adaptations of don quixote published in brazil - the construction of the literary fame

8/23/2019 Adaptations of Don Quixote Published in Brazil - the Construction of the Literary Fame

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Silvia CobeloSupervisor: Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira

Limit date: 01-01-2015

Topics in the Sociology of TranslationFFLCH- USP

April, 30th 2013


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IntroductionBrief Project History

Object and Central ResearchQuestion

CorpusMethodology

Problems, doubts, concerns...

The Romantic approach


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MA dissertation about the history of the translations ofDon Quixote published in Brazil,from 1942 to 2009. Since our local archives are not complete, I had to adapt themethodology found in Williams & Chesterman and, especially, Pym to get sufficient datato produce translators biographies and a catalog. My final dissertation also presents anoverview of the publishing companies, publishers and other people involved, such asparatext authors and critics and interviews with four of the translators.

During my research, I started to find several adaptations ofDon Quixote, and organized acatalog, collecting data such as author (or adapter), publishing company, year, edition,number of pages, illustrations and artist. I started with the recurrence of some titles, itsrepublication since the first edition until today and the phenomena of readaptation ( newversions from the same matrix) .


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The central object of my thesis is to unfold the publishing history of the variousversions of DON QUIXOTE and learn more about the adapters, to collect data onthose involved and their respective power and authority with regard to thesepublications, and to understand the construction of literary fame of DON QUIXOTEand its interrelation with Cervantes rewritings.

central research question:

The major aim of the thesis is to find out which interpretation prevailed inBrazilian adaptations.


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From a catalog of 50 adaptations,10 works were selected, within thefollowing criteria:

Not a translation

Written in prose

For public with more than 10 yearsold

Republished more than five times(XX) or three times (XXI)


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XIX - XX

JANSEN, Carlos. D. Quixote de La ManchaFirst edition 1886.

LOBATO, Monteiro. Dom Quixote das crianas First edition 1936

LESSA, Orgenes. Dom Quixote First edition1971

ANGELI, Jos. Dom Quixote - First edition1985

XXI

CARRASCO, Walcyr. Dom Quixote - First edition2002

GULLAR, Ferreira. Dom Quixote de La Mancha -First edition 2002

RIOS, Rosana. Dom Quixote First edition 2005 CHIANCA, Leonardo. Dom Quixote - First edition

2005

MACHADO, Ana Maria. O Cavaleiro do Sonho. Asaventuras e desventuras de Dom Quixote de La

Mancha - First edition 2005.

PINTO, Fabio Bortolazzo. Dom Quixote.Primeira edio 2008


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ADAPTATION ANALYSIS:

I have prepared a list for help me compare each adaptation, but making it clear that this is a researchproject, of course, there will be changes along the way:

1- Description of the main characters - Don Quixote, Sancho Panza and Dulcinea. 2- Language: direct /indirect speech, sanchesco verbiage (proverbs and linguistic prevarications), vulgar words, and romantic

keywords) and in the paratexts and metatexts (Genette). 3- Grotesque (eschatology, whores, sex, attack ofthe monks). 4- Relationship between Don Quixote & Sancho Panza (Cobelo, 2009, Urbina, 1999, amongothers). 5- Pseudo translation and apocryphal DON QUIXOTE (Benengeli, Avellaneda). 6- Key EpisodesKeywords: Beginning of the book (Somewhere in La Mancha ...), episode ofBatanes, Don Quixote caged,enchanted Dulcinea, episode Dukes and Barataria, defeat against the Knight of the White Moon, and DonQuixotes death scene.

HISTORIOGRAPHY:

Since the Brazilian national archives are not complete, I had to adapt, as Ihad done for my M.A. dissertation, the methodology found in Williams &Chesterman (2002) and Anthony Pym (1998, 2010) to get sufficient datato produce a catalog and translators biographies. To deal with the

metatext (Genette, 2009) survey, I will search newspaper and magazinearchives as well as book review blogs.

A data sheet will summarize the analytical information for eachadaptation as follows: 1- Publishing data. 2- Paratexts. 3- Number andkind of illustrations. 5- Index (chapters title).


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Can I use TS methodology to study adaptations?

Passive & Active Readaptations:

Anthony Pym (1998:82) began the debate by proposing two types of retranslation.The retranslations diachronic, synchronic as well as, but detached by geopoliticalissues or dialect, situations where there is little or no rivalry (or knowledge)between one version and another, are designated passive retranslations.The translations that coexist in the same timeline, cultural and geographical areactive retranslations.

PROBLEM: Although I agree with the criticism that new editions of an oldtranslation tend to reinforce its validity, I am reluctant to accept the assertion thatretranslation work is done in a contrary motion, challenging and/or demeaning thefirst versions of a given work. It is not what I have found in the case of translations

of DON QUIXOTE, and I do believe it will also be the case for their adaptations,something that I hope to answer at the end of my research.


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Significant numbers of versions and reprints of old translations and adaptationsseem to be related to the high demand and well-accepted nature within theculture of arrival.

Usually essays on retranslation raise the same question as that which emergedwhen I began my research: why adapt a book that has been already translated

and how do these new works differ from previous ones? (Koskinen, 2003). Among the reasons listed by Gambier (1994:414-416) to re-translate a text that

has already been translated, I found many questions with which I had beendealing. Hutcheon (2006) has raised similar questions: Which texts are chosen?Why is a book adapted more than once? How and by whom are they

rewritten? When and how often are they rewritten? Who publishes? What

influences these rewritings?

Gralar (2009:236), after presenting several studies discussing the decline ofthe authority says *...] retranslation is a function of the dynamics of the targetcontext, rather than a response to any inherent properties of the source text.

PROBLEM: My object of study prevents me from accepting fully the above

view, since according to Edward Riley (2002:38); one of the reasons for theacclaimed perennial success of DON QUIXOTE should be in the text itself.Anthony Close (1998 & 2006), a critic that provides an excellent overview ofthe authors who have influenced the reading of Quixote since its publication in1605, explains that allowing different interpretations, often resulting inopposing readings, the book would have absorbed a wide variety of readersand admirers during its four centuries in existence.


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The romantic interpretation of DONQUIXOTE has predominated since theearly nineteenth century, and despiteefforts made by contemporary critics,the book is still seen more as tragedythan a comedy. The novels maincharacter is usually assumed to be anidealized image of a dreamer.


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Andr Lefevere (1992) also forces us to rethink the so-called intrinsic value ofa literary work, which he believes has less importance than it is granted,emphasizing the importance of rewriting the literary evolution, and the needfor more studies on the topic. When someone claims to have read a book, itusually means this person has an image, a conception of the story. Their point

of view is usually based on some passages, selected through anthologies, orother texts that rewrite the work. These rewritings are mainly responsible forthe image of a writer, a work, a period, a genre, and often an entire

literature. These images are very powerful, and can reach more people thanthe source works, and a good example is DON QUIXOTE.

Lefevere points to the path towards which my investigations on Cervantinerewritings has moved when he concludes that manipulation of texts is moreevident in translated texts, suggesting the possibility of a comparative analysis,the collation of the text of departure with the texts manipulated. From mypoint of view, it shows, quite clearly, that adaptations as a whole have beenvery influential in establishing the reputation of a writer and his work,

something that is central to my research on the adaptations of Don Quixoteand the feedback of literary fame. As seen in my results, the rewriters alsobecome famous (especially the most republished), with some help from theirDONQUIXOTES versions.


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How do you they feel about the followingstatement?

If a writer is no longer rewritten, his orher work will be forgottenLefevere (1992:110).


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MAIN REFERENCES

CLOSE, Anthony. Interpretaciones del Quijote. In: CERVANTES, Miguel. Don Quijote de la Mancha. Miguel de Cervantes. FranciscoRico (ed.). Barcelona: Ed. Crtica, 2001._________. The Romantic Approach to Don Quixote: A Critical History of the RomanticTradition in Quixote Criticism . CambridgeUniversity Press, 2010.

__________. Don Quijote, Felipe II y la tecnologa de la escritura. Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America,Bloomington, Indiana, v. 1. n. 29, 2009, p. 197-207. Disponvel em:. Acesso em: 04 jan. 2013.GAMBIER, Yves. La retraduction, retour et dtour. Meta: Journal des traducteurs, v.39 n.3, p. 413-417, 1994.GENETTE, Grard. Paratextos Editoriais. Traduo lvaro Faleiros. Cotia SP: Atli Editorial, 2009.GRALAR, ehnaz Tahir. Retranslation. In: BAKER, Mona e SALDANHA, Gabriela (eds.). Routledge Encyclopedia of TranslationStudies. 3a ed. Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge, 2009, p. 233-236.KOSKINEN, Kaisa. Retranslations in the age of digital reproduction. Cadernos de Traduo, v. 1, n. 11, p. 19-38, 2003.LEFEVERE, Andr. Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London: Routledge, 1992.

__________. Why waste our time on rewrites? The trouble with interpretation and the role of rewriting in an alternative paradigm.In: HERMANS, Theo (ed). The manipulation of literature: Studies in Literary Translation. Londres & Sidney: Croom Helm, 1985, p.215-243.__________. Translation/history/culture: a sourcebook. London, NY: Routledge, 1992.__________. Mother Courage's Cucumbers: Text, System and Refraction in a Theory of Literature. In: VENUTI, Lawrence (ed.). TheTranslation Studies Reader. London & New York: Routledge, 2005, p. 239-255.RILEY, Edward C. La singularidad de la fama de don Quijote. Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America, 22.1, 2002._________. La rara invencin: Estudios sobre Cervantes y su posteridad. Barcelona: Editorial Critica, 2001.PYM, Anthony. Method in Translation History. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1998.

__________. Humanizing Translation History. Hermes, Aarhus, DE, n. 42, p. 23-48, 2009.VIEIRA, Maria Augusta da Costa. O Dito pelo No-Dito. So Paulo: Edusp, 1998.__________ . Apresentao de D. Quixote. In: CERVANTES, Miguel. O engenhoso cavaleiro D. Quixote de la Mancha. TraduoSergio Molina. So Paulo: Editora 34, 2002.__________ (org.). Dom Quixote: A letra e os caminhos. So Paulo: Edusp, 2006._________. A narrativa engenhosa de Miguel de Cervantes. So Paulo: Edusp, 2012.WILLIAMS, Jenny; CHESTERMAN, Andrew. The Map. A beginners guide to doing research in Translation Studies.Manchester: St.Jerome, 2002.
http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/artics09/BotelloS09.pdfhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/artics09/BotelloS09.pdf


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Silvia Cobelo

FFLCH-USP

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

adaptations of don quixote published in brazil - the construction of the literary fame

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