acids and bases integrated science. four acids hydrochloric acid – hcl sulfuric acid – h 2 so 4...
TRANSCRIPT
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Acids and Bases
Integrated Science
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Four Acids
• Hydrochloric Acid– HCl
• Sulfuric Acid– H2SO4
• Nitric Acid– HNO3
• Phosphoric Acid– H3PO4
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Definitions
• When IONIC compounds are dissolved in water, they break down into their ions– IONIC = one metal and one non metal– EXAMPLE: NaCl (s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
NaCl (solid)
Na+
Na+
Na+Cl-
Cl-
Cl-
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Definitions
• An acid makes H+ when it is dissolved in water.HCl (l) H+1 (aq) + Cl-1 (aq)
H3PO4 (l) 3 H+1 (aq) + PO4-3 (aq)
H2SO4 (l) 2 H+1 (aq) + SO4-2 (aq)
HNO3 (l) H+1 (aq) + NO3-1 (aq)
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Definitions
• In other words…– An acid has a hydrogen ion in it.
Hydrogen Ions = Acid
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Hydrochloric Acid• It is the
acid that is in your stomach
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Hydrochloric Acid
• Too little stomach acid– Infections
• Too much stomach acid– Ulcers (stress can cause too)
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Hydrochloric Acid
• Helps to make plastics– PVC Pipes– Milk Jugs– Rain Coats
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Hydrochloric Acid
• Helps to make food products– Gelatin– Food Preservatives
• We do not eat the HCl, it just helps to make the things that we do eat.
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Sulfuric Acid
• 165 million tons made a year in the United States
• Companies spend almost 8 billion dollars to make sulfuric acid.
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Sulfuric Acid• It is battery acid
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Sulfuric Acid
• It is used to make fertilizers
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Sulfuric Acid
• Fertilizers help to grow bigger and better crops and vegetables
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Sulfuric Acid
• It helps in refining oil• Oil refineries
separate oil into different products.– Gasoline– Kerosene– Diesel
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Nitric Acid
• Used to make fertilizers .• Used to purify gold from ore.
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Nitric Acid
• It is used in explosives– TNT• Nobel
– Oklahoma City Bombing• Fertilizers
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Phosphoric Acid
• Used to remove rust• Used to process and
preserve food.
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Phosphoric Acid
• Used by dentist and orthodontists to make braces stick to your teeth.
• Used to whiten teeth.
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Thee Bases
• Potassium Hydroxide– K(OH)
• Calcium Hydroxide– Ca(OH)2
• Sodium Hydroxide– Na(OH)
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Definitions
• When IONIC compounds are dissolved in water, they break down into their ions– IONIC = one metal and one non metal– EXAMPLE: NaCl (s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
NaCl (solid)
Na+
Na+
Na+Cl-
Cl-
Cl-
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Definitions
• An base makes OH- when it is dissolved in water.
K(OH) (s) OH-1 (aq) + K+1 (aq)
Ca(OH)2 (s) 2 OH-1 (aq) + Ca-2 (aq)
Na(OH) (s) OH-1 (aq) + Na-1 (aq)
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Definitions
• In other words…– An base has a hydroxide ion in it.
Hydroxide Ions = Base
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Uses of Bases
• All bases have common uses– Used to make soaps– Used as catalysts– Used to make paper
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Making Paper
• Bases make the brown wood pulp used to make paper white.