†cvkv‡Ki hZœ I cwicvU¨Zv

f~wgKv

†cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i cwi”QbœZv, †mŠ›`h© I ’vwqZ¡ wbf©i K‡i Gi h‡Zœi Ici| Ah‡Zœ I msiÿ‡Yi ÎæwU‡Z A‡bK

mgq g~j¨evb KvcoI e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx n‡q hvq| myZivs †cvkvK cwi”Q` e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡j Kvc‡oi Rwgb

Abyhvqx †Kvb Kvco Kxfv‡e hZœ wb‡Z nq Ges e¨env‡ii ci Kxfv‡e msiÿY Ki‡Z nq, †m m¤ú‡K© Rvbv GKvšÍ

cÖ‡qvRb| mwVK wbq‡g hZœ wb‡j †cvkvK cwi”Q` †UKmB nq, my›`i _v‡K Ges A‡_©i mvkªq nq| GQvov e¨w³MZ

¯v¯’ iÿvi Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡jv cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv| ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv iÿv‡_© wbR †`n I †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i

cwi”QbœZv cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| cwi®‹vi †`n I cwicvwU †cvkvK †`n I g‡bi my¯’Zv eRvq iv‡L|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n

cvV- 17.1 : e ¿ †aŠZKiY

cvV- 17.2 : e ¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~e© cÖ ‘wZ

cvV- 17.3 : e ¿ msi¶Y

cvV- 17.4 : cwicvU¨Zv I ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv

cvV- 17.5: †cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g e¨w³Z¡ cÖKvk

cvV- 17.6 : AcÖ‡qvRbxq e‡¯¿i e¨envi

BDwbU

17

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 170

e¯¿ †aŠZKiY

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¯¿ ﮋ †aŠZKi‡Yi cªYvwj eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb;

K…wÎg Zš‘i e¯¿ †avqvi c×wZ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

wewfbœ cwi®‹viK `ªe¨ I Avbylw½K `ªe¨vw`i cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

†Kv‡bv Kvco ev †cvkvK wKQzw`b e¨envi Ki‡j gqjv n‡q e¨env‡ii A‡hvM¨ n‡q hvq| ZLb Zv mvevb,

†mvWv ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwi®‹viK w`‡q ay‡q e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx K‡i wb‡Z nq| A‡bK mgq †avqvi ci

Kvc‡oi ¯vfvweK KvwVb¨ I D¾¡j fve Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ bxj, ÷vP© BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvM K‡i Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡j KvcowU cÖvq

bZz‡bi g‡Zv g‡b nq| Kv‡RB mvevb, †mvWv BZ¨vw` w`‡q e¯¿ cwi®‹vi Kivi ci cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx bxj, gvo, Bw¯¿

BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Avbylw½K cÖwµqv cÖ‡qvM K‡i e‡¯¿i †mŠ›`h© wdwi‡q AvbvB e¯¿ †aŠZKiY| e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi g~j

D‡Ïk¨ `ywU- 1| Kvc‡oi gqjv `~i K‡i cwi®‹vi Kiv,

2| cwi®‹vi Kvc‡oi ¯vfvweK †mŠ›`h© e„w× Kiv e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi cªYvwj‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-

1| cvwb‡Z †fRv‡bv

e ¿ †fRv‡bvi Rb¨ memgq g„ y cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Li cvwb e¨env‡i Kvc‡o `vM covi m¤¢ebv _v‡K|

AZ¨waK gqjvhy³ mv`v mywZ I wj‡bb e¯¿ †avqvi c~e© †ek K‡qK N›Uv mvevb cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivLv †h‡Z

cv‡i| mgq Kg _vK‡j 2/3 N›UvI wfwR‡q ivLv hvq| Gi d‡j e‡¯¿i Zš‘i g‡a¨ cvwb Xz‡K ÷vP©, ayjv,

evwj BZ¨vw` gqjv AvjMv K‡i †`‡e|

iwOb Kvco n‡j jeY cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivLv DwPZ| G‡Z Kvc‡oi is ¯’vqx n‡e| †Zgb gqjv bv n‡j iwOb

Kvco cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

KvPuv i‡Oi Kvco †avqvi c~‡e© KLbI cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivLv hv‡e bv|

†ikg I ckg e¯¿vw`i Zš‘ A‡cÿvK…Z `ye©j I g~j¨evb nIqvq †avqvi Av‡M cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivLvi

cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

2| gqjv `~i Kiv I †avqv

mv`v mywZ I wj‡bb e‡¯¿i gqjv `~i Kivi Rb¨ g„`y Mig cvwbi mv‡_ mvevb, mvev‡bi ¸uov, wWUvi‡R›U,

†mvWv BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i gqjv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| †K¬vwib ev DMÖ weøwPsI AZ¨waK gqjvhy³ e‡¯¿ e¨envi

Kiv hvq| dzUšÍ cvwb A‡cÿv Aí Mig cvwbB G‡ÿ‡Î †ewk Dc‡hvMx| e‡¯¿i gqjv cwi®‹v‡ii ci aea‡e

mv`v fvewU dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ mvevb cvwb‡Z 5-7 wgwbU †dvUv‡Z nq| Zvici K‡qKevi Mig cvwb I

me‡k‡l VvÛv cvwb w`‡q ay‡j aea‡e mv`v fvewU dz‡U I‡V|

iwOb e¯¿vw`i gqjv cwi®‹v‡ii Rb¨ VvÛv cvwb ev g„`y Mig cvwb‡Z (100-110 wWMÖx dv‡ibnvBU) mvevb ev

wWUvi‡R›U ¸‡j gqjv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| gqjv D‡V †M‡j cvwb w`‡q ay‡q me‡k‡l 1 wjUvi VvÛv cvwb‡Z 1

†Uwej PvgP wf‡bMvi wgwk‡q 2-3 wgwbU KvcowU wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| †avqvi mgq is weeY© n‡q †M‡j

G‡Z Avevi J¾¡j¨ wd‡i Avm‡e|

cvV-17.1

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 171

†ewk Mig ev †ewk VvÛv Dfq cÖKvi cvwbB ckg e‡¯¿i Rb¨ ÿwZKviK| ZvB 100 wWMÖx dv‡ibnvBU

ZvcgvÎvq 4.5 wjUvi g„`y cvwb‡Z Avav †Uwej PvgP A¨vgwbqv I fv‡jv wWUvi‡R›U, jv· ev †RU mvev‡bi

¸uov wgwkÖZ K‡i Lye ZvovZvwo gqjv cwi®‹vi K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| AZ¨waK ÿvi RvZxq mvevb G‡ÿ‡Î

e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| ckg e ¿vw` Lye †ewkÿY cvwb‡Z †d‡j ivL‡Z †bB| G‡Z K‡i e¯¿ k³ I msKzwPZ

n‡q hvq| gqjv cwi®‹vi n‡q †M‡j GKB ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z evievi ay‡q †Zvqv‡j w`‡q Rwo‡q cvwb ï‡l

wb‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î e¯¿ KLbI †gvPov‡bv DwPZ bq| ckg e¯¿vw` iwOb n‡j A¨vgwbqv e¨envi Kiv hv‡e

bv| ‡avqvi ci 4.5 wjUvi g„`y Mig cvwb‡Z 1 †Uwej PvgP wfwbMvi I mg cwigvY jeY wgwkÖZ K‡i †avqv

†h‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j e‡ ¿i J¾¡j¨ wd‡i Avm‡e|

†ikg e‡¯¿i Rb¨ AZ¨waK ÿvi hy³ mvevb Ges Mig cvwb ÿwZKviK| Cl`yò cvwb‡Z wbDUªvj wWUvi‡R›U

e¨envi K‡i gqjv `~i Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| iwOb e‡¯¿i †ÿ‡Î mvevb cvwb e¨envi bv K‡i ﮋ †aŠZ ev WªvB

Iqvk A_v©r †c‡Uªvj e¨envi KivB DËg|

3| bxj I ÷vP© cÖ‡qvM

mvevb I †mvWv e¨env‡i mv`v e¯¿vw`‡Z †h nj‡` fve †`Lv hvq Zv ~i Kivi Rb¨ e¯¿vw` bx‡ji cvwb‡Z

†Wvev‡bv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h bx‡ji cvwb Kvco †Wvevevi mgqB cÖ ‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

KvcowU fv‡jvfv‡e Svov w`‡q wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Kvc‡o †Kv‡bv fuvR c‡o bv _v‡K| Av‡iv jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e

†h, bx‡ji cvwb‡Z Kvco †ewkÿY Wzwe‡q ivLv hv‡e bv, Gi d‡j Kvc‡o `vM c‡o hvevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

mywZ I wj‡bb e‡¯¿ ÷vP© cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j KvwVb¨ I PKP‡K fve eRvq _v‡K| Gi d‡j Kvco Lye ZvovZvwo

gqjvI nq bv| ÷v‡P©i `ªe‡Y KvcowU K‡qK wgwbU wfwR‡q †i‡L, wbs‡o wb‡q AwZwi³ ÷vP© †ei K‡i

Kvco ïKv‡Z w`‡Z nq|

4| ﮋ Kiv

mywZ I wj‡bb e¯¿ mv`v n‡j †iv‡` ev Nv‡mi Ici ïKv‡Z w`‡j aea‡e mv`v fve dz‡U I‡V|

mywZ, wj‡bb I †ikg e¯¿ iwOb n‡j Qvqvq ïKv‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|

ckg e¯¿ Cl`yò cvwb w`‡q ay‡q c~‡e© Gu‡K ivLv

bKkvi Ici Uvb Uvb K‡i wewQ‡q f~wgi mgZ‡j

evZv‡m ïKv‡Z w`‡Z nq| ïKv‡bvi mgq gv‡S gv‡S

e¯¿wU †U‡b w`‡j e‡ ¿i ¯vfvweK AvK…wZ I b¤ªZv

wVK _v‡K| G ai‡bi e¯¿ n¨v½v‡i Szwj‡q ev `wo‡Z

†g‡j w`‡q ïKv‡bv DwPZ bv| G‡Z K‡i e‡¯¿i

AvK…wZ bó n‡q hvq|

wPÎ-17.1.1: ckwg Kvco †avqvi Av‡M bKkv AsKb

5| Bw¯¿ Kiv

Kvco Bw¯¿ Kivi Rb¨ mwVK IR‡bi GKwU Bw¯¿ I mwVK D”PZvi GKwU AvqiY †evW© cÖ‡qvRb| A‡bK

mgq †Uwe‡ji Ici cyiæ Pv`i, K¤j ev Kuv_v wewQ‡qI Bw¯¿ Kiv hvq|

mywZ I wj‡bb e¯¿ n‡j Bw¯¿ Kivi c~‡e© KvcowU‡Z mgfv‡e cvwb wQwU‡q 1-2 N›Uv †Zvqv‡j w`‡q †cuwP‡q

ivL‡Z nq| Gici mwVKfv‡e Kvco fuvR K‡i wbav©wiZ ZvcgvÎvq Bw¯¿ Ki‡Z nq|

iwOb e‡¯¿i †ÿ‡Î Lye Mig Bw¯¿ e¨envi bv KivB DËg|

ckg e‡¯¿i †ÿ‡Î Aí †fRv _vK‡ZB e¯¿wU D‡ëv K‡i Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq| ïwK‡q †M‡j GKwU †fRv

gmwjb Kvco ckwg e‡¯¿i Dc‡i †i‡L Bw¯¿ Ki‡Z nq|

†ikg e¯¿ GKUz †fRv _vK‡ZB Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq| ïwK‡q †M‡j cybivq nvjKv wfwR‡q wb‡Z nq|

Bw¯¿ Kivi ciciB e¯¿vw` Avjgvwi‡Z Zz‡j ivL‡Z †bB| Kvc‡o †h Rjxq ev®ú _v‡K Zv †_‡K GK cÖKvi

dv½vm R‡b¥| d‡j Kvc‡o wPZv c‡o Ges †du‡m hvq|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 172

wkÿv_©xi KvR

mywZ, wj‡bb, †ikg I ckg e¯¿vw` †aŠZKi‡Yi Dcvq c„_K Pv‡U© D‡jøL Kiæb|

ﮋ †auŠZKiY

cvwb e¨envi bv K‡i we‡kl ai‡bi wKQz ivmvqwbK cwi®‹viK `ªe¨ e¨envi K‡i Kvco cwi®‹vi Kiv‡KB ﮋ

†aŠwZKiY ejv nq| wKQz wKQz †ikwg I ckwg Kvco mvevb cvwb‡Z ay‡j msKzwPZ nq wKsev is P‡U hvevi m¤¢vebv

_v‡K| GB c×wZ‡Z Kvco †avqv n‡j Kvc‡oi AvKvi AvK…wZ I D¾¡jZv eRvq _v‡K|

e¨eüZ DcKiY: ﮋ †aŠZKi‡Yi Rb¨ A‡bK cÖKvi ivmvqwbK `ªveK e¨eüZ nq| Gme Zij c`v_© m¤ú~Y©

cvwbk~b¨ _v‡K| Avi Zv‡Z wKQzUv cvwb _vK‡jI Zv Zzjv ev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †kvlK w`‡q cvwbk~b¨ Kiv nq| †Kbbv G

RvZxq Zi‡j cvwb _vK‡j Zv w`‡q Kvc‡oi gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq bv|

DcKi‡Yi †hme we‡klZ¡ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb -

ﮋ †avjvB‡q e¨eüZ Zi‡ji Kvi‡Y †hb e‡¯¿ MÜ ˆZwi bv nq|

wKQz Zij Av‡Q hv †ewk DØvqx-evZv‡m mn‡R D‡e hvq Ges Gi d‡j †avjvB‡q †ewk LiP nq| Avevi

wKQz Zij c`v_© Av‡Q Kg DØvqx-G‡Z Kvco †`wi‡Z ïKvq| †m Kvi‡Y gvSvgvwS DØvqx ZijB ﮋ

†avjvB‡qi Rb¨ DËg| Z‡e `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Zi‡ji wgwkªZ `ªve‡K ﮋ †avjvB fv‡jv nq|

ﮋ †avjvB-G e¨eüZ cwi®‹viK `ªe¨vw` ev Zij c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ †c‡Uªvwjqvg B_vi, Uvi‡cbUvBb Kve©b

†UÆv‡K¬vivBW, †ebRj, †ebwRb I †c‡Uªvj -D‡j L‡hvM¨| Gme KqwU cwi®‹viK `ª‡e¨i g‡a¨ †c‡U&ªvjB

†ewk e¨eüZ nq| KviY †c‡U&ªvj A‡c¶vK…Z m¯Ív I mnRjf¨|

†avqvi wbqg: ﮋ †aŠZKi‡Yi wewfbœ avc¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

cÖ_‡g Kvco †_‡K AvjMv gqjv †S‡o †dj‡Z nq|

cwi®‹viK Zij c`v_©wU‡K cvwbk~b¨ K‡i wb‡Z nq|

cici PviwU cv‡Î H cvwbk~b¨ Zij c`v_© †X‡j wb‡Z nq|

cÖ_g cv‡Îi Zi‡j wKQyUv †ebwRb mvevb ev wjmvcj RvZxq ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ †gkv‡j fv‡jv nq| KvcowU

cÖ_g cv‡Îi Zi‡j Wzwe‡q iMwi‡q Zzj‡Z nq|

Zvici KvcowU nv‡Z †P‡c h_vm¤¢e Zij c`v_© †ei K‡i ch©vqµ‡g wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© cv‡Îi Zi‡j

ay‡q wb‡Z nq| PZz_© cv‡Îi Zi‡j wKQzUv wfwbMvi wgwk‡q †bIqv DËg|

Gfv‡e †avqvi ci KvcowU Qvqvq ïKv‡Z nq| ïKv‡bvi mgq KvcowUi g~j AvKvi msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ gv‡S

gv‡S †U‡b c~e©vKv‡i G‡b wb‡Z nq| G‡Z Kvc‡oi AvKvi msKzwPZ nq bv|

KvcowU Gfv‡e ïKv‡bvi ci Gi Dci †fRv Kvco wewQ‡q Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq|

mZK©Zv: ﮋ †aŠZKiY c×wZ‡Z K‡qKwU mZK©Zvg~jK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z nq|

- Kvco †avqvi ¯’v‡b evZvm PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v _vKv `iKvi

- Kvco †avqvi ¯’v‡b ev KvQvKvwQ ¯’v‡b †hb Av¸b bv _v‡K

- Kvco †avqvi Zij †hb †g‡S‡Z bv c‡o|

Gfv‡e †ikwg I ckwg e ¿ ﮋ c×wZ‡Z evwo‡ZI †avqv hvq|

bvBjb, cwj‡q÷vi BZ¨vw` K…wÎg Zš‘i Kvco †avqvi c×wZ

K…wÎg ev wmb‡_wUK Zš‘i e¯¿ cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivL‡j mn‡R bó nq bv| †ewk gqjv e¯¿ Cl`yò mvevb cvwb‡Z

wfwR‡q ivL‡j mn‡R cwi®‹vi nq| Kvco †avqvi mgq KLbI †gvPov‡Z nq bv| Av‡¯Í _y‡c _y‡c ay‡Z nq| cvwb

e`‡j GKvwaKevi cwi®‹vi cvwb e¨envi K‡i gqjv I mvevb `~i Ki‡Z nq| Zvici Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b `wo‡Z Uvwb‡q

ïKv‡Z nq| GB Zš‘i e¯¿ ‡jv †aŠZKi‡Yi d‡j †Zgb KzÂb c‡o bv e‡j Bw¯¿ bv Ki‡jI P‡j|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 173

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq †h e‡¯¿i ¯vfvweK †mŠ›`h© wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Zš‘i e¯¿ cwi®‹viKi‡Y

wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi®‹viK I Avbylw½K `ªe¨vw` e¨eüZ nq| wKQz e¯¿ cwi®‹viK Ges Avbylw½K `ª‡e¨i weeiY †`qv

n‡jv-

cwi®‹viK `ªe¨

mvevb: mvevb GKwU mnRjf¨ I DËg cwi®‹viK DcKiY| Avgv‡`i e¨envh© †ewkifvM KvcoB mvevb w`‡q KvPv

nq| mvev‡b Kw÷K †mvWvi cwigvY †ewk _vK‡j †mB mvevb e¯¿ cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx bq| e¯¿ cwi®‹viK

mvevb Aek¨B †`L‡Z nj‡` ev Mvp i‡Oi n‡e bv, mvevb Ggb k³ n‡e n‡e hv‡Z Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Pvc w`‡j MZ©

n‡e bv, mvev‡bi Mv gm„Y n‡e| mvevb Kvc‡oi gqjv‡K †ei K‡i a‡i iv‡L, cvwb w`‡q ay‡j gqjvmn mvevb ay‡q

hvq Ges Kvco cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V|

Kvco KvPv †mvWv: Kvco KvPv †mvWv‡K †mvwWqvg Kve©‡bU e‡j| †ewk gqjv Ges ˆZjv³ m~wZ I wj‡bb Kvco

cwi®‹vi Kiv, RxevYygy³ Kiv I yM©Ügy³ Kivi Rb¨ †mvWv e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e meiKg Kvc‡oi Rb¨ †mvWv

e¨envi Kiv wVK bq| †mvWvi AwZwi³ ¶v‡ii cÖfv‡e †ikwg I ckwg Kvco bó n‡q hvq|

¸uov mvevb: eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡k ¸uov mvev‡bi eûj e¨envi †`Lv hvq| cv‡Î cwigvY gZ cvwb wb‡q ¸uov mvevb

¸wj‡q †dbv ˆZwi K‡i mn‡R A‡bK Kvco KuvPv hvq| ûBj, wZeŸZ, †RU, wib †nvqvBU cvDWvi BZ¨vw` wewfbœ

bv‡g ¸uov mvevb cvIqv hvq| Gme ¸uov mvev‡b ¶viRvZxq Dcv`vb _v‡K e‡j Kvc‡oi aib ey‡S mveav‡b e¨envi

Ki‡Z nq|

A¨v‡gvwbqv: GUv GK cÖKvi Zxeª M¨vm| mvaviYZ cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Ae¯’vq A¨v‡gvwbqv evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq|

mv`v †ikg I ck‡gi e¯¿ cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ Li cvwb‡K A¨v‡gvwbqvi mvnv‡h¨ g„`y Kiv nq| iwOb e¯¿ G ai‡bi g„`y

cvwb‡Z cwi®‹vi Kiv nq bv| KviY A¨v‡gvwbqvi d‡j iO P‡U hvevi m¤¢ebv _v‡K| KLbI KLbI Kvc‡oi `vM

IVvevi Rb¨I GwU e¨envi Kiv nq|

wiVv: cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB wiVv dj †ikg, ck‡gi e¯¿ cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| wiVvi †Lvmvi g‡a¨

m¨v‡cvwbb bv‡g GKUv c`v_© Av‡Q GB m¨v‡cvwbbB Kvc‡oi gqjv cwi®‹vi K‡i| G‡Z Kvc‡oi D¾¡jZv, †KvgjZv

evovq I is fv‡jv _v‡K|

wmb‡_wUK wWUvi‡R›U: wWUvi‡R›U GK ai‡bi ¶viwenxb cwi®‹viK DcKiY| †ikg, ckg BZ¨vw` g~j¨evb e¯¿

wWUvi‡R‡›Ui mvnv‡h¨ wbf©‡q cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| G‡Z iwOb e‡¯¿i is P‡U hvevi m¤¢ebv _v‡Kbv|

Avbylw½K `ªe¨

†eviv·: †eviv· bv‡gi GB cwi®‹viK `ªeYwU Avgv‡`i †`‡k mnRjf¨ bq| †eviv·-Gi Rjxq `ªeY ¶vixq ZvB

Kvc‡o KvwVb¨ Ges J¾¡j¨ m„wó Ki‡Z GwU e¨envi Kiv nq| G `ªe¨wU A‡bK mgq Kvc‡oi `vM Zzj‡ZI e¨envi

Kiv nq|

÷vP©: Pvj, Avjy, fyÆv BZ¨vw` †_‡K ÷vP© cÖ ‘Z Kiv nq| ÷vP© e¨env‡i Kvc‡oi ¯vfvweK KvwVb¨ Ges aea‡e fve

wd‡i Av‡m| ÷vP© e¨envi Ki‡j Kvco mn‡R gqjv nqbv|

Mu` (Gam arabic): †ikg e‡¯¿i KvwVb¨ m„wó Ki‡Z Ges e‡¯¿i D¾¡jZv Avb‡Z GwU e¨eüZ nq|

bxj: Kvco cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq mvevb e¨env‡ii d‡j Kvc‡o nj‡` fv‡ei m„wó nq, GKgvÎ bxj e¨env‡ii d‡j

nj‡` fve †K‡U bxjvf ïåZv †`Lv †`q| Kvc‡o e¨env‡ii Rb¨ AvjUªv‡givBb (Aeltramarine), cÖ“wkqvb

(Prussian) Ges BbwW‡Mv bxj evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| bxj Zij I cvDWvi yÕfv‡eB cvIqv hvq|

Kvco †gvjv‡qgKviK: wmb‡_wUK Kvc‡oi e¯¿ wKQzw`b e¨envi Kivi ci GKUz „p cÖK…wZi n‡q hvq| Kvco

†gvjv‡qgKviK e¨envi Ki‡j Kvco big I †Kvgj _v‡K| Z‡e †ewk e¨env‡i Kvc‡oi cvwb †kvlY ¶gZv n«vm

cvq|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 174

RxevYybvkK: †Kv‡bv msµvgK †ivM †_‡K Av‡ivM¨ jvf Kivi ci e¨eüZ RvgvKvco RxevYygy³ Kivi Rb¨

RxevYybvkK DcKiY w`‡q †avqv nq| †hgb- -†K¬vwib we P|

wfwbMvi: e¯¿ cwi®‹viK `ªe¨ wfwbMvi‡K Kvc‡oi AwZwi³ bxj ~i Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvQvov iwOb

Kvc‡oi is P‡U †M‡j cvwb‡Z mvgvb¨ wfwbMvi wgwk‡q H cvwb‡Z wKQz¶Y ivL‡j is wd‡i Av‡m|

jeY: bZzb iwOb Kvc‡oi KuvPv is cvKv Kivi Rb¨ je‡Yi eûj e¨envi †`Lv hvq| iwOb e¯¿ cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq

mvevb cvwb‡Z mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y jeY ¸‡j wb‡j Kvc‡oi is bó nq bv| Kvc‡oi `vM Zzj‡ZI jeY e¨envi Kiv nq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

M„‡n e¨eüZ cwi®‹viK Ges Avbylw½K `ªe¨vw` m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ PvU© AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb

Kiæb|

mvivsk

‡cvkvK e¨env‡ii ci gqjv n‡q e¨env‡ii A‡hvM¨ n‡q co‡j mvevb, †mvWv ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwi®‹viK `ªe¨ Ges

Kvc‡oi J¾¡j¨ wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ bxj, ÷vP© BZ¨vw` e¨env‡ii Avbylw½K cÖwµqv Aej¤b K‡i e‡¯¿i †mŠ›`h©

wdwi‡q AvbvB e¯¿ †aŠZKiY| e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi avc¸‡jv n‡jvÑ e¯¿ cvwb‡Z †fRv‡bv, gqjv ~i Kiv I †avqv,

bxj I ÷vP© cÖ‡qvM, ﮋ Kiv Ges Bw¯¿ Kiv| ﮋ †aŠZKiY ev WªvB Iqvk Kvco †avqvi Aci GK cÖKvi

¸iæZ¡c~Y© c×wZ| cvwb e¨envi bv K‡i wKQz cwi®‹viK `ªe¨ e¨envi K‡i Kvco cwi®‹vi KivB ﮋ †aŠZKiY|

mvaviYZ †ikwg I ckwg e¯¿ G c×wZ‡Z †avqv nq| mvaviY †aŠZKiY c×wZ‡Z cwi®‹viK wn‡m‡e mvevb,

†mvWv, ¸uov mvevb, A¨v‡gvwbqv, wiVv BZ¨vw` Ges Avbylw½K ªe¨ wn‡m‡e †eviv·, ÷vP©, bxj, RxevYybvkK,

wfwbMvi BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| †Kvb ai‡bi e¯¿ Nv‡mi Ici ïKv‡Z w`‡j aea‡e mv`v nq?

K) mv`v mywZ L) iwOb mywZ

M) mv`v ckg N) mv`v ‡ikg

2| ckwg e¯¿ f~wgi mgZ‡j †i‡L ïKv‡j Kx nq?

K) is bó nq bv L) AvK…wZ wVK _v‡K

M) †ewk mv`v nq N) KvwVb¨ fve eRvq _v‡K

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 175

e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~e© cÖ ‘wZ

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~e© cÖ ‘wZi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¯¿ †givgZKi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

e¯¿ †_‡K `vM Acmvi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

e¯¿ †aŠZKiYÕ cvwievwiK cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi GKUv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K| cÖvq cÖwZw`bB Avgv‡`i e¨envh©

Kvco cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z nq| KLbI KLbI mvßvwnK ev †gŠmygwfwËK †aŠZKiY cÖwµqv P‡j| Kvco †avqv

cwikª‡gi KvR| GB KvRwU myôyfv‡e †kl Kivi Rb¨ c~e© cÖ¯‘wZi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~e©

cÖ ‘wZ‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM K‡i †bqv hvq| †hgb-

1| gqjv e¯¿vw` wewfbœ fv‡M fvM Kiv, 2| e ¿ ev †cvkvK †givgZ Kiv A_v©r widz, Zvwj, ‡mjvB Kiv ev †evZvg

jvMv‡bv, 3| e ¿ †_‡K `vM AcmviY

1| gqjv e¯¿vw` wewfbœ fv‡M fvM Kiv

cwi®‹vi Kivi myweavi Rb¨ gqjvi ZviZg¨ Abymv‡i Rvgv Kvco, weQvbvi Pv`i, wbZ¨ e¨envh© Kvco, †QvU

Kvco wfbœ wfbœ fv‡M fvM K‡i wb‡j myweav nq|

wewfbœ ai‡bi Zš‘i Kvc‡o (mywZ, wj‡bb, †ikg, bvBjb, †UÆb BZ¨vw`) GKB cwi®‹viK `ªe¨ ev †aŠZKiY

c×wZ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| cÖK…wZ Ges †avqvi c×wZ Abyhvqx GKB iKg Kvco GK mv‡_ ivLv DwPZ|

e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~‡e© †cvkv‡Ki ev e‡¯¿i AvKvi Abyhvqx evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j iægvj, †gvRv

BZ¨vw` †QvULv‡Uv †cvkvK nvwi‡q hvevi fq _v‡K bv|

Kvco ev †cvkv‡Ki Mv‡q hw` †aŠZKiY welqK †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv _v‡K Z‡e Zv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ|

2| e¯¿ ev †cvkvK †givgZ Kiv A_v©r widz, Zvwj, ‡mjvB Kiv ev †evZvg jvMv‡bv

Kvco †avqvi c~‡e© †cvkv‡Ki ev e‡¯¿i cÖ‡qvRbxq †givgZ K‡i wb‡Z nq| Kvc‡oi †Kv‡bv As‡k †Quov _vK‡j Zv

widz ev Zvwj w`‡q wVK K‡i wb‡Z nq| Zv bv n‡j †aŠZ Kivi mgq AviI †ewk wQu‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| GB †Quov eo n‡j

†cvkvK cwiavb Kivi A‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o| GQvov †evZvg, ûK, eK‡jm BZ¨vw wXjv wKbv cix¶v K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv

AvjsKvwiK †evZvg, wK¬c _vK‡j Zv Ly‡j ivL‡Z n‡e|

K) widz Kiv: †cvkv‡Ki †Kv‡bv ’v‡b †LuvPv †j‡M wQu‡o ev †du‡m †M‡j †Quov ¯’v‡bi c‡ob myZv m~² I wbcyYfv‡e

mu~‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ f‡i †`qv‡K widz ejv nq| GRb¨ e‡¯¿i myZv Abyhvqx mu~P I myZvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvQvov widz Kivi

myZv I Kvc‡oi is GK n‡Z nq|

widz Kivi mgq †Quov As‡ki Pviw`‡K cÖ_‡g †cw݇ji `vM w`‡q wb‡Z nq| `v‡Mi Dci w`‡q †QvU K‡i ivb

†duvo w`‡q †mjvB Ki‡j Kvc‡oi myZv Ly‡j Avm‡e bv| Gici GK GKwU myZvi wfZi w`‡q myuP w`‡q cÖ_‡g

Uvbv myZvi (Warp yarn) Ask cwic~iY Ki‡Z nq| †Quov As‡ki m¤ú~Y©Uv Uvbv myZvq f‡i Zz‡j GKB

c×wZ‡Z fiv myZvi (Filling yarn) As‡ki GKUv myZvi Dci I wbP w`‡q †mjvB K‡i c~iY Ki‡Z nq|

G‡¶‡Î †d«g e¨envi Ki‡j myweav nq|

wPÎ-17.2.1: Kvc‡o widz Kiv

cvV-17.2

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 176

L) Zvwj †`Iqv: e¯¿ I †cvkvK †Kv_vI wQu‡o †M‡j GK ciZv Kvc‡oi Dci Av‡iK ciZv Kvco †i‡L †mjvB K‡i

AvUKv‡bv‡KB Zvwj †`Iqv ejv nq| †cvkvK cwi‡”Q‡`i †Kv‡bv Ask wQ`ª n‡j, cy‡o †M‡j ev †cvKvq KvU‡j

Zvwj †`Iqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Zvwj yai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| h_v-

(i) mvaviY Zvwj : Zvwj †MvjvKvi ev Pvi †KvYvKvi n‡Z cv‡i| †h Kvc‡o Zvwj †`Iqv n‡e Zvi Abyiƒc is I

Rwg‡bi eo GKLÛ Kvco wb‡Z n‡e| Zvwji Kvco †Quov Ask A‡c¶v eo n‡e| UzKiv KvcowU Zvwj †`qvi

c~‡e© fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq| †h KvcowU w`‡q Zvwj w`‡Z n‡e †m Kvc‡oi UzKiv †Quov RvqMvq

ewm‡q avi gy‡o Pviw`‡K †ng †duvo w`‡q Kvc‡oi mv‡_ AvUKv‡Z n‡e| Gevi KvcoUv‡K D‡ëv K‡i †Quov

RvqMvUv †KvYv‡KvwY †K‡U gy‡o UzKiv Kvc‡oi mv‡_ eøvBÛ †ng †duvo w`‡q †mjvB K‡i emv‡Z n‡e|

(ii) bKkv Zvwj : mvaviY Zvwji Rb¨ Kvc‡oi i‡Oi Zvwji Kvco cvIqv bv †M‡j A_ev Zvwj w`‡j †`L‡Z Lvivc

jvM‡e g‡b n‡j A_ev e¨eüZ KvcowUi †mŠ›`h© bó Ki‡Z bv PvB‡j- bKkv Zvwji gva¨‡g †givgZ Kiv hvq|

G‡¶‡Î Ab¨ i‡Oi Kvco w`‡q bKkv †K‡U, †Quov Kvc‡oi Dci cÖ_‡g UvK w`‡q AvUwK‡q, c‡i †evZvg †duvo

w`‡q †mjvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Dëv w`‡Ki †Quov Kvco mvaviY Zvwji g‡Zv †mjvB Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z myZv †ei n‡Z

bv cv‡i| GB bKkv Zvwji g‡Zv Av‡iv bKkv K‡i mg¯Í Kvc‡o mvgÄm¨ eRvq †i‡L Av‡iv bKkv ewm‡q wb‡j

Zvwj †`Iqvi e¨vcviwU †evSv hvq bv| G‡K A‡bKUv G¨vwcøK bKkvi g‡Zv †`Lvq| †Q‡j‡`i c¨v›U, wkï‡`i

Rvgvq bKkv Zvwj wn‡m‡e eo w÷Kvi e¨envi Kiv hvq|

wPÎ-17.2.2: mvaviY Zvwj wPÎ-17.2.3: bKkv Zvwj

3| e¯¿ †_‡K `vM AcmviY

bvbv Kvi‡Y RvgvKvc‡o `vM †j‡M e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx nq| †`L‡ZI Lvivc jv‡M| cwi®‹viK `ª‡e¨i ms¯ú‡k©

G‡m `vMwU ¯’vqxfv‡e †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB m¤ú~Y© KvcowU †avqvi Av‡M `vMhy³ ¯’vbwUi `v‡Mi Drm I Zš‘i

cÖK…wZ hvPvB K‡i h_vh_ c×wZ‡Z e ¿ †_‡K `vM AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~e© cÖ ‘wZ QK AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

mvivsk

e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi c~e© cÖ ‘wZ‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM K‡i †bqv hvq| †hgb- 1| gqjvi ZviZg¨, Kvc‡oi cÖK…wZ,

†cvkvK ev e‡¯¿i AvKvi Abymv‡i wewfbœ fv‡M fvM Kiv| 2| †aŠZ Kivi c~‡e© †cvkv‡Ki ev e‡¯¿i †Kv‡bv As‡k

†Quov _vK‡j Zv widz ev Zvwj w`‡q wVK K‡i wb‡Z nq| GQvov †evZvg, ûK, eK‡jm BZ¨vw` wXjv wKbv cix¶v K‡i

†`L‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv AvjsKvwiK †evZvg, wK¬c _vK‡j Zv Ly‡j ivL‡Z n‡e| 3| bvbv Kvi‡Y RvgvKvc‡o `vM jv‡M|

ZvB m¤ú~Y© KvcowU †avqvi Av‡M `vMhy³ ¯’vbwUi `v‡Mi Drm I Zš‘i cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i `vM AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.2

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| Kvc‡oi †Kv‡bv Ask †du‡m †M‡j Kx c×wZ‡Z †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e?

K) mvaviY Zvwj L) †gwk‡b †mjvB

M) bKkv Zvwj N) widz

2| †cvKvq KvUv Kvco †givgZ Kivi mwVK c×wZ †KvbwU?

K) Zvwj L) widz

M) †Rvov N) is Kiv

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 177

e¯¿ msi¶Y

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

Kvco msi¶‡Yi j¶Yxq welq Ges c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

msi¶Y ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQz mwVK wbq‡g †i‡L †`qv‡K †evSvq| GB cv‡V e¯¿ msiÿY ej‡Z e¨eüZ e¯¿

†avqv I Bw¯¿ Kivi ci h_vh_ ¯’v‡b ¯í‡gqv`x ev `xN©‡gqv`x mg‡qi Rb¨ †i‡L †`qvi K_v †evSv‡bv

n‡q‡Q| Avgiv bvbv ai‡bi Kvco †Pvco e¨envi Kwi| G‡`i g‡a¨ N‡ivqv †cvkvK, evB‡ii †cvkvK, Drme-

Abyôv‡bi †cvkvK, †gŠmywg †cvkvK D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GQvov cÖvq me evwo‡ZB weQvbvi Pv`i, gkvwi, c`©v, †Uwej K¬_,

Kzkb Kfvi, b¨vcwKb, †Uª K¬_ BZ¨vw` _v‡K| G¸‡jvi D¾¡jZv, †mŠ›`h© I ¯’vwqZ¡ i¶vi Rb¨ mwVKfv‡e hZœ I

msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq| msi¶Y Gi Rb¨ w÷j I Kv‡Vi Avjgvwi ev eo ev·, myU‡Km BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Kvco msi¶‡Yi j¶Yxq welq

AvU‡cŠ‡p †cvkvK, Drm‡ei †cvkvK M„n¯’vjxi e¨envh© e¯¿, kxZe¯¿ BZ¨vw` †kÖwY‡f‡` fvM fvM K‡i ivL‡j

Kv‡Ri myweav nq| GQvov, †QvU eo Kvco fv‡M fv‡M msi¶Y n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq mn‡R Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|

†j‡ci Kfvi, weQvbvi Pv`i, K¤j cÖf„wZi fuv‡R fuv‡R Kv‡jvwRiv, ïKbv Pv cvZv, wbgcvZv Kvc‡oi cyUwj‡Z

†eu‡a †i‡L †`qv hvq|

mywZ I wj‡bb Kvc‡o gvo †`qv _vK‡j wmjfvi wdm bvgK GK ai‡bi †cvKv w`‡q AvµvšÍ nq| ZvB †ewk

w`‡bi Rb¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡j gvo bv †`qvB fv‡jv|

†ikwg e‡¯¿i `vg Zzjbvg~jK †ewk| Kv‡c©U we‡Ujm bvgK GK ai‡bi †cvKv ‡ikg Zš‘ †L‡q †d‡j| ZvB

msi¶‡Yi Av‡MB mwVK wbq‡g ay‡q ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

†avqv Kvco Bw¯¿ K‡i evZv‡m ïwK‡q Av`ª©Zvgy³ K‡i Avjgvwi ev ev‡· ivL‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j Kvc‡o dv½vm

R‡b¥ I wPZv c‡o| G‡Z e‡¯¿i Zš‘ ye©j n‡q hvq Ges e¨env‡ii mgq †du‡m hvq|

Kvc‡oi fuv‡R fuv‡R b¨vc_wjb, g_ej, Kv‡jvwRiv, ïK‡bv wbgcvZv, Pv cvZv w`‡Z n‡e|

msi¶Y Kivi Av‡M Avjgvwi ev ev‡· KxUbvkK †¯cÖ K‡i wb‡j fv‡jv nq|

msiw¶Z Kvco¸‡jv gv‡S gv‡S †ei K‡i nvjKv †iv‡` †g‡j evZvm jvwM‡q mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z fve ~i Ki‡Z nq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

wewfbœ ai‡bi Zš‘i e¯¿ msi¶‡Y mZK©Zvg~jK welqmg~n wjwLZfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

mvivsk

e¯¿vw` †avqv I Bw¯¿ Kivi ci G¸‡jvi D¾¡jZv, †mŠ›`h© I ’vwqZ¡ i¶vi Rb¨ mwVKfv‡e hZœ I msi¶Y Ki‡Z

nq| msi¶Y Gi Rb¨ w÷j I Kv‡Vi Avjgvwi, eo w÷‡ji ev·, myU‡Km BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nq| dv½vm,

QÎvK, KxUcZ‡½i nvZ †_‡K e ¿ iÿvi Rb¨ Gme ¯’v‡b Kvc‡oi fuv‡R fuv‡R b¨vc_wjb, Kv‡jvwRiv, ïKbv Pv

cvZv, wbgcvZv ivLv fv‡jv| gv‡S gv‡S †iv‡` w`‡q ïwK‡q wb‡j Kvc‡oi mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z fve ~i nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.3

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| e‡i †cvKv †Kvb ai‡bi e‡¯¿i Rb¨ ÿwZKviK?

K) mywZ L) wj‡bb

M) †ikg N) ckg

2| †Kvb ai‡bi Kvco gvo w`‡q ivL‡j †cvKv Avµgb K‡i?

K) mywZ I wj‡bb L) †ikg

M) bvBjb N) †iqb

cvV-17.3

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 178

cwicvU¨Zv I ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

cwicvU¨Zv I ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZvi ¸iæZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

cwicvU¨Zv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ KiYxq welq¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ KiYxq welq¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wb‡R‡K my›`ifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mevB fv‡jvev‡m| G Rb¨ †m wb‡R‡K g‡bi g‡Zv cwicvwU K‡i

mvRvq| †Kv‡bv e¨w³i mvRm¾vi cvwicvU¨ ej‡Z e¨w³i †`‡ni mv‡_ gvbvbmB †cvkvK cwi”Q` I

Avbylw½K cÖmvab e¨env‡ii wgwjZ Ae¯’v‡K †evSvq| kvixwiK †mŠ›`h© ZLbB D™¢vwmZ nq hLb kixi my¯’ _v‡K|

my¯’ †`‡n my¯’ g‡bi emevm| my¯’ gbB e¨w³‡K ˆkwíKfv‡e cwicvwU _vK‡Z ZvwoZ K‡i|

cvwicvU¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ KiYxq welq¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv †hgb- Pzj, †PvL, `uvZ, bL BZ¨vw`i cwi”QbœZv I ¯vfvweK my¯’Zv I †mŠ›`h© eRvq ivL‡Z

n‡e|

†`‡n †mŠô‡ei fw½‡Z FRyZv, mvejxjZv I ¯Ztù‚Z©Zv Ges K_v ejvi ¯vfvweK fw½ eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|

Abyôvb, Dcj¶, ¯’vb, AvenvIqv, eqm, †ckv, †`‡ni AvKvi, AvqZb BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i gvbvbmB †cvkvK

civ DwPZ| KviY meai‡bi wWRvBb I †cvkvK mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|

cwicvwU nIqvi Rb¨ `vgx ev AZ¨vaywbK †cvkv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †bB| cÖPwjZ I mvgÄm¨c~Y© mvaviY †cvkvK

cwiavb K‡iI cwicvwU nIqv hvq|

mvaviY †cvkv‡Ki mv‡_ Avbylw½K cÖmvabxi mymgšq NwU‡q AvKl©Yxq n‡q IVv hvq| A_v©r †cvkv‡Ki mv‡_

RyZv, nvZ e¨vM, Mnbv, †gK-Avc BZ¨vw`i mgšq mvab Kiv mycvwicv‡U¨i Ab¨Zg kZ©| †hgb- kvwoi mv‡_

†KWm gvbvbmB bq| GKBfv‡e ¯‹z‡ji †cvkv‡Ki mv‡_ DuPz wnj civ AmvgÄm¨c~Y©| ¯‹z‡ji †g‡q‡`i wjwcw÷K,

KvRj, Mnbv BZ¨vw`i e¨envi cvwicv‡U¨i cwicwš’| A_©vr cvwicv‡U¨i Rb¨ cwi‡aq †cvkvK cwi”Q` I

Avbylw½K `ªe¨vw`i g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ weavb Ki‡Z n‡e|

mvs¯‹…wZK ixwZ Abyhvqx †cvkvK wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ| †hgb- GKRb evOvwj †g‡q‡K kvwo‡Z Ges evOvwj

†Q‡j‡K cvqRvgv-cvÄvwe‡Z fv‡jv †`Lvq|

†cvkv‡K wkí m„wói Dcv`vb I bxwZ¸‡jvi mgšq NUv‡Z cvi‡j cwiavbKvix AvKl©Yxq DV‡Z cv‡i| †cvkv‡Ki

wewfbœ As‡ki mv‡_ is, †iLv I Rwg‡bi wgj cwicvU¨ Avbq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †hgb- kvwoi mv‡_ Dchy³ eøvDR,

mv‡jvqvi-Kvwg‡Ri mv‡_ Dchy³ Iobv, gvbvbmB mvU© I c¨v›U e¨envi gvwR©Z iæwPi cwiPq enb K‡i|

mg‡qvc‡hvMx †cvkvK wbe©vPb I cwiavb Kiv cwicv‡U¨i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask|

cvwicv‡U¨i Rb¨ †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i wbqwgZ hZœ A_©vr †avqv, Bw¯¿ I †givgZ cÖ‡qvRb|

ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv

my¯v¯’ B e¨w³i AvKl©Yxq e¨w³‡Z¡i Ab¨Zg kZ©| my›`i ¯v¯’ my›`i g‡bi Rb¥ †`q| my¯v¯’ iÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb

ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv I hZœ| wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨½ h_v: nvZ, cv, uvZ, †PvL, bL, Kvb, bvK, Mjv, Pzj, Z¡K BZ¨vw`

A½cÖZ¨½¸‡jvi cwi”QbœZv Ges cwi‡aq †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i cwi”QbœZvi mvwe©K iƒcB nj ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv| ˆ`wnK

cwi”QbœZvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv e¨w³MZ ¯v¯’ iÿv| A½cÖZ¨‡½i hZœ Z_v uvZ, Z¡K, Pzj †gvnbxq n‡q DV‡j

gvbwmK RoZv `~i nq I e¨w³‡Z¡i „pZv dz‡U I‡V| A½-cÖZ¨½ Ges e¨envh© cwi”Q‡`i cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv eRvq

cvV-17.4

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 179

_vK‡j wb‡R‡K AvKl©Yxqfv‡e mevi mvg‡b cÖKvk Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv ms‡KvP _v‡K bv| ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv AR©‡bi Rb¨

KiYxq welq¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

K) A½cÖZ¨‡½i cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv

nv‡Zi hZœ: e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZvi me©v‡MÖ _v‡K nv‡Zi hZœ| nv‡Zi cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ †hme welq¸‡jv j¶¨ ivLv

cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

†Kv‡bv KvR Kivi ci nvZ mvevb w`‡q ay‡Z n‡e|

nv‡Zi gm„YZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wµg ev †jvkb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

nv‡Zi bL †K‡U †QvU ivL‡Z n‡e| b‡Li g‡a¨ gqjv XyK‡j Zv †c‡U wM‡q †ivM m„wó K‡i|

nv‡Z wewfbœ ZiKvwii K‡li `vM wKsev ivbœvi gkjvi `vM jvM‡j †jey w`‡q N‡l nvZ `vMgy³ Kiv hvq|

cv‡qi hZœ: cv‡qi h‡Zœ j¶Yxq welq¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

cÖwZw`b cv mvevb w`‡q N‡l gqjv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| gm„YZv i¶vi Rb¨ †Zj, †jvkb, wMømvwib,

†c‡Uªvwjqvg †Rwj BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv hvq|

gv‡S gv‡S Cl`yò Mig cvwb‡Z m¨v¤úy, †Zj I jeY ¸‡j cv 30-35 wgwbU Wywe‡q ivL‡j cv‡qi gqjv

Ges K¬vwšÍ `~i nq|

`uv‡Zi hZœ: `yM©Ügy³ I SKS‡K uvZ †mŠ›`h© I my¯v‡ ’ i cwiPvqK| `uv‡Zi h‡Zœ j¶Yxq welq¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

cÖwZw`b gvbm¤§Z †c÷ ev `uv‡Zi gvRb e¨envi K‡i `yÕ‡ejv `uvZ cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| `uvZ gvRvi Rb¨

QvB, Kqjv, †cvovgvwU ¯v¯’ m¤§Z bq|

LvIqvi ci Kzwj K‡i `uvZ cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

†Pv‡Li hZœ: gvbe †`‡ni wewfbœ A½cÖZ‡½i g‡a¨ †PvLB me‡P‡q †Kvgj, m~² Ges ¯úk©KvZi| Kvwjgvnxb, ¯”Q,

D¾¡j †PvL my¯’Zvi cwiPq enb K‡i| †Pv‡Li my¯’Zv iÿvq wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡eÑ

cÖwZw`b †fv‡i †PvL cwi®‹vi K‡i VvÛv cvwbi SvcUv w`‡Z n‡e|

Zxeª ev D¾¡j Ges Kg ev wb®cÖf G `yÕai‡bi Av‡jvB †Pv‡Li Rb¨ ¶wZKi| Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx

¯w¯Í vqK Av‡jvi e¨e¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

bxj ev meyR is †Pv‡L wmœ» Abyf~wZ Av‡b I K¬vwšÍ `~i K‡i|

‡Pv‡Li my¯’Zvi Rb¨ wfUvwgb ÔGÕ mg„× Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|

†PvL PzjKv‡j ev jvj n‡j wKsev cvwb Si‡j wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© †bIqv Riæwi|

Pz‡ji hZœ: cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ, D¾¡j, gm„Y Ges myweb¨¯Í Pzj †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖZxK| ‡hme welq¸‡jv Pz‡ji †mŠ›`h© I

my¯’Zv i¶v K‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

wbqwgZfv‡e Pzj AvuvPov‡Z n‡e Ges cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Aí ¶vihy³ mvevb, wiVv, m¨v¤úy BZ¨vw`

e¨envi Kiv hvq|

LykwK `~i Kivi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK DcKiY †hgb gï‡ii Wv‡ji cvwb, †jeyi im, †gw_ evUv, wbgcvZvi cvwb,

wW‡gi Kzmyg, UK `B, Pv‡qi wjKvi BZ¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡j DcKvi cvIqv hvq|

Pz‡ji gm„YZv e„w×i Rb¨ wbqwgZ †Zj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

bvK-Kvb I Mjv: bvK-Kvb I Mjv G A½¸‡jvi my¯’Zv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| VvÛv jvM‡j bvK, Kvb, Mjv ÿwZMÖ ’ nq|

bvK w`‡q AbeiZ cvwb Si‡j †`L‡Z †hgb Lvivc jv‡M †Zgwb ¯vfvweK RxebhvÎvq euvavi m„wó nq| ¯úó fvlvq

wgó ¯‡i K_v ej‡j my›`i e¨w³‡Z¡iB cwiPq dz‡U I‡V| Mjvi my¯’Zvi Rb¨ jeYhy³ Mig cvwb w`‡q MoMov Kiv

fv‡jv|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 180

Z¡‡Ki hZœ: cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ Z¡K D¾¡j I †ivMgy³ nq| Z¡‡Ki eY© †hgbB †nvK bv †Kb Zv hw` †Kvgj, D¾¡j,

gm„Y I cwi”Qbœ nq Zvn‡j Zv e¨w³Z¡‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j| Z¡‡Ki my¯’Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbÑ

wbqwgZ †Mvmj Kiv I cwi®‹vi _vKvi Af¨vm Kiv|

KLbB †ewk Mig ev †ewk VvÛv cvwb e¨envi bv Kiv |

¶vinxb fv‡jv mvevb w`‡q cÖwZw`b †Mvmj Kiv |

†Mvmj wKsev nvZ gyL †avqvi ci Z¡‡Ki gm„YZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ wµg/AwjfI‡qj/wMømvwib e¨envi Kiv|

evB‡i †_‡K N‡i wd‡iB †`‡ni Abve„Z Ask ay‡q cwi®‹vi Kiv|

L) †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i cwi”QbœZv

ïaygvÎ A½cÖZ‡½i cwi”QbœZvB †`‡ni mvwe©K cwi”QbœZv weavb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i

cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv| †cvkv‡Ki cwi”QbœZvi mv‡_ †`‡ni my¯’Zv I‡Zv‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| KviY, †cvkvK gvby‡li †`n

msjMœ _v‡K Ges †`‡ni cwi”QbœZv‡K iÿv K‡i| Acwi”Qbœ †cvkvK †`n‡K Acwi”Qbœ K‡i| Acwi”Qbœ †cvkvK

cvwicv‡U¨i AšÍivq| GRb¨ ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv‡K wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †cvkvK cwi”Q‡`i cwi”QbœZv Acwinvh©|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

cvwicvU¨Zvi Dcvq¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|

mvivsk

wb‡R‡K my›`ifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ cwicvU¨Zv I e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| e¨w³i †`‡ni mv‡_

gvbvbmB †cvkvK-cwi”Q` I Avbylw½K cÖmvab mvgMÖxi mymgwšZ cÖKvkB cwicvU¨Zv| ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZv ej‡Z

†`‡ni A½-cÖZ¨‡½i cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv Ges †cvkvK, cwi”Q‡`i cwi”QbœZv‡K †evSvq| A½cÖZ¨‡½i cwi”QbœZvi

Rb¨ nvZ, cv, uvZ, †PvL, Pzj, bvK, Kvb, Mjv I Z¡‡Ki hZœ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| †h‡nZz Avgiv Avgv‡`i †`n‡K

†cvkvK w`‡q Ave„Z Kwi, ZvB †`‡ni cwi”QbœZv iÿvi Rb¨ †cvkvK cwi”Q` cwi®‹vi _vKvI Avek¨K|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.4

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| †Pv‡Li my¯’Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi Lvevi MÖnY Kiv DwPZ?

K) wfUvwgb G L) wfUvwgb we

M) wfUvwgb wm N) wfUvwgb wW

2| Z¡‡Ki h‡Zœ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY-

i. wµg ii. AwjfI‡qj iii. wMømvwib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 181

†cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g e¨w³Z¡ cÖKvk

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

e¨w³‡Z¡i m‡½ †cvkv‡Ki m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

†cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g e¨w³Z¡ ewntcÖKv‡ki Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†cvkvK e¨w³mË¡vi GKUv Acwinvh© Ask| †cvkvK cwiavb gvby‡li †gŠwjK, gvbweK AwaKvi| e¨w³Z¡

kãwUi g‡bv‰eÁvwbK we‡kølY n‡jv ÔmvgvwRK Ae¯’vi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³i MVb, AvPi‡Yi

aib, AvMÖn, fvefw½, mvg_© Ges cÖeYZvi msnwZ Ges HK¨|Õ A_©vr e¨w³Z¡ †`n I g‡bi wgwjZ ewntcÖKvk|

†cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g e¨w³ Zvi g‡bi AšÍwb©wnZ Abyf~wZ I iæwP cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| e¨w³‡Z¡i m‡½ †cvkv‡Ki wbweo

m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †cvkvK e¨w³i e¨w³‡Z¡i ewntcÖKv‡ki gva¨g| †hgbÑ

bZzb †cvkvK ci‡j gb cÖdzjøZvq f‡i I‡V| †PnvivqI D¾¡jZvi Qvc †`Lv hvq|

†cvkvK cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ gvbvbmB n‡j cwiavbKvixi g‡b †Kv‡bv mskq _v‡K bv| ZLb wb‡R‡K wbtms‡Kv‡P

cÖKvk Kiv hvq Ges e¨w³‡Z¡ mvejxj ¯Ztù‚Z©Zv dz‡U I‡V|

cwi‡ek Abyhvqx mwVK †cvkvK bv cwiavb Ki‡j g‡b A¯w¯Í Ges RoZv ˆZwi nq| d‡j kixi, gb Avoô

n‡q e¨w³‡Z¡i ¯vfvweK cÖKvk N‡U bv| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡R‡K Avovj Kivi cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq|

†cvkv‡Ki AvKvi, bKkv, Rwgb, is BZ¨vw` e¨w³‡Z¡i Dci cÖfve †d‡j| RgKv‡jv bKkveûj, eo Qvcv I

fvwi Rwg‡bi e‡¯¿i †cvkv‡K †gvUv †g‡q‡`i AviI †gvUv †`Lvq| Kg bKkvhy³ †QvU †QvU Qvcv Ges nvjKv

Rwg‡bi e‡¯¿i ˆZwi †cvkvK Lv‡Uv †gvUv †`nvK…wZi †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| cvZjv †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ wX‡jXvjv,

cy‡iv nvZv, eo Qvcv, MvX is I †QvU Mjvi †cvkvK Dc‡hvMx| †PK ev Wy‡i KvcoI †`‡ni Dci cÖfve †d‡j|

†hgb- j¤v ev Lvov †iLvi †cvkv‡K Lv‡Uv e¨w³i †`nvK…wZ wKQzUv j¤v †`Lvq| Aci w`‡K AvovAvwo †iLvq

AwZwi³ j¤v e¨w³‡K wKQzUv Lv‡Uv †`Lvq|

†`‡ni Z¡K, Pzj, †Pv‡Li i‡Oi mv‡_ gvbvbmB †cvkv‡Ki is wbe©vPb K‡i †`‡ni ¶xYZv I ¯’~jZv XvKv hvq|

bxj, meyR, bxjvf meyR BZ¨vw` wmœ» i‡Oi †cvkvK¸‡jv ¯’‚j †`‡ni †g‡q‡`i‡K AvcvZfv‡e Kg ¯’‚j †`Lvq|

Ab¨w`‡K jvj, njy`, Kgjv BZ¨vw` cÖLi is¸‡jv Lv‡Uv I ÿxYKvq‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| hv‡`i †`‡ni eY©

D¾¡j Zv‡`i me iK‡gi i‡Oi †cvkv‡K gvbvq| k¨vgjv I Aby¾¡j e‡Y©i †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ nvjKv cÖwZdjbKvix

Kgjv, njy`, †Mvjvcx BZ¨vw` is‡qi cÖwZdj‡b †`‡ni eY© wKQzUv D¾¡j †`Lvq|

D¾j is‡K Avb›``vqK is ejv nq| wewfbœ Avb›` Drm‡e GB is¸‡jv †cvkv‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡j e¨w³‡Z¡I

Zvi cÖfve c‡o| Avevi †Kv‡bv †kvK Abyôv‡b nvjKv is, mv`vwm‡a wWRvB‡bi †cvkvK civ n‡j mvgÄm¨c~Y©

e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖKvk N‡U|

mvgvwRK ixwZ-bxwZ I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L †cvkvK cwiavb Kiv n‡j Zvi e¨w³Z¡ Ab¨‡K AvKl©Y K‡i|

DMÖ, AgvwR©Z †cvkvK †gvnbxq e¨w³‡Z¡i cwicwš’|

†cvkvK I e¨w³‡Z¡i cvi¯úwiK mgšq NUv‡bvi Rb¨ mvRm¾vi Avbylw½K DcKiY¸‡jv †hgb- RyZv, e¨vM,

†eë, †Kk web¨vm BZ¨vw`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK mgšq NUv‡Z nq|

†cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g mvgwMÖK mvRm¾vq cwicvU¨ m„wó Kivi GKUv Ab¨Zg kZ© nj cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv|

G‡jv‡g‡jv Pzj, gqjvhy³ eo eo bL †mŠ›`h©nvwb K‡i|

AšÍ©gyLx, ewn©gyLx Ges DfqgyLx e¨w³‡Z¡i gv‡S iywP‡Z wfbœZv ‡`Lv hvq| wKš‘ †h ai‡bi e¨w³‡Z¡iB †nvK bv †Kb

myiywPc~Y© gvbvbmB †cvkvK e¨w³Z¡‡K D¾¡j K‡i| KziywPc~Y©, D™¢U ev †eLvàv †cvkvK e¨w³Z¡‡K ¤øvb K‡i †`q|

cvV-17.5

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 182

wkÿv_©xi KvR

†cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖKvk Kxfv‡e N‡U e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

mvivsk

e¨w³we‡k‡li wbR¯ ˆewk󨸇jvB n‡”Q Zvi e¨w³Z¡| kvixwiK MVb, PvjPjb, KÚ¯i, †gRvR I Av‡e‡Mi

gva¨‡gB e¨w³Z¡ cÖKvk cvq| e¨w³‡Z¡i m‡½ †cvkv‡Ki mywbweo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †hgb- bZzb †cvkvK ci‡j gb

cÖdzjøZvq f‡i I‡V| †PnvivqI D¾¡jZv †`Lv hvq| †cvkv‡Ki AvKvi, bKkv, Rwgb, is BZ¨vw` e¨w³‡Z¡i Dci

cÖfve †d‡j| RuvKRgK, bKkveûj, eo Qvcv I fvwi Rwg‡bi e‡¯¿i †cvkv‡K †gvUv †g‡q‡`i AviI †gvUv

†`Lvq| Kg bKkvhy³ †QvU †QvU Qvcv Ges nvjKv Rwg‡bi e‡¯¿i ˆZwi †cvkvK Lv‡Uv †gvUv †`nvK…wZi †g‡q‡`i

Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| cvZjv †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ wX‡jXvjv, cy‡iv nvZv, eo Qvcv, Mvp is I †QvU Mjvi †cvkvK Dc‡hvMx|

†PK ev Wy‡i Kvco e¨env‡iI †`‡ni Dci cÖfve c‡o| †hgb j¤v ev Lvov †iLvi †cvkv‡K Lv‡Uv †g‡q‡`i

†`nvK…wZ wKQzUv j¤v †`Lvq| Aci w`‡K AvovAvwo †iLvq AwZwi³ j¤v †g‡q‡`i wKQzUv Lv‡Uv †`Lvq| Avevi is

wbe©vP‡b †`Lv hvq †h bxj, meyR, bxjvf meyR BZ¨vw` wmœ» i‡Oi †cvkvK¸‡jv ¯’‚j †`‡ni e¨w³‡K AvcvZ`„wó‡Z

ÿxYKvq †`Lvq| Ab¨w`‡K jvj, njy`, Kgjv BZ¨vw` cÖLi is¸‡jv Lv‡Uv I cvZjv †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|

hv‡`i †`‡ni eY© D¾¡j Zv‡`i me iK‡gi i‡Oi †cvkv‡K gvbvq| k¨vgjv I Aby¾¡j e‡Y©i †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ nvjKv

Kgjv, njy`, †Mvjvcx BZ¨vw` is‡qi cÖwZdj‡b †`‡ni eY© wKQzUv D¾¡j †`Lvq| †cvkv‡Ki gva¨‡g mvgwMÖK

mvRm¾vq cwicvU¨ m„wó Kivi GKUv Ab¨Zg kZ© nj cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv| myiywPc~Y© gvbvbmB †cvkvK e¨w³Z¡‡K

D¾¡j K‡i †Zv‡j| KziywPc~Y©, D™¢U ev †eLvàv †cvkvK e¨w³Z¡‡K ¤øvb K‡i †`q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.5

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| ’‚j †`‡ni †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ ‡Kvb i‡Oi †cvkvK Dc‡hvMx?

K) nvjKv bxj L) Kgjv

M) †Mvjvcx N) njy`

2| RuvKRgK, bKkveûj, eo Qvcv I fvwi Rwg‡bi e‡¯¿i †cvkvK Kv‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx bq?

K) cvZjv I j¤v e¨w³ L) cvZjv I Lv‡Uv e¨w³

M) †gvUv I Lv‡Uv e¨w³ N) j¤v e¨w³

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn© ’ weÁvb

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 183

AcÖ‡qvRbxq e‡¯¿i e¨envi

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ

cyivZb Kvco‡K e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx wkímvgMÖx‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cyivZb kvwoi e¨envi

M„‡n bvbv ai‡bi Kvh©µg m¤úbœ nq Ges Ae¨eüZ wRwb‡mi Rb¥ nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RxY© I cyivZb e¯¿

Ab¨Zg| Gme AcÖ‡qvRbxq e¯¿‡K bvbvfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| †hgbÑ

cyivZb e¯¿, kvwo, weQvbvi Pv`i, c`©v BZ¨vw` is P‡U †M‡j,

mvgvb¨ wQu‡o †M‡jI e¨envi Kiv hvq| cyivZb Kvco w`‡q

MÖv‡gi †g‡qiv bKwk Kuv_v evbvq| cyivZb Kvc‡oi Kuv_vq bvbv

ai‡bi jZv cvZv, „k¨ dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq| Gfv‡e ˆZwi nq bKwk

Kuv_v| eZ©gv‡b Gme Kuv_v ïay kxZ wbevi‡YB bq eis weQvbvi

Pv`i, †mvdvi Kvfvi, †`qvjm¾v, †g‡Si Av”Qv`b wn‡m‡eI

e¨envi Kiv nq|

cyivZb kvwo w`‡q cv †gvQvi cv‡cvk ˆZwi Kiv hvq, avc¸‡jv

n‡jvÑ

cÖ_‡g kvwoi GK gv_vq wMU w`‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

Gevi kvwowU‡K j¤vjw¤fv‡e wZbfv‡M fvM K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

Zvici kvwowU‡K †Kv_vI Szwj‡q wb‡q j¤vjvw¤ K‡i k³fv‡e †eYx K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

GLb †eYxwU‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q GKUvi mv‡_ Ab¨Uv myB myZv w`‡q AvUwK‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

Gai‡bi cv‡cvk †MvjvKvi ev wW¤vK…wZi n‡e|

UzKiv Kvco e¨envi

evwo‡Z Kvco †mjvB‡qi KvR Kivi ci wewfbœ UzKiv Kvco AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wn‡m‡e †ei nq| eo eo

UzKiv¸‡jv‡K GKÎ K‡i GKB gvc I GKB AvK…wZ‡Z †K‡U me¸‡jv Kvco ci ci †gwk‡b †Rvov jvwM‡q Pvicv‡k

Kvc‡oi cvo ev Ab¨ Kvc‡oi eW©vi w`‡q †eW Kfvi, †Uwej Kfvi BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

M„‡ni AcÖ‡qvRbxq e¯¿ e¨envi K‡i bZzb GKwU e¨envh© wkímvgMÖx ˆZwi Kiæb|

mvivsk

M„‡n cyivZb e¯¿, kvwo, weQvbvi Pv`i, c`©v BZ¨vw` iO P‡U †M‡j MÖv‡gi †g‡qiv †mme Kvco w`‡q my›`i K‡i

bKwk Kuv_v evbvq| eZ©gv‡b Gme Kuv_v ïay kx‡Zi Av”Qv`b bq eis weQvbvi Pv`i, †mvdvi Kvfvi, †`qvj m¾v,

†g‡Si Av”Qv`b wn‡m‡eI e¨envi Kiv nq| cyivZb kvwo w`‡q cv †gvQvi †MvjvKvi ev wW¤vK…wZi cv‡cvmI ˆZwi

Kiv hvq| wewfbœ UzKiv Kvco GKÎ K‡i GKB gvc I GKB AvK…wZ‡Z †K‡U me¸‡jv Kvco ci ci †gwk‡b

†Rvov jvwM‡q Pvicv‡k Kvc‡oi cvo ev Ab¨ Kvc‡oi eW©vi w`‡q †eW Kfvi, †Uwej Kfvi BZ¨vw`I ˆZwi Kiv

hvq|

cvV-17.6

wPÎ-17.6.5: cyivZb Kvco w`‡q ˆZwi cv‡cvk

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wekwe`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

BDwbU 17 c„ôv 184

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.6

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1| eZ©gvb bKwk Kuv_v e¨eüZ nqÑ

i. weQvbvi Pv`i wn‡m‡e ii. †`qvjm¾v wn‡m‡e iii. kxZe¯¿ wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| †mvgv †QvU-eo, cvZjv-fvix, mywZ-bvBjb, †ikwg-ckwg wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvco GKmv‡_ †avqvi Rb¨ †ei

Ki‡jb| †mvgvi gv ej‡jb, ÒKvco †avqvi Av‡M c~e© cÖ ‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e| Gme Kvco ay‡Z GKvwaK c×wZI

AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó

K) e ¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

L) ˆ`wnK cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ †cvkvK-cwi”Q‡`i cwi”QbœZv Riæwi †Kb?

M) †mvgv Kvco †avqvi Av‡M Kx ai‡bi c~e© cÖ ‘wZ †b‡eb - eywS‡q w`b|

N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx †mvgvi gqjv Kvco¸‡jvi †aŠZKiY c×wZ¸‡jv Kx nIqv DwPZ - e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.1 : 1| K 2| L

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.2 : 1| N 2| K

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.3 : 1| N 2| K

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.4 : 1| K 2| N

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.5 : 1| K 2| M

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.6 : 1| N