ACID,ACID,BASE BASE & SALT& SALT

STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO

DEFINE ACID AND BASE

IDENTIFY ACID & BASE USING INDICATORS

DETERMINE THE ACIDITY OF HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT USING NATURAL INDICATORS

CHARACTERISTIC OF ACIDCHARACTERISTIC OF ACID

• CORROSIVE• THEY CAN REACT WITH METALS AND THEY

PRODUCE HYDROGEN GAS• THEY HAVE SOUR TASTE• THEY CAN CHANGE THE COLOUR OF Blue

litmus into RED LITMUS• ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION (THAT IS ABLE TO

CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT)

SOME KNOWN ACIDSSOME KNOWN ACIDS

CITRIC ACID OBTAINED IN ORANGECITRIC ACID OBTAINED IN ORANGE ACETIC ACID OBTAINED IN VINEGARACETIC ACID OBTAINED IN VINEGAR HYDROCHLORIC ACID OBTAINED IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID OBTAINED IN

STOMACHSTOMACH LACTIC ACID OBTAINED IN CHEESELACTIC ACID OBTAINED IN CHEESE BENZOIC ACID OBTAINED IN FOOD BENZOIC ACID OBTAINED IN FOOD

PRESERVATIVESPRESERVATIVES

Figure 2.5The identification of HCI, NaOH solutions using Litmus Paper

Indicator Acid Solution Base Solution Neutral Solution

Red Litmus Red Blue Red

Blue Litmus Red Blue Blue

Solution Color Solution Characteristics

Lemon Juice    

Vinegar Solution    

Salt Solution    

Soap Solution    

Soda Solution    

Borax Solution    

Duct Cleaner    

SolutionSolution Red Red LitmusLitmus

Blue Blue LitmusLitmus PhenolphtaleinPhenolphtalein Methyl RedMethyl Red Properties of Properties of

SolutionSolution

Vitamin CVitamin C               

Porcelain Porcelain CleanerCleaner               

Stomach AcidStomach Acid               

Eye DropEye Drop               

Drinking Drinking WaterWater               

CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF BASEBASE

- CAUSTIC- CAUSTIC- FEEL SMOOTH ON OUR HAND- FEEL SMOOTH ON OUR HAND- BITTER TASTE- BITTER TASTE

CHANGE THE COLOUR OF Red litmus into CHANGE THE COLOUR OF Red litmus into blue litmusblue litmusSlippery Slippery In pure state, usually base is in form of solidIn pure state, usually base is in form of solid

ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION (THAT IS ABLE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION (THAT IS ABLE TO CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT)TO CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT)

Remember !Remember !

Touch isn’t a Safe way to test a base propertiesTouch isn’t a Safe way to test a base properties

Some example for baseSome example for base

1.1. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 2

2.2. Soap Soap

3.3. DeodorantDeodorant

4.4. Duct cleanerDuct cleaner

Electrolyte Electrolyte characteristics of characteristics of acid,Base and saltacid,Base and saltIf the acid, base or salt that is disolved in If the acid, base or salt that is disolved in

water produces ions, it is an electric water produces ions, it is an electric conductor, The solution that able to conductor, The solution that able to conduct electric current, is called conduct electric current, is called ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONELECTROLYTE SOLUTION

What differences base What differences base and acidand acid

Acid reacts with metal, marble (CaCOAcid reacts with metal, marble (CaCO33), and other material), and other material

In the solution acid ionizes to give HIn the solution acid ionizes to give H++ ions ions

Base generally doesn’t react with metalBase generally doesn’t react with metal

Base do not react with calcium acetateBase do not react with calcium acetate

In the solutio base ionizes to give OHIn the solutio base ionizes to give OH-- ions ions

Acid Reacts with BaseAcid Reacts with Base

On television, you often watch advertisement On television, you often watch advertisement showing how effective an antacid neutralizes showing how effective an antacid neutralizes stomach acid. What composes the antacids ?stomach acid. What composes the antacids ?

They contain Base, Because base can They contain Base, Because base can neutralize the acidneutralize the acid

Acid and base reactionAcid and base reaction

Reaction of acid and base is called neutralization Reaction of acid and base is called neutralization reaction.reaction.

This reaction gives This reaction gives salt and watersalt and waterExampleExample

HCl + NaOH HCl + NaOH NaCl + H NaCl + H22OO

Some known salts..look on your book (Pg.30)Some known salts..look on your book (Pg.30)

Elements, compounds Elements, compounds and mixturesand mixtures

We have known that matter is composed We have known that matter is composed by particles. by particles.

According to According to JOHN DALTON..JOHN DALTON..He saidHe said

““ATOM IS THE SMALLEST PARTICLE ATOM IS THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT WHICH CAN’T OF AN ELEMENT WHICH CAN’T DEVIDED ANYMORE”DEVIDED ANYMORE”

The Combination of two or moe atoms makes a unit is The Combination of two or moe atoms makes a unit is

called called MOLECULEMOLECULE

MOLECULE MOLECULE is divided into two kindsis divided into two kinds

1.1.Element moleculesElement molecules

consist of one type atoms so the can’t consist of one type atoms so the can’t separated into other particlesseparated into other particles

ex. Hex. H2,2, OO22

2. Compound molecules2. Compound molecules

consist of unkind atoms, so it is can be consist of unkind atoms, so it is can be decomposed (diuraikan) into other decomposed (diuraikan) into other mattersmatters

Ex. Ex. Water HWater H22O consists of 2 hydrogen O consists of 2 hydrogen

atom and 1 oxigen atomatom and 1 oxigen atom

EXAMPLEEXAMPLEcount how many atoms count how many atoms consists belowconsists below

1.1. COCO22

2.2. NaClNaCl22

3.3. HH22SOSO4 4

44. C. C1212HH2222OO1111

5.5. 2CO2CO22

6.6. 3NaCL3NaCL22

7.7. 2H2H22SOSO44

MIXTURE and Compound

Many different mixtures and compounds can be prepared.  The following list is provided as suggested materials that may be used:

Mixture—Solution:Sugar in Water (heating the water may be required to fully dissolve the sugar)Lemon Juice in Water

Mixture—Suspension:Italian Salad Dressing (or other oil and vinegar salad dressing)Raisins and Cereal Sand and RocksCarbonated Soda

Mixture—Colloid: Shaving CreamMilk

Compound:Baking soda and vinegarWaterSaltSugar

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and bases. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge). These component ions can be inorganic such as chloride (Cl−), as well as organic such as acetate (CH3COO−) and monoatomic ions such as fluoride (F−), as well as polyatomic ions such as sulfate (SO42−).

Name of element

Usually the name of element are the name of country, such as germanium (Ge), Polonium (poland)

Ruler of writing elements symbols

1. If an element is symbolised by one letter, it must be capital letter . Ex. Carbon C, hydrogen H

2. If an element is symbolised by more than letters, The first letter must be capital letter followed by small letter, ex. Zinc Zn Copper Cu etc

Element and their Symbols

N Nitrogen

Ni Nickel

Na Natrium / sodium

H Hydrogen

He Helium

C Carbon

Cl Clorine

Co Cobalt

CO Carbon monodioxyde

Compound

You have learned that element is single matter. Are all single matters elements ?No !Water and sugar are single materBut the aren’t elementBecause the can be broken down into simple matter

Water can be brokendown into hidrogen and oxygen

H2O H2 + O2

2H2O H2 + O2

Sugar can be brokendown into carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

C12H22O11 C + H + O

What is compound

A single matter consisting of more than one elements

Separating Compound

Compound is a single matter that can’t be brokendown by physical separation

1. Electrolysis ex. separating water into Hydrogen and

oxygen2. Cristalization (evaporation) based on boiling point salt from sea water