acs honors josephson, penfold
TRANSCRIPT
PEOPLE
THE COVER.
ACS Honors Josephson, Penfold Donald V. Josephson
A x effort of many years, directed -**- toward making the products of the cow more attractive to the consumer, is now resulting in a prize for Donald V. Josephson, head of the department of dairy husbandry at Pennsylvania State University. For adding contented consumers to contented cows, Joseph-son will receive the Borden Award in the Chemistry of Milk, administered by the ACS.
Donald Victor Josephson was born on a farm in Washington County, Minnesota, on March 16, 1911. He received a B.S. in dairy manufacturing from the University of Minnesota in 1935. For the first three years of his college career Josephson paid his way by working as a hospital orderly at the university hospital. The job paid $30 a month and meant that he had to rise every morning at 2 A.M. This he didn't mind too much, until in his junior year he decided to get married. He then became a milk truck driver at 50 cents an hour. Now he could sleep till 3:30 A.M.!
Josephson was awarded a Dairy Industries Supplies Association fellowship for graduate work, and studied at Penn State in 1936. His master's thesis was entitled "The Relation of the Fa t Globule Adsorption Layer to Certain Characteristics of Ice Cream Mixes." After spending over a year in the Borden Research Laboratories, he became instructor in dairy manufacturing at Penn State. There he did research and teaching until 1945, and worked on a great variety of problems, all connected with the flavor of milk and milk products. His work resulted in a number of fundamental advances in dairy chemistry and practical advances in dairy manufacturing.
Milk Flavor Problems. Most serious flavor problem of market milk and other dairy products is called "oxidized flavor." Much of Josephson's work has been devoted to recognizing its causes and developing procedures for its prevention. An antioxidant-im-pregnated parchment for wrapping butter and a similar paper milk bottle were developed, along with antioxidants prepared from cereals. These cereal extracts have now been in commercial production for a number of years, and are used in many food products. Oxidative deterioration of dry whole milk is delayed considerably by the removal of the phospholipid fraction before drying. That is a Josephson
discovery, as is the high heat treatment of pure milk fat (butter oil) in the presence of a small quantity of nonfat milk solids. This process is an antioxidant treatment which considerably extends storage life.
As a result of fundamental studies on the "cooked" flavor of heated milk, a very practical procedure for combating oxidized flavor in stored dairy products was originated by Josephson and his fellow investigators. They found that sulfhydryl groups, liberated by certain of the milk proteins as a result of heating, are the source of cooked flavor. It was also found that these groups are potent antioxidants which not only protect the milk from oxidized flavor but help to preserve ascorbic acid. I t is now common commercial practice to preheat certain dairy products, particularly raw materials for ice cream manufacture, sufficiently to generate sulfhydryl antioxidants which will protect the product from oxidative changes during cold or frozen storage. Thus, storage life has been gready increased. The title of Josephson's doctoral dissertation, presented in 1943, was "The Effect of Heat Treatment and Antioxidants Upon the Keeping Quality of Pure Butterf at.' ,
Another important ofï-flavor of milk is the "sunlight" flavor, which Josephson showed was caused by light of wavelengths in the vicinity of 5800 to 6200 A. He recommended an amber colored milk bottle which not only prevents development of the flavor, bu t also protects the riboflavin and vitamin C content of the milk from destruction by sunlight. Work by Josephson and his colleagues showed that the "cowy" flavor in milk is caused by acetone passed into the milk by cows afflicted with ketosis. Faulty metabolism in such animals is responsible.
For a number of years, Josephson has been active in developing flavor evaluation techniques for the Quartermaster Food and Container Institute and the American Dry Milk Institute. He has also demonstrated the value of flavor evaluation procedures in improving the palatability of ice cream. Palatability and consumer acceptability involve other factors besides flavor, and Joseph-son has investigated a large number of stabilizers for their performance in ice cream. He is mainly responsible for the development of carboxymethyl-cellulose as an ice cream stabilizer.
Another of his developments was a practical procedure for fortifying evaporated milk with vitamin C. It was necessary to devise a satisfactory method for eliminating the effect of other reducing substances present in large quantity in evaporated milk, and which otherwise would be determined as ascorbic acid. Investigations into the high heat treatment of milk resulted in the identification of some of the substances produced by such treatment, throwing some light on the chemistry of the flavor changes involved, as well as on the "browning" reaction, familiar to all who have saved sliced fresh apples or peaches too long.
Other Specialt ies. Dairy plant sanitation, keeping quality of milk, ice cream and dry milk processing, and the ion exchange process for stabilizing evaporated milk toward the heat of sterilization are Josephson's other research fields.
He has been an inspiring adviser and teacher of both graduate and undergraduate students. His friends and associates describe him as original and stimulating; working with him, they say, is a pleasure and an education. He is not interested in obtaining patents or achieving personal recognition.
In 1945, Josephson became associate professor in dairy technology at Ohio State University. Penn State recalled him in 1948 to assume his present position as head of the department of dairy husbandry, including dairy manufacturing, dairy production, and bovine physiology and reproduction. H e reigns over a semicommercial dairy plant, large production establishments for a herd of over 500 animals, and a recently completed artificial breeding center and laboratory.
Each summer, Josephson enjoys a "busman's holiday," as he, his wife, and their two sons vacation in a cabin on the family farm in Minnesota.
Despite his heavy administrative burden, he continues to be active in both teaching and research. "An administrator soon becomes a has-been in his own field, although it is very gratifying to see the younger men stepping out in your place," he says.
A. R. Penfold A WIDE range of interests and the en-
**' ergy to keep in close touch with all of them are attributes of Australian A. R. Penfold, this year's recipient of the Fritzsche Award, administered by the ACS. Penfold is director of Sydney's Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences. He is a recognized authority on Australian essential oils and is being honored for pioneering in this field.
(Continued on page 952)
942 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S
PEOPLE.
JProh>ably the; greatest contribution of Pesnfold and has collaborators was introduction of t h e concept of "physiological forms" of plants. The concept ha-5 clarified mtuch confusion that previously existed! in trie chemistry of euroalyptus oils. During t he course of ork*e of his m a n y field trips, Penf old ex-anninecl the l eases of several eucalyptus trees. Althougjh the trees were botani-cOly identical—indistinguishable by arny morphological differences—on craishing the leaves between his fingers he* observed tihat the odors of the respective oils w e r e different. Distillation of the leaves from the individual trees and chennical examination of the oils confirmed his field organoleptic coenclusion. Tfcius the so-called physiological forms of Australian native species were discovered.
Museum achininistration and chemi-ca_l research axe not easily combined, burnt the Sydney museum is one of the fe^v museums in the world having its own laboratories in the buildings. Pen-fold's museum has three functions: exhibition, infoiraation, and research. Tine work of the botanical and the cfftemical laboratories is an important aspect of the museum's program and an aspect in w h i c h Penfold has a strong personal interest . Assigned to chemical research there are five senior and three jumior chemisfis. "I wouldn ' t want a laarger staff," s^ys Penfold. He likes to b e in close t o u c h with all important work "being d o n e by subordinates.
His distillery is equipped with all types of batcL· stills; they range from a small glass u n i t holding a pound of fo*liage up to a large iron still taking a 2000-pound claarge. Init ial distillations acre done in thiese batch stills and final oil fractionations in laboratory columns.
Influenced Eucalyptus Oil Indus t ry . Iovestigations of oils from Australian flora "by the museum has resulted in thae establ ishment of the eucalyptus oil iradustry in Australia and laid the foundations for synthetic thymol and menthol p roduc t ion from eucalyptus oil.
Penfold h a s a keen interest in horti-cmlture. Al though it really is a hobby, it has always: been closely related to h is work. In fciis own private garden he developed several important oil-pro-cbucing species of eucalyptus. It is believed that t l i e fruitful results of his home gardening influenced the New Skwth. Wales government to establish rifcvo exper imenta l plantations to carry om this type of work.
Penfold wil l receive the Fritzsche Akvvarcl in Kansas City next week. This will b e his t t i i rd trip to the U . S. H e fiixst visited tn i s country in 1939 under a. Carnegie g ran t , made t o enable him t o collect information on museum presentation and construction. H e visited
.major museums not only in this country, bu t also in Canada and in the principal countries of Europe. He returned to the U. S. in 1954 as leader of the New South Wales government mission on plastics and synthetic fibers.
Penfold has served as president of the Royal Society of New South Wales and Foundat ion Chairman of the Australian Section of the Oil and Colour Chemists' Association. H e has received the Henry G. Smith Medal of the Australian Chemical Institute for outstanding contributions to thé chemistry of Australian plant products and the Royal Society of New South Wales Medal for research on chemistry of essential oils carried out during the past 30 years.
A. R. Penfold was born in 1890. He was educa ted in the state public schools a t Sydney, and the Sydney Technical
College. He graduated from the Technical College in 1914 after studying a combined chemistry, physics, and botany course. After four years in industry as a research chemist with an essential oil distiller he was appointed assistant economic chemist with the Sydney Technological Museum (now called the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences), and has been its head since 1927.
Penfold and his wife are now in London on what he calls a half business and half pleasure assignment. It is business because he is undertaking several important missions for his government. I t is pleasure because they have plans for several European holiday trips, and then, too, his daughter, Dulcie, is now working in London. The Penfolds plan to return to Australia in August.
Chandler Medal Presented to Willard Frank Lib by Willard Frank Libby, professor of chemistry in the Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago, receives Columbia University's first Chandler Medal for the Bicentennial year of 1954, given for outstanding achievements in the field of chemistry. Dr. Libby is widely known as the originator of the carbon-14 dating technique, a method for accurately determining the age of organic material as much as 25,000 years old. The technique is used by botanists, geologists, archeologists, biologists, and others to determine age of ancient animal and vegetable remains. Left to right: Edward C. Kendall, Harold Urey, Dr. Libby, Grayson Kirk (president of Columbia University ), and I. I. Rabi
INDUSTRY James W . Anderson, Jr., transfers
from manufacturing plants of Applied Research Laboratories, Glendale, Calif., to New York as sales and installation engineer for eastern area.
Wal te r K. Asbeek joins staff of research and development department, Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co., South Charleston, W. Va.
Alfred Griffin Ashcroft, vp and director of research and development at Alexander Smith, Inc., to receive Harold De Wit t Smith Memorial Medal of
Committee D-13 on Textiles, American Society for Testing Materials, March 18. Cited for outstanding accomplishment in the development and application of fundamental knowledge of textile fibers.
John C. Atkinson completes graduate work at Penn State and joins Chas. Pfizer & Co.'s agricultural development department, Terre Haute, Ind., as a biochemist.
Bernard Baum joins development department, Bakélite Co., Bound Brook, N . J., as research chemist.
9*52 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S
General Mills Provides Amine Source >nv^ Resin Blends Show Coating Benefits ̂ i^wviir Aliphats Cut Buffing Compound Cost
Fatty Amine Users are now offered a new source of continuous amine supply by General Mills.
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D e c o r a t i v e and Protective Coatings got a new boost when Polyamide and epoxy resins were blended recently. These t h e r m o s e t t i n g b l e n d s proved excellent for coating collapsible metal tubes, foil, paper, machinery, masonry or concrete, and for other important applications.
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The chemist at work on the vacuum coating unit and electron microscope, above, illustrates the research that accounts in part for General Mills' rapid success as a chemical supplier.
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General Mills CHEMICAL DIVISION
KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS Please send me additional technical information for the products checked below:
D Fatty Amines Aliphats: Π 6-A
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D Polyamide Resins Π 6-BW Π 6-C D 7-C D 7-R
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V O L U M E 3 2, N O . 1 0 M A R C H 8, 1 9 5 4 953
[CHEMICAL PROGRESS . . a t GENERAL MILLS
PEOPLE.
Putscher Honored for Work in Olefins
Richard E. Putscher ( left ), research analytical chemist, receives Award of Scientific Merit at Armour Research Foundation from John Krc, research crystal-lographer. He was cited for his original research on isolation of olefins from crude oil. ARF established the award last year for "outstanding individual scientific accomplishment"
Martin Buck, manager of manufacturing engineering, appointed assistant to vp-manufacturing at Shell Chemical Corp., New York; E. S. Robb, assistant manager, becomes manager of manufacturing engineering; R. L. Kittle, superintendent of Houston plant, becomes manager of manufacturing operations department; M. R. Sprinkle, plant superintendent at Denver, named manager of manufacturing development department; all these positions are in New York. Glenn Purcell becomes manager or Houston plant replacing Β. Μ. Downey, transferred to New York as manager of manufacturing; E. W. Casagrande, superintendent of Pittsburgh, Calif., plant, becomes manager at Martinez plant.
William Carpenter appointed St. Louis district sales manager for Columbia-Southern Chemical Corp.
Technologists recently joining staff of General Foods central laboratories in Hoboken include: Mavis Carrolî and Michael Sivetz, as section leaders; Enid Denker and Valentine Fischer, junior technologists; and Lorraine Bara, library technologist and assistant cataloged
Robert H. Cotton resigns as director of research at Holly Sugar Corp. to become associate director of research at Huron Milling Co., Harbor Beach, Mich.
John E. Frank from Phillips Petroleum Co. joins staff of Whiting laboratories, Standard Oil Co. ( Ind ) .
Robert L. Greene joins staff of Pur-vin and Gertz, consulting engineers. Dallas. From Standard Oil Development Co.
Gerald G. Greth joins Atlas Powder Co. to do application research work in sales, central research laboratory, Wilmington.
David M. Griffith, executive vp of Wilputte coke oven division of Allied Chemical & Dye, retires after more than 30 years i n the field. Succeeded by Frans Wethly.
Henry E. Griffith appointed vp-sales for Bradley Container Corp., Maynard, Mass. From Plax Corp.
L. P. Harris becomes production manager for Geigy Agricultural Chemicals, Bayonne, N. J. From Cotton States Chemical Co.
Walter F . Hess joins Pennsalt to handle sales of chemical resistant cements and coatings, Detroit .
L, A. Jarvis named technical service representative of calcium carbonate department, Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., Michigan alkali division, Wyandotte, Mich.
Samuel N. Johnson named project engineer at General Electric chemical materials department's phenolic products plant, Pittsfield, M^ss. Henry J. Digeser named process ;. îgineer.
William S. Kather named supeivisor in water-repellent silicone sales development and Milton C. Lauenstein supervisor in rubber fabricating industry sales for General Electric Co., Water-ford, Ν. Υ.
C. L. Kenny appointed manager oi products at Quaker Rubber Corp., Pittsburgh.
Maurice E. Kinsey becomes plant su-perintendent at Transparent Package Co., Chicago. From Rayonier, Inc.
Arm in L. Klemm named supervisor of wood preservatives and special chemicals sales for Monsanto's orga.nic chemicals division, St. Louis. Succeeds James W. Starrett, now manager of pharmaceutical sales. Harold W. An-way to be sales representative for Kansas City.
Marion P. Lelong joins West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co., Charleston, S. C , as chemical engineer, teclinical service department.
Alexander J. McCarthy elected secretary of National Adhesives, Ltd., England.
Robert W. Mayer, formerly engaged in practice of law in New York, joins Standard Oil Development Co., Elizabeth, N. J., as a patent attorney.
L. K. Mayne appointed manager of Woodbridge, N. J., plant of industrial chemicals division, AmericanCyanamid.
Eugene Nicolait retires as director of marketing and sales research for yeast, malt, and corn products division of Anheuser-Busch, Inc. Succeeded by Jones E. Mapes, former district manager, New York.
S. R. Pearson joins Dow's Texas division as research and development engineer in die organic research department, Freeport.
H. A. Persyn appointed superintend-
German Scientists Confer with Battelle Men
Richard Klar (left), professor of physical cfciem-istry at University of F r a n k f u r t , r ecen t ly toured Battelle Institute's facilities for chemical research and held a series of conferences with Battelle scientists. Here he looks at German scientific volume with B . D. Thomas, associate director at Battelle. Boris Ba-jewysky, director of Max Planck Institute for Biophysics in Frankfurt, and O. Hug, of University of Frankfurt, also visited Battelle
954 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G NE W S
HOW HERCULES HELPS. . . Hercocel®\ a Hercules cellulosic plastic, is durahle, lightweight, colorful .^ , and quickly and economically molded into intricate or thin-w ailed shapes. It is used for hundreds of industrial and consumer products, one of which is Connecticut Telephone & Electric's new interoffice telephone shown here.
In quarrying a< in metal mining coal mining and construction, proper blasting with the pi opt r expluM* e^ promote^ highc r prodm tion eabier woik for nun and machine-. Hen ules 10 \<ais oi experience m the de\eloprnerit manufu< ture ami u-e oi explosive-) niear. top efficiency and ec orionn
TO CUT BLASTING COSTS
Hercules' continuing creative research in chemical materials is reflected in an increase in sales from $7,640,741 in 1913 to $190,202,417 in 1953; more than 10,000 employees; and a history of 162 consecutive dividends since Hercules' organization in 1913. Send for your copy of our 1953 annual report.
HERCULES POWDER COMPANY 982 Market Street, Wilmington 99, Del.
V O L U M E 3 2, N O . 1 0 · » » M A R C H 8, 1 9 5 4
mk Hercules' business today helps f ' IL almost everyone's business. It embraces the production of synthetic resins , cellulose products, chemical cotton, terpene chemicals, rosin and rosin derivatives, chlorinated products, and many other chemical processing m a t e r i a l s — as well a s e x p l o s i v e s . Through close cooperative research with its customers, Hercules has helped improve the processing or performance of many industrial and consumer products. If you are a manufacturer, we we lcome t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o work with you.
HERCULES 9 5 5
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Low Cost; Thermosett ing; Corrosion Resistant Resins
1 · Low Cost permits wide appl ications in present liquid resin markets. Though they a re competitive in cost and have many of the properties of phenoplasts and aminoplasts, furfuryl alcohol resins give extra va lue in that they are more inert to chemical attack.
2 · Thermoset t ing assures resistance to distortion at high temperatures ( 3 6 0 ° F.) in dry or wet applications.
3 . Corrosion resistant means essentially no attack o r disintegration by weak or strong alkalies, acids and solvents or combinations thereof a t room temperatures or a t elevated temperatures.
Numerous firms specializing in the construction of corrosion resistant installations and equipment, employ furfuryl alcohol type rv sins. The resins themselves are available from prominent resin manufacturers for your consideration in liquid resin applications. We also invite you to consider furfuryl alcohol type resins for your general binder requirements.
Send for Bulletin 205 on Furfuryl Alcohol.
•Reg. U.S. Pal Off.
The Quaker Qats (bmparty 333P The Merchandise Mart , Chicago 54, Illinois Room 533P, 120 Wal l St., New York 5 , Ν. Υ . Room 433P, P. O. Box 4376, Portland 8, Oregon
In Europe: Quaker Oats-Graanproducten N . V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Quaker Oats (France) S.A., 3 , Rue Pillet-Will, Paris IX, France
In Australia: Swift & Company, Pty., Ltd., Sydney . · In Japan: F. Kanematsu & Company Ltd., Tokyo
nmmtiii IÎFÏI
PEOPLE-
ent of fine chemicals plant of Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. Has been in charge of Indianapolis refinery. T. E . Courtney put in charge of new synthetic pyridine plant.
J. L. Rendall becomes business manager for central research department, Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co. C. J. Berg succeeds him as section leader, technical information.
George W . Russell appointed assistant general manager of American Cy-anamicTs newly formed pigments division. Has been manager of manufacturers chemicals department.
Edward Samuel, Jr., named plant engineer of Hercules Powder Co.'s new plant a t Gibbstown, N. J.
M. «A. Stanton, Chicago representative for Chemo Puro Mfg. Corp., returns to New York.
Charles I . Tewksbury named project manager, petrochemicals research department, National Research Corp., Cambridge, Mass. James H. Gardner named assistant director of petrochemicals department.
M. H . Thornton, supervisor of all chemical operations at Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo., becomes director for chemical sciences. Martin Gold, in charge of engineering and physics activities, becomes director for engineering sciences.
Richard T. Ubben named divisional technical coordinator in paint division, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. Chester G, Gauerke named divisional supervisor of resin development and Robert L . Nelson, administrative assistant to technical director.
R. F . Welter joins New York direct sales group of Antara Chemicals, sales division of General Aniline & Film Corp.
D. J . Winter and D . L. Campbell appointed vice presidents of British American Oil Co., Ltd.,Toronto, Ont.
Herbert B. Woodman, president of Interchemical Corp., serves seventh consecutive year as chairman of paints and chemicals division, Legal Aid Society's annual fund raising campaign.
GOVERNMENT Earle B. Hodgdon, chief chemist a t
Doe & Ingalls, Inc., appointed Chemical Officer, 94th Infantry Division (Reserve), Boston.
W. B . Keene appointed chief, facilities service branch, Chemical Corps engineering agency, Forest Hill, Md.
Herman F. Reinhold, Jr., from Hercules Powder, inducted into Army to serve a t Army Chemical Center, Md.
9 5 6 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S