Adaptive Clouds

Fluxology SA

byPaul Peters

©2010 All rights reservedFluxology SA Proprietary and Confidential

Why clouds ?• Machines are becoming logical, hardware becomes software

• Reduced price of abstraction leading to virtualization

• Virtualization leads to more flexibility with converging trends in– Hardware virtualization (run on a logical machine)

– Operating System virtualization (run multiple logical machines)

– Storage virtualization (e.g. Storage Area Network, Archiving)

– Network virtualization ( https://www. some-place.geo )

– Desktop virtualization (log in and start working on any machine)

– Data virtualization (Master Data Management, Information-aaS)

– Application virtualization (Software-aaS, Composite Apps)

• Flexibility leads to agility, scalability, reliability, reduced costs, increased security and operations.

• Device - and location independence.. *-as-a-Service, Thick-clients

Connection patterns

Abstracted models Concrete reality

Why adaptive ?• Adaptive = real-time automatic autonomous flexibility • Dynamic serviceability achieves more with less in 24 x 7 x 365 follow-the-

sun economics• History matters.. physical limits of existing and future environments can

not keep up with speed of progress• Technological convergence of mainstream computing, with mobile, with

ambient / pervasive computing, with telematics• Functional convergence of business automation with technical automation• Command and Control can not deal anymore with current levels of ICT and

business complexity• Keeping the lights on - ICT is good enough when costs equate to value, but

defines a competitive dead end• Dynamic location-based gathering, pre-fetching, caching• Machine-to-Machine communication: the “Internet Of Things”, using

smart-tags on everything, is predicted to be possible in the order of one trillion sensors... which needs an internet with at least a thousand times the current capacity.

Augmented Reality = Virtual Reality projected onto the physical world

Why adaptive clouds ?

• Proximity matters• Reduce costs with an estimate 30%.• Location-aware ambient services (e.g. office assistant)• Continuous improvement without disruption (perpetual beta)• Self-optimizing relaying for collaborative platforms • Demand-driven pay-per-use augmented reality• Fully knowledgeable (weather, traffic) smart route planning• Smart factory halls allowing for personalized manufacturing• Pre-loading medical records to place of accident• Pre-loaded blue prints in case of fire and emergencies• Mix telephony, computer, electricity, television networks with

processing, memory, sensors.. decentralized processing power.

What is the core business?

After years of ERP, CRM, PLM and SCM, did capabilities really improve far beyond Moore’s Law and Nielsen’s Law*?

Moore’s Law: number of transistors on an integrated circuit double every 2 yearsNielsen’s Law: network connection speeds double every 21 months

Service-Oriented Business

Using de-coupling and re-assembling of applications and interfaces a business can become a pluggable enterprise, spanning logical, legal and local boundaries.

Service-Oriented Virtual EnterpriseGuiding principles:

• Reuse, granularity, modularity, composability, componentization and interoperability.

• Standards-compliance (both common and industry-specific).

• Service identification and categorization, provisioning and delivery, monitoring and tracking.

Design and Define principles:

• Service encapsulation – Wrap functionality inside a service façade.

• Service loose coupling – Minimize relational dependencies only requiring to maintain mutual awareness.

• Service contract – Communications agreement, as defined collectively by service-description documents.

• Service abstraction – Beyond descriptions in the service contract, logic is hidden from the outside world.

• Service reusability – Logic is divided into services with the intention of promoting reuse.

• Service composability – Collections of services can be coordinated and assembled into composite services.

• Service autonomy – Services have control over the logic they encapsulate.

• Service discoverability – Outwardly descriptive so to be found and accessed via discovery mechanisms.

• Service relevance – Functionality is presented at a granularity recognized by a user as meaningful.

• Service optimization – All else equal, high-quality services are generally preferable to low-quality ones.

Beyond Virtualization• Internet usage is speeding up• Amount of data is growing faster than

physical capacity.• Financial and environmental costs of

data centres are exploding.• Cost per search - same energy cost as

using a 100-watt light bulb for an hour• US Environmental Protection Agency

estimates data centers are responsible for 1.5 % US energy use

• The internet is just 20 years young..

Shipping containers as Data Center cartridges

The costs of search.. (one of Microsoft’s computer rooms)

Laptops, Phones, PDA, Tablets, Telematics, Domotics turn into... smart human interaction devices of varying degrees of enrichment and connectivity, interfacing with universally accessible composite applications. Hyperbrowsers...

What box ?Osmosis = when the sun heats a leaf, it expands, creating suction which moves water and minerals from the stem to the leaf.

Location-aware ICT environments• Decentralized federated virtualization using artificial organic

behaviour

• Relevance-lifecycle-driven data exposure • Goal-driven functional composite application hierarchies• Collaboration-driven technical composite application hierarchies• Activity-driven instantiation, scalability and proximity of

functional Lego-bricks for optimized relaying and resource usage

• Adaptive virtualization using a semi-static physical infrastructure. Hardware turns logical and non-local

• Functionally semi-static, yet technically semi-dynamic application infrastructure using adaptive virtualization

• Generalized composite applications using adaptive application infrastructure (catalogue of functions)

• Personalized enterprise mash-ups using composite applications• Smart clients enabling any kind of access to mash-up desktops

Flocking and SwarmingThree simple rules:

1. Separation - avoid crowding neighbors (short range repulsion)2. Alignment - steer towards average heading of neighbors3. Cohesion - steer towards average position of neighbors (long

range attraction)

Why like this ?Traditional Clouds

• Clouds, public or private, dynamic infrastructures, space based computing, grids, service fabrics and application tapestries are solutions of reduced static behaviour, at best a subdivision of adaptive clouds. They do not conflict, but are a functional lock-in.

• Virtualized applications can reduce the cost of testing, packaging and supporting an application by 60%, and they reduced overall TCO by 5% to 7% in our model. –Gartner

• While green issues are a primary driver in 10% of current data center outsourcing and hosting initiatives, cost reductions initiatives are a driver 47% of the time and are now aligned well with green goals. Combining the two means that at least 57% of data center outsourcing and hosting initiatives are driven by green. –Gartner

• Case studies on smart uptime planning show a reduction from 24 to 15 hours.

Adaptive Clouds

Use virtualization to mix mobility and non-locality leading to the following: • Reduced network load by computation bundling• Overcome network latency by proximity optimization• Overcome networking and interoperability bottlenecks

by dynamic encapsulation (automatic request ordering and prioritization for a local flock)

• True dynamic adaptation depending on environment• Asynchronicity allows for parallel processing (distribute

requests over a dynamically scalable application, batch up requests for delayed processing)

• Autonomy means fewer dependencies, increased robustness and fault-tolerant

• Reduced maintenance costs due to compartmentalization, autonomy and generic runtime

• Future proof. The missing link for wide-scale adoption for mixes with Augmented Reality, Internet Of Things, Mobile and the Real-Time Web

• Exploit complexity instead of avoiding it. ICT and business is like making music with an instrument, if the inside of the instrument is neglected, abused or overly restricted, one can’t even tune the instrument to play a tune..

Use Cases1. Online medical record in a smart city:

Assume every wireless antenna station has been upped with affordable redundant generic processing power (8 x Quad core CPU, 256 GB RAM, 2 TB RAID 1+0 Solid-State Drives).

Someone’s car reports a consistent anomalous position to the city’s traffic tracking system and in combination with other factors an accident and the possible victims are identified. Medical records are pre-fetched from the online database and sent to the site and highlights to the nearest by ambulance, so that networking is minimized. Traffic is automatically rerouted to avoid the scene as well as allow a green-wave generic sequence of green traffic lights for the ambulance. Once the medics are on site they give much more accurate treatment than normally possible, maybe even prepared themselves because of further available information, such as people dialing in, surveillance cameras or personal health-monitors which send of vital stats into the cloud. While on the way to the hospital treatment details, the results and other vitals can be sent towards the Emergency room and maybe even switch hospitals because of available capability, due to real-time medical negotiation and prioritization. None of this requires a major investment if the smarts is offloaded into the network.

2. Adaptive on-demand value chain – Low-cost general purpose distribution centers are introduced, which due to environmental conditions are impossible to be run profitably during the whole year. Instead of building a warehouse with conditions suitable for harsh winters and extreme summers, the distribution center is only active during spring and autumn conditions. Using simple means such as projectors and moveable walls, the appearance of the site can change rapidly. To deal with overcapacity tasks can shift easily with throughput or delays, from warehouse to distribution site to a marketplace.. The required specialty programs for adaptive roles for ‘objects’ are rented on a pay-per-use basis.

Similarity

1. Personalized browsing for kids, elderly, handicapped, different languages (e.g. real time translation to surf in Mandarin) has unpredictable load and too diversified for centralized optimization

2. Multi-channel encapsulation, e.g. voice wrap SAP with a smart chatbot3. Desktop as an ambient workspace, crystallizing on a device, or

combinations of several, depending on personal choice and proximity4. Augmented Reality with shared live video and audio streams for

collaborative experience5. Virtual business park with pay-per-use hosted capabilities for

technology start-ups6. Allow intensive tasks to reside near the ‘core’ of the internet, and allow

lightweight tasks to reside in the fringes.7. Increased security by clear separation of security zones8. Adaptive integration platforms for data, applications, information,

business-to-business9. Use proxy-sites as mini-data centers/processing portals10. Automatic detection and resolution of capacity bottlenecks11. ICT competition is mainly about path dependency of proprietary

solutions. He who sets the open standards, wins.

End notesUsual IT environments are static, having to provide the maximum means for a process involving much processing power, but only runs once a month. Mere virtualization can help here. Yet a deeper issue is at play, most IT environments are locked in by a level of overwhelming complexity, from which they cannot evolve much further, and they cannot retro-fit some order. “Trying to keep the lights on” their competitive advantage of a once smart use of ICT has reduced, maybe even gone negative. For these IT does not matter.

With the advent of more forms of real-time enterprise, complex event processing, sensors and many other devices, with the rise of cooperative and collaborative company forms, and with the gradual demise of non-standard based hardware and software, often deliberate, sometimes the result of cutting edge usage.., the old IT model does not suffice anymore.

Hybrid models allow dynamic behaviour within static bounds, ensuring a minimum of available functionality which can scale up navigating the waves of activity based on time and location. These are within our reach, now, with technologies which have been researched and developed for already two technology innovation cycles. Airplanes use it to land, when does the IT environment dare to take off? It is time to go organic.