Acronyms/Abbreviations: AABQ = Adolescent Aggressive Behaviors Questionnaire; AAQ 3.1 = Adult Attachment Questionnaire; AFSLQ = Adolescent Family and Social Life Questionnaire; APIS = Adolescent Pathological Internet Scale; BBS = bulletin board; BIRAB = Bernner’s Internet-Related Addictive Behavior scale; BMSLSS = Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale; BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory; CBSS = Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; CIAS = Chen Internet Addiction Scale; dx/dxs = diagnosis/diagnoses; CTSPC = Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scales; DQIA = Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction; EMBU = Memories of Upbringing Scale (see MUBS below), EPQ-R = Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised; FACES = Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale; FACES II-CV = Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale Version II-Chinese Version; FAD = Family Assessment Device; FES-CV = Family Environment Scale – Chinese Version; IA/IAs = Internet Addiction/Internet Addicts; IADSI = Internet Addiction Disorder Self-Report Inventory; IAS = Internet Addiction Scale; IAST = Internet Addiction Scale for Taiwanese High School Students; IAT = Internet Addiction Test; IBCQ = Internet Behavior Character Questionnaire; ICQ = software system for instant messaging; IM = Instant Messaging; IOT = Internet Overuse Tendency; IOU = Internet Overuse; IPPA = Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment; IRABI v. II = Internet-Related Addictive Behavior Inventory Version II (Chinese Translation); IRS = Interpersonal Relationship Scale; IS = Interpersonal Sensitivity; ISEL = Internet Support Evaluation List; ISES = Internet Self-Efficacy Scale; ISS = Internet Service Scale; IUBQ = Internet Usage Behavior Questionnaire; IUMGS = Internet Usage Motivation and Gratification Scale; jr = junior; KEISS = Kato’s Ego-Identity Status Scale; MSLSS = Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale; MSQA = Multidimensional Sub-Health Questionnaire for Adolescents; MUBS = Memories of Upbringing Scale; OGAT = Online Gaming Addiction Test; PDQ = Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Chinese Version; PEIU-II = Pleasure Experience from Internet Usage- Version II; PIU/PIUs = Pathological Internet Use/Pathological Internet Users; PIUST = Pathological Internet Use Scale for Taiwanese High School Students; PLOC = Perceived Locus of Control Scale; QESU = Questionnaire for Experience of Substance Use; QOLI = Quality of Life Inventory; RSES = Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SAS-A = Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents; SCARED = Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders; SCL-90 = Symptom Checklist 90; SCSMSS = Scale of Coping Style for Middle School Students; SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQP = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Version; SES = Self-Esteem Scale; SLEQ = Stressful Life Events Questionnaire; SSRS = Social Support Rating Scale; SSST = Sensation Seeking Scale Taiwan Version; sr = senior; sx/sxs = symptom/symptoms; TCSQ = Trait-Oriented Coping Styles Questionnaire; TPQ = Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire; tx/txs = treatment/treatments; VOC = vocational; WWW= World Wide Web; YDQ = Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire; ZSRAS = Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; ZSRDS = Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale.