Acute/ Short term effects of exercise

Acute/ Short term effects of exerciseThe Physiology of FitnessTaskIn 4 equal groups, each group will be assigned a system to research. You need to make sure your group researches your particular area thoroughly and covers the following responses depending on what system has been assigned. Your group will then present back the findings to the rest of the group through a detailed and informative A3 poster.

Musculoskeletal response: increased blood supply; increase in muscle pliability; increased range of movement; muscle fibre micro tearsEnergy systems: phosphocreatine; lactic acid; aerobic; energy continuum; energy requirements of different sport and exercise activitiesCardiovascular response: heart rate anticipatory response; activity response; increased blood pressure; vasoconstriction; vasodilationRespiratory response: increase in breathing rate (neural and chemical control); increased tidal volume.

Musculoskeletal system

The short term effects on MUSCLES/ JOINTS and BONESMusculoskeletal response: increased blood supply; increase in muscle pliability; increased range of movement; muscle fibre micro tears

Short term effects of & responses to exercise Bones & Joints.

We produce more synovial fluidMovement stimulates the secretion of synovial fluid. The joints become warmerExercise increases the bodies temperatureThe synovial fluid becomes thinner, making movement more efficient. The range of movement increasesDue to the fact that the synovial fluid is thinner and warmer

All of this is because exercise makes our joints move quickly, so there needs to be more synovial fluid in the joints to allow and assist this movement

When we start to warm up:The muscles need energy in the form of glycogen to make the sarcomeres contract. So the heart (cardiac muscle) beats faster to provide the glycogen to the muscles via the blood.

The conversion of chemical energy (from the Glycogen) to movement (contraction of the sarcomeres) causes a waste product HEAT. The muscle become warmer. This also allows them to operate more efficiently, up to a point. Once this point is reached, we need to get rid of heat, hence why we go red and get hot. Our body is trying to remove the heat

In a warm up We are working quite lightly (aerobically)This means that the muscles are demanding Oxygen to continue contracting at that low intensity. The nervous system detects this an makes the heart pump fasterBecause our muscles are demanding more Oxygen we also begin to take up more Oxygen from the blood as it passes through the musclesThe capillaries become more dilated allowing this to happen

Within the MusclesMore fibres are involved in contractionThis means that the contractions are strongerBecause more muscle fibres are contracting, they have less opportunity to rest, so there is more muscular contraction.

Damage to the musclesIn the short term, muscles are damaged by exercise (microtears)This is why we feel sore after exerciseOnly with appropriate rest and food, can we recoverIn fact we should recover stronger than before the exercise.

Different types of musclesEach of the muscles reacts differently to exerciseSkeletalDemands Oxygen and GlycogenAt rest 20% of our blood goes to our muscles. In a warm up 50% of our blood goes to our working musclesIn intense exercise 80% of our blood goes to our working musclesWorks harderWarms upCardiacWorks harder (beats more often and with larger amount of blood in each beat) to provide the Oxygen and Nutrients to the skeletal muscle via the blood, and get rid of the Waste products of exercise (Carbon Dioxide, Water and Heat).

InvoluntaryBlood is shunted away from the parts of the body that dont need itEg the stomach gets 25% of our blood during rest. This can reduce to 1% during exerciseP1/P2/M1