COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF MADRE DE CACAO

(Gliricidia sepium) LEAVES AND SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus)

SEEDS MIXTURE AND PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea) AND SQUASH

(Cucurbita moschata) SEEDS MIXTURE AS FEED ADDITIVES ON

THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COBB BROILERS

A Baby Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of

Mindanao State University

College of Education Training Department

General Santos City

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for

Research II

Elvin Jay S. Tesoro

Adriane Rafael M. Solano

January 2010

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The success story of this study would not have been written without the help

of many people whose generosity are beyond compare. Hence, the researchers

would like to acknowledge with gratitude their sincerest appreciation and heartfelt

thanks for the valuable inspirations they extended that help them carve the destiny of

this study to reality

To Mrs. Elsie Villanueva, sincerest thanks are extended, who helped them

point out the exact title of this study, for her unselfish and consistent guidance,

advises, critical supervisions and sharing her knowledge in the field of specialization

puts even though she has been so busy for her flight to United Kingdom for the

masteral scholarship program; and to Ms. Esmaida Andang, their research adviser,

for her suggestions in the refinement of this study, for sharing the researchers the

most valuable inputs in this study, critical collaborations, and for going over the

proposal and manuscript;

To their beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs. Alicia Tesoro, and Mr. and Mrs. Edina

Solano, special gratitude are given, who have the best of everything they dearly

possess- love and understanding, advices, encouragements, unconditional supports

of financial, spiritual, and moral aspect, that made them pursue their study

conscientiously, vigorously, and with burning passion to the best of their ability;

To the wholehearted support from their buddies, Arjan, Darmy, Peter, and

Daniel, for the encouragement and understanding about their situation while they

were conducting their experiment for almost two months that they barely attend their

typical friendship talks;

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To all APUV Gang members and Dwight, “Ang Dakilang Manniyot ng AG”, as

well as to all their classmates, grateful appreciations are extended for sharing some

of their precious time attending them while imparting their most cherished mind, and

challenges that steeled themselves in spirits which made them work harder than

before to accomplish the task set before them;

To Lolo Ramon who helped them feed and gave fresh water to the

experimental broilers everyday, as well as weekly cleaning of broiler house while

they were attending their studies and home tasks;

To the authors’ brothers and sisters, and cousins especially Nathaniel,

Angela, and KikKim who were always around for pretty sweet smiles, somehow

became the source of strength showered upon even the world for them was turning

upside-down;

To the defense panelists of this study, namely, Mrs. Sheila M. Loable, Ms.

Chrisma Lugares, and Mr. Jose Paolo dela Cruz, credits are conferred for giving

them some fresh ideas and new insights for the improvement of this research paper,

and for giving them a wonderful experience of a thesis defense;

To all MSU teachers whom they crossed path in the school campus, you

were part of this study, your words of wisdom they never forget that inspired them to

succeed in this endeavor;

And Above All, To the Almighty Father, who is always an ever gracious and

benevolent God, for allowing them to let them see the light of the sun and the beauty

of the world He created, for His never ending blessings, wisdom and guidance, and

hope bestowed upon them throughout the years.

The Researchers

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Approval Sheet

A baby thesis presented hereto, entitled “COMPARATIVE STUDY ON

THE EFFICACY OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) LEAVES AND

SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) SEEDS MIXTURE AND PEANUT (Arachis

hypogaea) AND SQUASH (Cucurbita moschata) SEEDS MIXTURE AS FEED

ADDITIVES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COBB BROILERS”

prepared and submitted by Elvin Jay S. Tesoro and Adriane Rafael M. Solano of

Mindanao State University-College of Education Training Department, in partial

fulfillment of the requirements in Research II, is hereby accepted.

Elvin Jay S. Tesoro Adriane Rafael M. Solano

Researcher 1 Researcher 2

Mr. Jose Paolo dela Cruz Ms. Chrisma Lugares

Panel 1 Panel 2

Mrs. Sheila Loable

Panel 3

Ms. Esmaida Andang

Research Adviser

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Absract

This study sought to determine and compare the effects of ground mixture of

madre de cacao leaves and sunflower seeds and the effects of ground mixture of

peanut and squash seeds to the commercially available feeds in the market on the

growth performance of Cobb broilers in terms of total feed consumption, total

liveweight gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, and the IOFCC (Income

Over Feed and Chick Cost). The study also aimed to compare which of the two

mixtures is a more efficient feed additive.

The study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with

three treatments replicated three times. Two broilers were assigned in each

replication. The treatments of the study were the following: T0 (control group); T1

(mixture of madre de cacao leaves and sunflower seeds; and T2 (mixture of peanut

and squash seeds). The efficiency of a treatment is reflected on how they positively

and significantly affected the aforementioned data collected and computed from the

set of experimental birds.

The results showed that birds in T2 had the highest total feed consumed, total

liveweight gained, IOFCC value, and the most efficient converters of feeds into body

weight gained. These was followed by birds in T1, which also had the highest dressing

percentage (birds in T2 had only the next), meaning the possibility of obtaining the

greatest amount of meat is found in these birds. Finally, birds in T0 (control group) had

the least performance of all the data considered. One-Way ANOVA and Tukey t test

confirmed that there was significant difference between T0 and T2 means in terms of

feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, and IOFCC. Same was also true between T0

and T1 means. Moreover, the total liveweight gain mean in T2 was significantly

different than those in T0, but the total liveweight gain mean in T1 is not. However, no

significant difference was found between T1 and T2 on all the set of data.

In accordance with the interpretations of the results, the researchers concluded

that either of the feed additives tested at 10% level in the study can efficiently

substitute the commercially available feeds in the market. But for improved effects, the

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researchers recommend the mixture of peanut and squash seeds as a better choice to

increase total liveweight gained.

Table of Contents

Title Page …………………………………………………………………………Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………….Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………………….Abstract …………………………………………………………………………..Table of Contents……………………………………………………………….. List of Tables, Appendices, and Figures …………………………………...

Chapter I: The Problem and Its Setting ……………………………………...I.I Background of the Study ……………………………………………………..

I.2 Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………………...

I.3 Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………...

I.4 Hypotheses …………………………………………………………………...

I.5 Objectives and Significance of the Study …………………………………..

I.6 Scope and Limitations ………………………………………………………..

I.7 Time and Place of the Study ………………………………………………....

1.8 Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………………

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature ……………………………………..II.1 Poultry Chickens ……………………………………………………………....

II.2 Broilers ………………………………………………………………………….

II.3 Cobb Broilers …………………………………………………………………..

II.4 Broiler Raising …………………………………………………………………

II.5 Sources of the Feed Additives of the Study ………………………………..

II.5.1 Madre de cacao ……………………………………………………..

II.5.2 Sunflower …………………………………………………………….

II.5.3 Peanut ………………………………………………………………..

II.5.4 Squash ……………………………………………………………….

II.6 Chicken Feed …………………………………………………………………..

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II.7 Feed Additives ………………………………………………………………….

II.8 Nutrients ………………………………………………………………………...

II.9 Protein …………………………………………………………………………..

II.10 Vitamins and Minerals ……………………………………………………….

II.11Cobb Feeding ………………………………………………………………….

II.12 Poultry Mashes ………………………………………………………….........

II.12.1 Chick Booster and Starter Mash…………………………………………..

II.12.2 Grower Mash ………………………………………………………………..

II.13 Water Literature ……………………………………………………………….

II.14 Housing Facilities ……………………………………………………………..

II.15 Brooding ……………………………………………………………………….

II.16 Brooding Temperature and Lighting Facilities ……………………………..

II.17 Feeders and Waterers ……………………………………………………......

Chapter III: Methodology …………………………………………………………III.1 Materials Used …………………………………………………………………

III.2 Experimental Design and Treatments ………………………………………

III.3 Preparation of the Experimental House …………………………………….

III.4 Selection of Experimental Chicks ……………………………………………

III.5 Preparation of the Feed Additives …………………………………………...

III.6 Brooder Stage ……………………………………………………………….....

III.7 Grower Stage ………………………………………………………………......

III.8 Light Management ……………………………………………………………..

III.9 Health and Sanitation Management ………………………………………….

III. 10Water Consumption …………………………………………………………..

III.11 Data Gathering ………………………………………………………………...

III.12 Statistical Tools ………………………………………………………………..

Chapter IV: Results and Discussions……………………………………………

IV.1 Feed Consumption (FC) ……………………………………………………….

IV.2 Total Liveweight Gain (TLG) …………………………………………………..

IV.3 Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) ………………………………………………….

IV.4 Dressing Percentage (DP) ……………………………………………………....

IV.5 Income Over Feed and Chick and Cost (IOFCC) …………………………….

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IV.6 Weekly Feed Consumption and Liveweight Gain……………………………..

4.7 Mortality Rate……………………………………………………………………...

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations, and Suggestions …………………………………………...Appendices……………………………………………………………………………Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………...Documentations………………………………………………………………………

List of Tables

Table Page2.1 Required Nutrients of Broilers

And Recommended Intakes

2.2 Recommended Feed and Water

Consumption of Cobb broilers

4.1 Feed Consumption of Cobb broilers as

influenced by the treatments of the study

4.2 Total Liveweight Gain of Cobb broilers

influenced by the treatments of the study

4.3 Feed Conversion Ratio of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

4.4 Dressing Percentage of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

4.5 Income Over Feed and Chick Cost of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

List of Appendices

Appendix Table Page1a Feed Consumption (g) of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

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1b Analysis of Variance on Feed Consumption

of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study

2a Total Liveweight Gain (g) of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

2b Analysis of Variance on Total Liveweight Gain

of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study

3a Feed Conversion Ratio of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

3b Analysis of Variance on Feed Conversion Ratio

of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study

4a Dressing Percentage (%) of Cobb broilers

as influenced by the treatments of the study

4b Analysis of Variance on Dressing Percentage (%)

of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study

5a Income Over Feed and Chick and Cost (IOFCC) in Pesos

of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study

5b Analysis of Variance on Income Over Feed and Chick and Cost

(IOFCC) in Pesos of Cobb broilers as influenced by the

treatments of the study

Appendix Figure Page1 Weekly Feed Consumption

2 Weekly Weight Gain

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