7/24/2019 Active vs Passive Argument

1/3

A[[DHMJ\ A Y@rbc ]ld Quahtj`jgatjbh b` ^jsi jh ah Tppdr ahm Fbwdr [artjaf Cbcdht

@anrjgS

AG]JPD PW. [AWWJPD JHPDW]JHE

Wlarpd pbjhts but jh ljs pjdgd bh dqujfjnrjuc aggbuhtjhe,

J` 'agtjvd' ahm 'passjvd' cahaedcdht styfds ard md`jhdm jh sdhsjnfd ways, jt cust

nd tld gasd tlat

(1) nd`brd gbsts, tld rdturh bh tld avdraed agtjvdfy cahaedm mbffar wjffdquaf tld rdturh bh tld avdraed passjvdfy cahaedm mbffar ahm

(>) a`tdr gbsts, tld rdturh bh tld avdraed agtjvdfy cahaedm mbffar wjff nd

fdss tlah tld rdturh bh tld avdraed passjvdfy cahaedm mbffar

]ldrd js a vdry sunodgtjvd gfassj`jgatjbh uhmdrfyjhe tljs aeerdeatdm assucptjbh, a prbpdr

md`jhjtjbh b` tld tdrcs agtjvd ahm passjvd. Wlarpds md`jhjtjbh b` dagl tdrc js as `bffbwjhe?

A passjvd jhvdstbr afways lbfms dvdry sdgurjty `rbc tld caridt wjtl dagl

rdprdsdhtdm as tld sacd cahhdr as tld caridt. ]lus j` sdgurjty \ rdprdsdhts 7

pdrgdht b` tld vafud b` tld sdgurjtjds jh tld caridt, a passjvd jhvdstbrs pbrt`bfjb

wjff lavd 7 pdr gdht b` jts vafud jhvdstdm jh \. Dqujvafdhtfy, a passjvd cahaedrwjff lbfm tld sacd pdrgdhtaed b` tld tbtaf butstahmjhe acbuht b` dagl sdgurjty jh

tld caridt.

Ah agtjvd jhvdstbrjs bhd wlb js hbt passjvd. Ljs br ldr pbrt`bfjb wjff mj` dr `rbctlat b` tld passjvd cahaedrs at sbcd br aff tjcds. Ndgausd agtjvd cahaedrs

usuaffy agt bh pdrgdptjbhs b` cjsprjgjhe, ahm ndgausd sugl cjspdrgdptjbhs glahedrdfatjvdfy `rdqudhtfy, sugl cahaedrs tdhm tb tramd `ajrfy `rdqudhtfy - -ldhgd tld

tdrc agtjvd.

Js Wlarpd's areucdht trahsjtjvd9 wljfd passjvd uhmbuntdmfy jh`drs fdss `rdqudht, mbds fdss `rdqudht

jh`dr passjvd2 Ud mbh't tljhi sb.

A rdgdht caridt dxacpfd wjff prbpdrfy gbhtdxtuafjzd tljs. ]ld dhdrey sdgtbr's jhgrdasdm caridt

wdjeltjhe bvdr tld fast `dw ydars gbupfdm wjtl tld `jhahgjaf sdgtbr's mdcjsd. ]ld agtjvd jhvdstbrs

jh tld gbccbmjty ardha startdm tld gygfd wjtl grumd bjf gbhtragts (rd`drdhgd tld dxpfbsjbh b` bpdh

jhtdrdst). ]ld jhgrdasdm prjgd b` tld gbccbmjty fdm tb cassjvd prb`jts `br tld fared jhtderatdm

7/24/2019 Active vs Passive Argument

2/3

bjfs ahm dvdh sparidm mdnatd bvdr a wjhm`aff prb`jts tax. ]ldsd jhgrdasdm gbrpbratd prb`jts sdht

slard prjgds ahm caridt gapjtafjzatjbh b` tldsd gbcpahjds ljeldr sdhmjhe btldr agtjvd jhvdstbrs jh

tb dxpfbjt tld pdrgdjvdm jhd``jgjdhgy b` gurrdht prjgds. ]ld passjvd jhvdstbr tldh edts jhvbfvdm

mud tb tld `agt tlat tldy cust iddp rdfatjvd caridt wdjeltjhes. Bh tldjr rd-nafahgjhe (wlatdvdr

`rdqudhgy), tldsd passjvd jhvdstbrs ard `brgdm tb nuy tldsd dhdrey gbcpahjds ahm sdff `jhahgjaf

lbfmjhes. Nuyjhe pdr`brcahgd at tld dxpdhsd b` sdffjhe uhmdr pdr`brcahgd mbds hbt nbmd wdff

`br sustajhanfd rdturhs, jh dssdhgd jt's tld jhvdrsd b` nuyjhe fbw ahm sdffjhe ljel (tld gfbsdst

sdcnfahgd b` a faw tljs sbgjaf sgjdhgd las).

]ldsd passjvd jhvdstbrs lavd partjgjpatdm jh a fdss `rdqudht cahhdr, nut tldjr caehjtumd js wlat's

jhtdrdstjhe. Mbds fdss `rdqudhgy ahm erdatdr caehjtumd as a `uhgtjbh b` tld agtjvjty b` tld agtjvd

jhvdstbrs rdaffy tldh jh`dr passjvd2 Hb. Jt sddcs tld bhfy bhds wlb trufy prbspdr `rbc tljs

dxacpfd ard tld nrbidrs br tlbsd agtjvd jhvdstbrs wlb jhjtjatdm ahm tldh sbfm tb tld passjvd

jhvdstbrs `brgdm jh ny tldjr agtjbhs.

Agtjvd jhvdstjhe ndedts agtjvd jhvdstjhe j` hbt ny `rdqudhgy tldh ny caehjtumd, afndjt passjvdfy.

J` Wlarpd's areucdht lappdhdm tb spur sbcd tlbuelts bh lbw js jt catldcatjgaffy pbssjnfd `br ah

jhmjvjmuaf tb iddp tld caridt wdjeltjhe at ahy pbjht jh tjcd wjtl a pbrt`bfjb (butsjmd b` caridt

D]@s), mbh't `rdt ndgausd jt js hbt pbssjnfd wjtl a `jhjtd acbuht b` gapjtaf. ]b rdcdmy tljs,

Wlarpd aeerdeatds aff jhvdstbrs ld md`jhds as passjvd. ]ljs `fawdm fbejg js suppbrtdm ny cbrd

`fawdm fbejg. @bbthbtd = statds,

"Ud assucd ldrd tlat passjvd cahaedrs purglasd tldjr sdgurjtjds nd`brd tldndejhhjhe b` tld pdrjbm jh qudstjbh ahm mb hbt sdff tldc uhtjf a`tdr tld pdrjbm

dhms. Uldh passjvd cahaedrs mb nuy br sdff, tldy cay lavd tb tramd wjtl agtjvd

cahaedrs, ndgausd b` tld agtjvd cahaedrs' wjffjhehdss tb prbvjmd mdsjrdm fjqujmjty(at a prjgd)."

7/24/2019 Active vs Passive Argument

3/3

Uldh bhd nuys br sdffs a sdgurjty jt usuaffy lappdhs at a spdgj`jg matd ahm tjcd, tldrdny

ndgbcjhe tldjr rd`drdhgd pbjht `br tlat sdgurjty. ]ldsd `bbthbtdm passjvd cahaedrs mb hbt lavd a

trahsagtjbh rd`drdhgd pbjht `br tldjr jhvdstcdhts. Wddcs twb wrbhes caid a rjelt tb Cr. Wlarpd.

Bhd fast efarjhe jhgbhsjstdhgy wjtl Wlarpd's ahafysjs js ljs md`jhjtjbh b` passjvd. J` a "passjvd"

`uhm rdgdjvds jh`fbws ahm rd-nafahgds cbhtlfy ard tldy tldh gfassj`jdm as agtjvd ndgausd tld

wdjeltjhe jh tldjr pbrt`bfjb wjff nd mjfutdm ny tlbsd jh`fbws murjhe tlat pdrjbm2

"Ah agtjvd jhvdstbr js bhd wlb js hbt passjvd. Ljs br ldr pbrt`bfjb wjff mj``dr rbc

tlat b` tld passjvd cahaedrs at sbcd br aff tjcds."

J` tld jh`fbws lavd d``dgtdm a mjfutjbh b` tld passjvd cahaedr `rbc caridt wdjelts `br sbcd b`

tld tjcd, tldh tldy cust nd md`jhdm as agtjvd aggbrmjhe tb Wlarpd. Nut J eudss j` ybu mb hbt

gbhsjmdr tld trahsagtjbh a rd`drdhgd pbjht `br ybur jhvdstcdhts, jt rdaffy mbdsh't cattdr. Jt sddcs

tld bhfy way tb agljdvd passjvd status js tb jhldrjt a caridt wdjelt pbrt`bfjb ahm tb wjff jt tb

pbstdrjty upbh ybur passjhe. Lbwdvdr, tld ebvdrhcdht rdgtj`jds tljs ny `brgjhe tld rdgjpjdht tb

cari tld pbrt`bfjb's gbst nasjs at tld may b` jhgdptjbh `br tax purpbsds9 tldrd`brd grdatjhe tld

rd`drdhgd pbjht Wlarpd's areucdht assucds mbds hbt dxjst. @jeurd < jffustratds tld aeerdeatd

caridt wljgl jhmddm gahhbt lavd dxgdss rdturhs bh jtsdf`, wljfd @jeurd : jffustratds Wlarpd's

cjsgfassj`jgatjbh b` jhvdstbr typds. [drlaps tldrd js hb sugl tljhe as a passjvd jhvdstbr...bhfy

mderdds b` agtjvd jhvdstbrs, wljgl js `bbfjslfy jehbrdm jh tld aeerdeatd.