kW)

March_ Demonstration of 60kHz SMFIR Technology with its application to high speed train(1 MW)

Commercial operation of OLEV bus in Gumi City area

2014

5

6 6

Power collection with high transmission

efficiency installed at vehicle underbody

Business-competitive under-

road power supply

Reduced capacity to 1/3~1/5

of BEV battery Power Inverter

3phase

440V/60Hz 200A

20kHz

Powered Track

Pick-up System

Battery

7

•Acquisition of core technology :

SMFIR(Shaped Magnetic Field in Resonance)

•The SMFIR is “Shaped Magnetic Field in Resonance”

technology, which safely delivers high amounts of energy to

an electric vehicle while it is stationary or in motion.

Source Current Magnetic flux B

(travels through air)

Generate Voltage

Amperes law

Faradays law (induction)

8

Power inverter

•Generate high-frequency

current

•High-efficiency resonant

control

Road embedded

power line

•Meet safety standards for

EMF

Pickup module

•Installed under vehicle

•Contactless power transfer

Regulator

•Battery charge or motor

driving

•Charging while stopping or

driving

9

Source Acceleration Constant driving Deceleration Destination

Driving

mode

Charging while

stopping

Charging while

driving Battery powered

Regenerative

braking

Charging while

stopping

Features

- Installation ratio of power supply line is below 20%

- Power loss is minimized by applying segmentation control technology to power supply lines

- Solving EMF safety concerns

- No extra time is required for recharging battery because of real time wireless charging

- Safe and convenient charging

10

11

12

< The power supply and pickup system

implemented in laboratory> < Output powers, power loss, and power

transfer efficiency as functions

of pickup current >

급/집전 장치 Power Inverter

( Eff. 96% )

Embedded Rail

( Eff. 95%)

Pickup Module

( Eff. 90%)

Regulator

( Eff. 98%)

Power Eff. 80.1%

Input

125kW

Output 100kW

(Eff. 80%)

Power Efficiency and loss of Each Part

13

Bus Layout

Components in Bus – Pickup Module : 5, Rectifier : 5, Regulator : 1

< The KAIST OLEV Electric Bus >

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◈ Design Requirements for OLEV Train

- Developed 60kHz wireless charging technology for high-capacity,

high-efficiency and low-cost

- Air gap : 7cm

Power transfer efficiency : above 85 %

Rated regulator output power : 180kW

Verification & test of wireless power charging system

60 kHz

inverter

system

with

200 KW

2 Segment

power line

(1segment :15m)

Pickup module

with 180 KW Rectifier

module with

180 KW

16

Pickups and regulator installation

[Pickup]

[Regulator]

[Power Line]

17

Measured power efficiency and output voltage and current waveform

Measured power efficiency:

85 ~ 90% at the 7cm air-gap

Regulator input voltage [200V/div]

Regulator output current [50A/div]

Regulator output voltage [200V/div]

Tram battery

charger on

Controlled regulator

output voltage: 800V

Tram battery

charger off

100 120 140 160 180 20060

70

80

90

100

Input power [kW]

Eff

icie

ncy

[%

]

18

◈ The Top 10 Emerging Technologies List (February.15.2013)

- The OLEV was selected as one of the Top 10 emerging technologies

in 2013 by World Economic Forum

◈ The World’s 50 Best Inventions List (Nov. 22, 2010) - The OLEV was selected as one of the TIME’s Best Inventions in 2010

◈ Publication of quality articles - Proceedings of the IEEE, Coil Design and Shielding Methods for a Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System(Apr. 2013.) - IEEE Spectrum, Charging Up the Road(Apr. 2013.)

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2009 MEST *

[Core technology]

2010-2011 MKE*

[Practical technology]

2012-2013 MLTM*

[Commercialization]

Outcome

• Development of

original power supply

and collection

technology

• Implementation and

verification of core

technology

• Improving core

technology

• Development of

common-core

technology to verify

usability

• Construction of

standard power supply

infrastructure and bus

system

• Commercial operation

of OLEV bus and

infrastructure by local

governments (2013)

Cost 25 million 15 million 20 million

Specification

Air Gap 20 cm 20 cm 20 cm

Efficiency Max. 72% Max. 80% Max. 85%

Power

Capacity 60kW 75kW 100kW

Patents •Domestic : 125

•Foreign : 9

•Domestic : 127

•Foreign :52

•Domestic : 21

•Foreign : 5

* MEST : Ministry of Education, Science and Technology * MKE : Ministry of Knowledge Economy * MLTM : Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs

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Contents Progress Remarks

Frequency Completion of frequency allocation

(20kHz, 60kHz)

KCC (Korea Communications

Commission)

Road Structure

Revision of the road

decree allowing power line

installation

MLTM (Minister of Land, Transport and

Maritime Affairs)

Electrical Safety Electrical safety standards for OLEV

power supply system

MKE (Ministry of Knowledge

Economy)

Vehicle Certification OLEV vehicle safety standards MLTM

(Minister of Land, Transport and

Maritime Affairs)

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OLEV Co.,Ltd. OLEV Technologies

◈ Name : OLEV Co.,Ltd.(Joint Venture)

◈ Business Area : KOREA & Asia

◈ Business Scope

- Power supply infra construction and OLEV

vehicle manufacturing

- Commercialization in Seoul Grand Park

- Commercialization at Gumi City is in progress

Technology transfer agreement was signed in

September 2011

◈Name : OLEV Technologies

◈ Business Area : U.S.A.

◈ Business Scope

- Power supply infra construction and OLEV

vehicle manufacturing

- Commercialization at Boston Rogan Airport is

being tried.

◈ Technology transfer agreement was signed in

March 2011

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Area Contents

Railroads BRT, PRT, Light rails, Subways and

Rapid-transit railways

Automobiles

Intra-city buses, Town buses,

Expressway buses, Taxis, Cars, Golf

cars, Trucks and other transportation

vehicles in large-scale complexes

like factory districts

Leisure Safari, Boats and Amusement park

Airport /

Seaport Aircraft / Ship

Home

Appliances /

Robots

TV, Refrigerator / Industrial and

Military Robots

Mobile devices Laptops, Mobile phones and Mobile

players

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