Acids and BasesAcids and Bases

Test YourselfTest Yourself

Characteristics of AcidsCharacteristics of Acids

1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct ______)1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct ______) HH++ electricityelectricity

2. Neutralize _____ in neutralization rxn2. Neutralize _____ in neutralization rxn basesbases

3. Corrode active ______ 3. Corrode active ______ →→ ____ gas ____ gas metals Hmetals H22

4. Turn _____ litmus _____4. Turn _____ litmus _____ blue redblue red

5. Taste ______5. Taste ______ soursour

Characteristics of BasesCharacteristics of Bases

1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct _______)1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct _______) OHOH-- electricityelectricity

2. Accept ____ ions from acids2. Accept ____ ions from acids HH++

3. Neutralize ____ in neutralization rxns3. Neutralize ____ in neutralization rxnsacidsacids

4. Denature _____; feel ________4. Denature _____; feel ________ proteins slipperyproteins slippery

5. Turn _____ litmus ______5. Turn _____ litmus ______ red bluered blue

6. Taste ______6. Taste ______ bitterbitter

Reactions Between Acids and Reactions Between Acids and BasesBases

Acid + Ionic Base Acid + Ionic Base →→ ______ + ______ ______ + ______

salt Hsalt H22OO

Acid + Covalent Base Acid + Covalent Base → → ________ ionsions

Give 2 examples of ionic base:Give 2 examples of ionic base:

LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ba(OH)LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ba(OH)22

(these are only the strong – (these are only the strong – manymany others) others)

Give 2 examples of covalent base:Give 2 examples of covalent base:

HH22OO NHNH33

B. Naming acids and basesB. Naming acids and bases1. Acids1. Acids

-- ions that end in “-ide”-- ions that end in “-ide”hydro______ic acid (e.g., HCl)hydro______ic acid (e.g., HCl)

-- ions that end in “-ate”-- ions that end in “-ate”

__________ic acid (e.g., H__________ic acid (e.g., H22SOSO44))

-- ions that end in “-ite”-- ions that end in “-ite”

__________ous acid (e.g., HNO__________ous acid (e.g., HNO22))

2. Bases2. Bases-- Normal ionic naming rules-- Normal ionic naming rules

(e.g., Sr(OH)(e.g., Sr(OH)22 – strontium hydroxide) – strontium hydroxide)

Try Naming These AcidsTry Naming These AcidsHNOHNO33

Nitric acidNitric acid

HClHCl

Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid

HH22SOSO44

Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid

HBrHBr

Hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid

HClOHClO44

Perchloric acidPerchloric acidHIHIHydroiodic acidHydroiodic acid

CC22HH44OO22

Acetic acidAcetic acid

HH22POPO44

Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid

HNOHNO22

Nitrous acidNitrous acid

HCNHCNHydrocyanic acidHydrocyanic acid

HH22COCO33

Carbonic acidCarbonic acid

HClOHClO33

Chloric acidChloric acid

HClOHClO22

Chlorous acidChlorous acidHClOHClOHypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid

Write down the six strong acidsWrite down the six strong acids

How does your list compare with the How does your list compare with the following?following?

HClHCl HBrHBr HIHI HNOHNO33 HClOHClO44 HH22SOSO44

Strong acids ________ _________ in HStrong acids ________ _________ in H22OO

dissociate/ionize completelydissociate/ionize completely

Write down the six strong basesWrite down the six strong bases

(Hint: Look at your periodic table!)(Hint: Look at your periodic table!)

LiOHLiOH NaOHNaOH KOHKOH RbOHRbOH

CsOHCsOH Ba(OH)Ba(OH)22

Name the following BasesName the following Bases

LiOHLiOHLithium hydroxideLithium hydroxide

Ba(OH)Ba(OH)22

Barium hydroxideBarium hydroxide

NHNH33

Ammonia (tricky exception)Ammonia (tricky exception)

Just following ionic compound naming rules!Just following ionic compound naming rules!

Predicting Reactions -- TermsPredicting Reactions -- Terms

Polyprotic acidPolyprotic acid: :

An acid that can donate more than one protonAn acid that can donate more than one proton

Triprotic acidTriprotic acid: :

An acid that can donate up to 3 protonsAn acid that can donate up to 3 protons

Diprotic acidDiprotic acid: :

An acid that can donate up to 2 protonsAn acid that can donate up to 2 protons

AmphiproticAmphiprotic::

Something that can act as an acid or base (like water)Something that can act as an acid or base (like water)

Acids and Ionic BasesAcids and Ionic Bases

Acid + Ionic base → ______ + _______Acid + Ionic base → ______ + _______Salt Salt water water

HCl + NaOH → ________ + _________HCl + NaOH → ________ + _________

NaCl NaCl H H22OO

HH22SOSO44 + Ba(OH) + Ba(OH)22 → _______ + _______ → _______ + _______

BaSOBaSO44 2H 2H22OO

Acids and Covalent BasesAcids and Covalent Bases

Acid + Covalent Base → ________Acid + Covalent Base → ________ionsions

HH33POPO44 + 3NH + 3NH33 → _______ + _______ → _______ + _______

3NH3NH44++ POPO44

3-3-

HOCl + HHOCl + H22O → _______ + ______O → _______ + ______

HH33OO++ ClOClO--

pHpH

pH is a measure of _______________.pH is a measure of _______________.[H[H++] ions] ions

(reads, “concentration [ ] of H(reads, “concentration [ ] of H++ ions) ions)

When pH is less than 7, _____ is greater than the _______.When pH is less than 7, _____ is greater than the _______. [H[H++] ] [OH [OH--]]

When pH is greater than 7, _____ is greater than the ______.When pH is greater than 7, _____ is greater than the ______. [OH[OH--]] [H [H++]]

When pH is at 7, [HWhen pH is at 7, [H++] _________ [OH] _________ [OH--]. The solution is ________.]. The solution is ________. equalsequals neutral neutral

MolarityMolarity

Concentration in Chemistry: _____________________Concentration in Chemistry: _____________________Molarity (Molarity (MM))

Molarity = ________/________Molarity = ________/________ moles Litermoles Liter

What is the What is the MM of NaOH when 2.6 moles of NaOH are dissolved in 534 mL? of NaOH when 2.6 moles of NaOH are dissolved in 534 mL?(4.9 (4.9 MM NaOH) NaOH)

124.3 g of HNO124.3 g of HNO33 are dissolved in 250.0mL. What is the are dissolved in 250.0mL. What is the MM??

(7.89 (7.89 MM HNO HNO33))

DilutionDilution

What’s the formula?What’s the formula?

CC11VV1 1 = C= C22VV22

Chemist needs 750.0 mL of 3.5Chemist needs 750.0 mL of 3.5MM H H22SOSO44. Has 10.0. Has 10.0MM

HH22SOSO44. Write out how you would do the dilution.. Write out how you would do the dilution.

(Measure 490 mL of water; add 260 mL of H(Measure 490 mL of water; add 260 mL of H22SOSO44))

Always add _______ to ________!!!Always add _______ to ________!!!

acid acid waterwater

StoichiometryStoichiometry

Sodium sulfate can be made by reacting HSodium sulfate can be made by reacting H22SOSO44

with sodium hydroxide. How many grams of with sodium hydroxide. How many grams of sodium sulfate can be produced if 500.0 mL of sodium sulfate can be produced if 500.0 mL of 1.61.6MM sodium hydroxide is reacted with excess sodium hydroxide is reacted with excess sulfuric acid?sulfuric acid?

(57 g Na(57 g Na22SOSO44))

TitrationTitration

TitrationTitration: The process of slowly reacting a base : The process of slowly reacting a base of unknown concentration with an acid of of unknown concentration with an acid of known concentration (or vice versa) until just known concentration (or vice versa) until just enough acid has been added to react with all of enough acid has been added to react with all of the base (the the base (the endpointendpoint has been reached). has been reached).

Endpoint:Endpoint: _____________________ _____________________# of moles of acid (or base) added are enough # of moles of acid (or base) added are enough to react with any base (or acid) presentto react with any base (or acid) present

125mL of nitric acid with unknown 125mL of nitric acid with unknown MM is titrated is titrated against magnesium hydroxide with a against magnesium hydroxide with a concentration of 2.3 concentration of 2.3 MM. If 35.4 mL of base are . If 35.4 mL of base are required in order to reach the endpoint, what required in order to reach the endpoint, what was the concentration of the acid?was the concentration of the acid?

(1.3 M HNO(1.3 M HNO33))

Extra CreditExtra Credit

2 Extra Credit point every time you test 2 Extra Credit point every time you test yourself! (Just let me know in “discussion”)yourself! (Just let me know in “discussion”)