acids, bases, and solutions
DESCRIPTION
Acids, Bases, and Solutions. Describing Acids and Bases. Details. Main Ideas. An acid . Properties Of Acids. tastes sour. reacts with metals. turns litmus red. “Corrosive” – An acid acting on a metal to Eat it away. Corrosion of steel tank car by sulfuric acid. Affects of Acid Rain. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Acids, Bases, and Solutions
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Describing Acids and BasesMain Ideas Details
An acid • tastes sour• reacts with metals
PropertiesOf Acids
• turns litmus red“Corrosive” – An acid acting on a metal to Eat it away
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Corrosion of steel tank car by sulfuric acid
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Affects of Acid Rain
Statue 1906 before significant acid rain
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Affects of Acid Rain
Same Statue 1986
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Chapter 19. 2 Describing Acids and BasesMain Ideas Details
A Base • tastes bitter• feels slippery
PropertiesOf Bases
• turns litmus blue
An “indicator” is a substance that turns different colors in acids and bases
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Properties of Acids Bases in SolutionsMain Ideas Details
An Acid forms H+ ions in solution with water
Atoms in Acids & Bases
A Base forms OH- ions (hydroxide) in solution with water
HCl (in H20) -> H+ + CL-
NaOH (in H20) -> Na+ + OH -
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Properties of Acids Bases in SolutionsMain Ideas Details
• pH > 7 is basic
pH Scale
• pH < 7 is acidic
The pH scale measures the acidity of a solution
• pH = 7 is neutral (pure water)
If an acid reacts with a base it will form water and a salt
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[H+] pH Example
Acids
1 X 100 0 HCl
1 x 10-1 1 Stomach acid1 x 10-2 2 Lemon juice1 x 10-3 3 Vinegar1 x 10-4 4 Soda1 x 10-5 5 Rainwater1 x 10-6 6 Milk
Neutral 1 x 10-7 7 Pure water
Bases
1 x 10-8 8 Egg whites1 x 10-9 9 Baking soda1 x 10-10 10 Tums® antacid1 x 10-11 11 Ammonia1 x 10-12 12 Mineral lime - Ca(OH)2
1 x 10-13 13 Drano®
1 x 10-14 14 NaOH
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Digestion and pH
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Digestion & pHMain Ideas Details
Digestion breaks down complex foodMolecules for use by the bodyThese products are used for
• Energy (cellular respiration)
Digestion
• Raw material for the body
Mechanical Digestion – rips, crushes, grinds and mashes food particlesChemical Digestion – breaks large molecules down to simpler products
Mechanical & chemical digestion
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Digestion & pHMain Ideas Details
Chemical digestion takes place with the help of “enzymes”
• The stomach’s pH is around 2.0 for digestion of protein using the enzyme “pepsin
Enzymes aid chemical digestion
• Amylase in the saliva breaks down carbohydrate (sugars) @ pH 7
Enzymes are “catalysts” – molecules that speed reactionsDifferent enzymes need different pH to operate effectively
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Digestion & pHMain Ideas Details
Proteins are broken down to “amino acids”
Chemical digestion & absorption
Digestion is completed in the small intestine and absorption of the products into the blood stream begins
In the small intestine fluids contain the base HCO3
- which creates a basic pH of 8
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Acids, Bases and pHMain Ideas Details
Summary
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