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Activities of the Cell I. Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

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Page 1: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Activities of the CellI. Cell Factory

II. Cell Energy

III. Cell Cycle

Page 2: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

I. The Cell Factory: Protein Production, From Start to Finish

=

Page 3: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

DNA genetic traits?

Page 4: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

T A C

A U G A A G C A U G A C

T T C G T A C T G

DNA

mRNA

1. Transcription of DNA

Page 5: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

mRNA

U A C

A U G A A G C A U G A C

C U G U U C G U A

tRNA with amino acid

2. Translation of mRNA to protein

anticodon

codon

Page 6: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

C U G

A U G A A G C A U G A C

U U C G U A

U A C

Page 7: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

C U G

A U G A A G C A U G A C

U U C

G U A

U A C

Page 8: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

C U G

A U G A A G C A U G A C

U U C G U A

Page 9: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

C U G

A U G A A G C A U G A C

G U A

Page 10: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Note: Translation occurs at the ribosomes of the rough ER

Page 11: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

amino acid chart

HISTIDINE - U U G - A A G - C A U - G A C

LEUCINE - ASPARTIC ACIDLYSINE -

Page 12: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

transcription

gene mRNA protein (amino acid

chain)

translation

• Gene expression

Page 13: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle
Page 14: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle
Page 15: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle
Page 16: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle
Page 17: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

II. How Does a Cell Obtain Energy From “Food?”

Page 18: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Cellular Respiration

6 CO2

carbondioxide

energy!

+ 36 ATPC6H12O6

glucose

+ 6 O2

oxygen

+ 6 H2Owater

Page 19: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

A) Aerobic respiration - the process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose, in the presence of oxygen

Page 20: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

occurs at rest, or . . .

Page 21: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

when you are bringing it!

Page 22: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

• occurs along the cristae of the mitochondria

• two stages:

Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain

Page 23: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle
Page 24: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Cellular Respiration Starts with . . .

Page 25: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

B) Anaerobic respiration -produces ATP by breaking down glucose without oxygen

Page 26: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles, kimchi)

Page 27: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Energy Tally

• Anaerobic = 2 ATP

• Aerobic respirationGlycolysis 2 ATP

Kreb’s cycle 2 ATPElectron Transport 32

ATP

+36 ATP

Page 28: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

III. What Are the Stages in the Life of a Cell?

Page 29: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle

Page 30: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

G1 cell growthS DNA replicatesG2 preparation for cell division

Page 31: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

nucleus (w/ nuclear membrane)

cell membrane

DNA (genetic instructions)

A Typical Cell

Page 32: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

during G1DNA is in chromatin form (“loose” threads)

Page 33: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

before cell division

Page 34: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes

before cell division

Page 35: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle

Starts here

Page 36: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle

Page 37: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Cell division• 4 Stages of Mitosis (chromosomes

separate)•Prophase•Metaphase•Anaphase•Telophase

• Cytokinesis (cell splits)

Page 38: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Stages of Mitosis

earlyprophase

metaphase

anaphaseanaphase

cytokinesiscytokinesis

lateprophase

telophasetelophase

Page 39: Activities of the Cell I.Cell Factory II.Cell Energy III.Cell Cycle

Where should you look in an organism to find mitosis?


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