Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMultilateral Cooperative Research Program: Coastal Marine ScienceNational Coordinators Meeting , Melaka, Malaysia 19 – 20 May 2008

Project 3: Biodiversity in the Coastal Waters of Southeast and East Asia

Shuhei NishidaOcean Research Institute

University of Tokyo

Activity Report: Plankton Groupfrom 2006 to the present

Proposed topics and achievementwith our self-evaluation

1) Training course on methods of zooplankton ecology and identification

2) Manual for methods of zooplankton ecology and taxonomy with identificationkeys to higher taxa and species of selected groups

3) Species lists of copepods, mysids, chaetognaths, tunicates, and cnidarians

4) General field survey at selected sites on species diversity and communitystructure of zooplankton

5) Plankton watch: An extensive geographic survey on deformities, inter-sexualities, and parasitism in copepod- and mysid populations as an indicator of human impact (collaborative with Pollution Sub-project)

6) Trophic-structure diversity of coral-reef and mangrove communities: Acomparative study (collaborative with other Biodiversity Groups)

7) Biodiversity of plankton communities in the Sulu and Celebes Seas (collabo-rative with Hakuho-Maru Cruise)

Training Course on Methods of Zooplankton Ecology and Identification

Lectures (2 days)・What is plankton?—A general introduction・Methodology of zooplankton ecology・Introductions to

Crustacea, gelatinous plankton, other animal groupsPractices (4 days, including field sampling)・Sample processing and primary sorting・Identification of major taxonomic groups:

Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Mysidacea, Cnidaria, Tunicata,Demersal plankton

2006 (Nov. 20-25): Univresiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia2007 (Oct. 25-31): Research Institute for Biology, Indonesia2008 (Oct.): “Advanced course”, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Dr. Sawamoto’s lecture on sampling methods

Training Course in Indonesia, 2007

Training Course in Malaysia, 2006

Plankton sampling offPort Dickson

Dr. Ohtsuka demonstrating copepod dissection

Training Course in Indonesia, 2007

Discovery of New Species(January 2006-May 2008)

A total of 12 scientific papers describing: 1 new genus and 14 new species

Mysids: 4 new speciesCopepods: 1 new genus, 7 new speciesAmphipods: 2 new speciesLeptostraca (Nebalia): 1 new species

Description of >> 10 species in progress

Publications(January 2006-May 2008)

> 40 scientific papers

・Description of new taxa: 12 papers

・Other taxonomic papers: 4 papers(new records, re-description, regional fauna)

・Distributional ecology, community, behavior: 22 papers

・Production and trophic ecology: 4 papers

・Molecular genetics: 1 paper

・Pollution, toxicology: 1 paper

Results from deep, marginal seasBiogeochemistry and Biodiversity in the Sulu Sea

Nishida & Gamo (eds.) 2007

11 papers1 summary1 physics3 geochemistry4 plankton2 benthos

CMarZ Goals and Approaches:

analyze zooplankton species diversity, biomass, biogeography, and genetic diversity by 2010, focusing on the ~7,000 described species of holozooplankton

DNA barcodes for identified zooplankton species

new sampling technologies and new analytical tools

database with species-level, specimen-based, geo-referenced entries; integrated with OBIS

education, professional training, and capacity-building in zooplankton taxonomy

Zooplankton Barcoding

ClausocalanoideaScolecitrichideaCentropagoideaMegacalanoideaEucalanoideaArietelloidea

A neighbour-joining tree of calanoid copepods based on mitochondialCOI gene sequence

Results to DateDNA Barcodes for Zooplankton

PhylumTaxon (Class or

Order)Species

DescribedBarcode Gene

No. Species(GenBank)

No.Species Source of Information

Foraminifera Foraminifera 49 18S rRNA 35 200 C. deVargasAcantharea 150 18S rRNA 14 GenBankPolycystinea (Radiolaria) 350 18S rRNA 27 GenBank

Cercozoa Phaeodarea (Radiolaria) 350 18S rRNA 3 GenBankAloricate Ciliata 150Tintinnida 300 18S RNA 52 B. CostasHydromedusae 842 COI 5 25 GenBankSiphonophora 160 COI 16 80 GenBank, S. Haddock, B. OrtmanCubomedusae 18 0 GenBankScyphomedusae 161 COI 10 15 GenBank, B. Ortman, others

Ctenophora Ctenophora 90 ITS 20 12 GenBank, B. OrtmanRotifera Rotifera 50? ??Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes 3? COI 1 20 GenBank, M. LiviatisNematomorpha Nectonema 5 18S?Nemertea Nemertinea 99 COI 1 3 GenBank, R. JenningsAnnelida Polychaeta 110 COI 5 4 GenBank, R. Jennings

Gastropoda 144 COI 100 30 GenBank, R. JenningsCephalopoda 370 COI 86 5 GenBank, R. JenningsCladocera 8 COIOstracoda 169 COI 0 35 A. BucklinIsopoda 20 COI 0 14 S. BrixCopepoda 2000 COI 41 275 A. Bucklin, R. Machida, othersMysidacea 700 COI 4 GenBankAmphipoda 400 COI 15 50 GenBankEuphausiacea 86 COI 45 10 A. Bucklin, S. JarmanDecapoda 50 COI 75 100 GenBank, K. CrandallInsecta 5 COI 5 R. Jennings

Chaetognatha Chaetognatha 93 COI, COII 10 30 A. Pierrot-Bults, R. Machida, R. JenningsAppendicularia 64 COI 1 10 L. Madin, A. Bucklin, GenBankPyrosoma 8 18S rRNA 1 GenBank, WadaDoliolida 17 COI 1 GenBank, WadaSalpidae 45 COI 0 5 L. Madin, A. Bucklin

TOTALS 7,013 568 928

Mollusca

Arthropoda

Chordata

Actinopoda

Ciliophora

Cnidaria

2. Zooplankton community structure

Long term observation of zooplankton carried out in the Straits of Malacca since May 2002 onwards.

Observation will continue to obtain decadal samples.

100° 102° 104°

6°

4°

2°

Peninsular MalaysiaStraits o f Malacca

South China Sea

Stn. P

Long term research (LTR)

Seasonal variation of zooplankton community

2. Zooplankton community structure

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

SW NE SW NE

2002 2003 2004

Abun

danc

e (in

ds. m

-3)

2. Zooplankton community structure

Dissimilarity indexSWSWNESWSWSWSWNESWSW

InterInterNE

InterSWNENENENE

InterNENENENE

Zooplankton community:SW and NE groups

Jellyfish fisheries Jellyfish fisheries in the north of Vietnamin the north of Vietnam

To knowTo know……••Target speciesTarget species••Fishing gearFishing gear••Processing methodProcessing method••Economic and Ecological aspectsEconomic and Ecological aspects

• PI: Nguyen Thi Thu (IMER) • Funded by: Vietnam Academy of Science and

Technology (VAST) • Years: 2006-2007• JSPS collaborator: Jun Nishikawa

A new bilateral research project“Biodiversity and Ecological Roles of

Medusae and Ctenophores inIndonesian Waters”

2008-2010

LIPI-JSPS

S. Ohtsuka and Mulyadi (Co-PIs)R. Machida, J, Nishikawa, S. Nishida,

J. Hiromi, D.J. Lindsay, Y. Miyakeand 3 Indonesian Scientists

CMarZ-Asia Database: (www.cmarz-asia.org/db)

Top page

List of selected samples

Sampling metadata

Species search

・Photographic image・Taxonomic illustrationSpecies name

Sample details DNA sequence database&

link to blast search

Species database

Distribution

Time Schedule: 2008-2009

2006 2007 2008 2009

Identificationmanual

Publication

Training course Indonesia

Field sampling(Trophic structure)

Years

MS preparation

Malaysia

Pollution study Preliminary survey Sampling and analysis

Coral reef/mangrove/estuaries

Malaysia:advanced

course+

field research

CMarZ-Asia Database

Thank you

・JSPSーPlankton GroupIndonesia: Mulyadi, Inneke FM RumenganMalaysia: Fatimah MD Yusoff, Othman BH RossPhilippine: Lourdes V. Castillo, Wilfredo L. CamposThailand: Ajcharaporn PiumsomboonVietnam: Nguyen Thi Thu, Nguyen ChoJapan: S. Sawamoto, H. Sekiguchi, J. Nishikawa

T. Kikuchi, N. Iwasaki, T. Toda, S. Ohtsuka・Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ)

A. Bucklin (Univ. Connecticut)R. Machida (Univ. Tokyo)D. Lindsay (JAMSTEC)