Adapting the Livestock and Fish (L&F) program Impact Pathway(s) to the Ethiopia Small Ruminant Value chains

Michael Kidoido

Impact pathways for Ethiopian small ruminant value chains workshop

Addis Ababa, 23rd April 2013

Background to the Consortium performance management system

CGIAR’s ambition is to achieve the SLOs of:• -Poverty reduction

• -Food security

• -Nutrition and health

• -Environmental sustainability

• Delivering through CRPS such as the L&F CRP • CO is working with CRPS to develop a Results Based

system that will be used to assess CRPs’ progress towards achieving the SLOs

• The management system will be based upon the Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

IDOs • According to the Independent Science and Partnership

Council (ISPC) IDOs represent changes that occur in the medium term that are

intended to affect positively the welfare of the target population or the environment, and which result in part from the research carried out by the CRP

IDOs are attributable to the CRP level and are necessary precursors and are logically linked to the SLOs

• The definition therefore highlights the need to develop the CRPs Impact Pathway(s) and Theory of Change to clearly explain how the CRPs believe that their research with partners will lead to the IDOs and the SLOs

Objectives of the workshop• Communicate and validate the program’s

intervention logic in the Ethiopia small ruminants value chains

• Question and clarify the program’s potential for achieving impact in the value chains

• Begin building a framework for subsequent evaluation of the program

Impact pathways• Are result chains that represent the various steps that lead from product

development to having impact at scale through successive stages of outcomes as a result of adoption and use of the products by different types of users at different scales

• Can be represented by a narrative or a flow diagram• Commonly presented graphically.

Development Outcomes

Impact

Research Outputs

Research Outcomes

Theory of change (TOC)• Explicit identification of the ways by which change is expected to occur from

output to outcome and impact. • The TOC questions the assumptions about causality underlying the relationships

between outputs, outcomes and impact.

Development Outcomes

Impact

Research Outputs

Research Outcomes

Description of causal mechanism, with evidence

Description of causal mechanism, with evidence

Description of causal mechanism, with evidence

Results Strategy Framework and IDOs

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Pro-poor technologies and institutional innovations, methods and tools for identifying and prioritizing appropriate value chain sites and interventions, strategies and mechanisms for scaling up and out, partnerships and capacity

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Monitoring, Evaluation and learning

Figure 1: A Livestock and Fish (L&F) CGIAR program Results Strategy Framework

More milk, meat, and fish by the poor

More milk, meat, and fish for the poor

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1. Improved food security; 2. Reduced poverty; 3. Improved nutrition and health; 4. sustainable management of natural resources C

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1. Increased productivity; 2. Increased quantity supplied; 3. High and equitable income; 4. Reduced nutrient gap; 5. Lower environmental impacts and higher benefits per unit produced; 6. Enabling environment

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International dissemination of research outputs, widespread use of the research outputs,

Impact Pathway 1 Impact Pathway 2

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s Improved uptake of technologies by beneficiaries, NARES, NGOs, and Government extension systems; change in capacity in the value chains; improved coordination along the value chains

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L&F IDOs1. Increased livestock and fish productivity in small-scale production systems for the

target commodities (SLO2)

2. Increased quantity and improved quality of the target commodity supplied from the target small-scale production and marketing systems (SLO2)

3. Increased employment and income for low-income actors in the target value chains, with an increased share of employment for and income controlled by low-income women (SLO1)

4. The target commodity responsible for filling a larger share of the nutrient gap for the poor, particularly for nutritionally vulnerable populations (women of reproductive age and young children) (SLO3)

5. Lower environment impacts and higher benefits per unit of commodity produced in the target value chains (SLO4)

6. Policies (including investments) and development actors recognize and support the development of the small-scale production and marketing systems, and seek to increase the participation of women within these value chains, will contribute to all outcomes at the system level (SLO2)

Generic program Impact Pathway(s)

Set of Assumptions for the value chain IP • Addressing whole value chain will improve relevance, uptake and effectiveness

of innovations. • Focus and targeting will increase efficiency and the probability of achieving

proof at scale. • Implementation of demand driven innovations in the right value chains with

partners will accelerate the program’s progress towards achieving outcomes and impact.

• A significant numbers of pre-commercial smallholders can become market oriented and intensify production sustainably.

• Pro-poor value chains can compete and generate sufficient incentives to promote investment in intensification.

• The poor rely on animal-source food produced locally by smallholders and from less formal marketing channels.

• The poor will consume more ASF if availability and access of products improves from those systems.

• Increased and equitable consumption of ASF will improve nutrition and health.

Set of risks for the value chain IP• Focusing on a few value chains might limit geographical spread of research

benefits. • Social inequalities bar women and other marginalized groups from taking up

innovations, limiting achievement of outcomes at scale.• High transaction costs of managing a complex network of partnerships. • Income and gender inequalities are exacerbated due to program

implementation. Set of assumptions for the IPG IP• Work on localized solutions can generate regional and global public goods.• Focus and targeting will increase the probability of achieving proof at scale. • Implementation of appropriate innovations in the right value chains with

partners will accelerate the program’s progress towards achieving outcomes and impact.

Set of risks for the IPG IP• Focusing on a few value chains might limit geographical spread of research

benefits. • High transaction costs of managing a complex network of partnerships.

M&E/IA next steps • Finalize ToC/IP at program and value chain/country level

– Will include IP workshops in value chains

• Support ongoing evaluations• Support reviews and meta-analyses

– Review of recent VC project evaluations (approaches and findings)

– ASF in diets of the poor– Compile recent impact assessments relevant to L&F ToC/IPs

Examples of evaluations to validate the ToC • Ex ante analysis for priority assessment • User evaluations of potential or prototype innovations • Evaluations of technologies or interventions (e.g. treatment effects

assessments)• Outcome assessments document the uptake and use of research

outputs by users • Ex post impact studies• Other - reviews, synthesis, meta-analyses

CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish

livestockfish.cgiar.org