achieving behavioural change: awareness buidling, public participation and working with civil...
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Achieving Behavioural Change: awareness buidling, public participation and
working with civil society
Stanley Nyoni The Natural Step Internationalwww.thenaturalstep.org
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Agenda
1. Sustainability Overview
2. Awareness
3. Participation and Civil sociéty
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
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Sustainable Development Overview
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Total Systems Thinking
V: Value is created by satisfying human needs (improving genuine quality of life), in an economically viable way for designers, producers and customers in the supply chain
I: Ecological impacts derive from wastes and emissions entering the bio-sphere and physical degradation of eco-systems
The strategic ‘single bottom line’ objective is to greatly increase V/I (by ‘Factor X’)
Resources Needs
Ear
th’s
Cru
st
Bio
-S
ph
ere
Uti
lisa
tio
n
“Permanent” Capture
ResourceProcessing Manufacturing
Goods &Service Delivery
FarmingFishing
Mining
Wastes and Emissions
Recycling
V
I
Materials& Energy
Products ServicePlatforms
Quality of life has material foundations
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Tipping Points - Cause and Effect?
Mined materials
Man-made substances
Physical degradation
Social barriers
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The Biosphere / the earthSystem
Success
Strategy
Action
Tools
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Slow geological cycles (vulcano eruptions and weathering)
Slow geological cycles (sedimentation and mineralization)
Open system for energy
Sustainability is about the ability of these cycles to run indefinitely
Cycles of Nature
Closed system for matter1)Nothing disappears2)Everything disperse
«Photosytesis provides new structure »
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Slow geological cycles (vulcano eruptions and weathering)
Slow geological cycles (sedimentation and mineralization)
Sustainability is about the ability of these cycles to run indefinitely
Cycles of Nature
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How do we destroy the system?
Persistent compounds foreign to nature
Physically inhibit nature’s ability to run cycles
Large flows of materials from the Earth’s crust
Barriers to people meeting their basic needs worldwide
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Natural and Human wealth
Two real sources of wealth
• wealth that flows from our use of the earth’s life support systems = natural capital
• wealth that flows from the use of our hands, brains and spirits = human capital
All else - money, machines, institutions - is derived from these two primary sources of wealth.
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Well-being
• Basic needs
• Interdependence
• Diversity
• Self-organization
Key characteristics of successful societies
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What are our human needs?
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Human needs
Subsis-tence
IdlenessPartici-pation
Protection AffectionUnder-
standing
Creation Identity Freedom
Manfred Max-Neef et al
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• Definable
• Same in all cultures (but different satisfiers)
• Not interchangeable
• Possible to satisfy globally within ecological constraints
• Difference between needs and wants
Human Needs
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Satisfaction of needs
need Satisfier« First objective solution»
Side
effects
-
Inhibiting Satisfiers
while satisfying one need, may well hinder its satisfaction in the
future and/or impede another need from being met at the same time.
+
Synergic satisfier
While satisfying one need, allows for its satisfaction in the future
and/or of other needs at the same time
Dynamic of
change
towards
Sustainable
Societies
-
Creating
global
value
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Classification of needs
• Destroyers
• Pseudo-Satisfiers
• Inhibitors
• Singular Satisfiers
• Synergic Satisfiers
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Copyright © 2004 The Natural Step
Human Needs
In meeting our needs we shouldn’t undermine the capacity of others to meet their needs now or for future generations.
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Tipping Points - Cause and Effect?
Mined materials
Man-made substances
Physical degradation
Social barriers
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Source: International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
NOAA
U.S
. Bu
rea
u o
f the
Ce
nsu
s
Ma
cken
zie e
t al (2
00
2)
Rich
ard
s (19
91
), WR
I (19
90
)
FAO
• Global-scale changes that affect functioning of Earth System
• Much more than climate change
• Socio-economic as well as biophysical
What is Global Change?
Vitousek (1994)
Reid &
Mille
r (1989)
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We are in a funnel
Decliningresources and ecosystem services
Increasingdemand for resources and ecosystem services
Time
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Source: www.footprintnetwork.org
Earth - overshoot dayOur Impact
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Territory size shows the proportion of the worldwide ecological footprint which is made there.
Source:www.worldmapper.org
Our Consumption Patterns
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Social issues and Environment
Global foot print network
.Healthy productive ecosystems are the source of the materials that satisfy human needs.
Residents of countries with severe bio-capacity constraints are often among the countries with the largest human development challenges.
Linking social &environmental issues
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Climate change Impact
IPCC: Impacts
The poorest of the poor in the world – and this includes poor people in prosperous societies – are going to be the worst hit. People who are poor are least able to adapt to climate change.”(Rajendra Pachauri, IPCC)
In some African countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by up to 20% by 2020.
Climate Change
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Sustainability Development
Global foot print network
The challenge.
How, given the current situation, do we manage and allocate, today, the Earth’s resources for the survival of a projected global population of 9 to 10 billion people in 2050 – and for their offspring indefinitely?
Sustainable development
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Sustainable developmentEco-footprint and HDI
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System
Success
Strategy
Action
Tools
TNS Five level model
What is success in the system?
What is the system we are talking about?
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How do we destroy the system?
Persistent compounds foreign to nature
Physically inhibit nature’s ability to run cycles
Large flows of materials from the Earth’s crust
Barriers to people meeting their basic needs worldwide
Copyright © 2007 The Natural Step
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Copyright © 2007 The Natural Step
...concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth’s crust,
...concentrations of substances produced by society,
...degradation by physical means,
...people are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs.
In a sustainable society, nature is not subject to systematically increasing...
and, in that society...
System
Success
Strategy
Action
Tools
2. Success
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Strategic Plannig Process
Awareness
Baseline
Creative Solutions
Decide on Priorities
Present
Future
Is it a step in the right direction?Is it a flexible platform?Is it a good return on investment?
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Visioning Exercise
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
1. Envision a Sustainable township in Kenya where all the basic human needs are met and people live within the 4
system Conditions.
Draw a crosse-section of the community highlight important landmarks and infrastructure.
2. What are the major stakeholders you need to involve in order to succeed.
3. What role will Civil society play in a sustianble society?
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System
Customers
Community/Region
PoliticiansSuppliers
General Public
Interest Groups
Partners
Researchers & Universities
MediaSocial FactorsFor example, lifestyle, values, culture, demography, ethics, trends in media and business
Economical factorsFor example world market
prize on raw material,relative prizes, inflation,interest, unemployment
CompetitorsOwners
Co-Workers
B2 – Determine Stakeholders
Political FactorsFor example political goals, guidelines, laws, taxes,subventions for environment
Technical FactorsFor example R&D, technical systems, standards, patent,
environment and health aspects
relative prizes
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Awareness Building
Three Prerequisites
• Working with the mindsets
• Empowerement
• Knowledge
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
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Awareness Building
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
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Awareness Building
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
Yes + Yes-
No- No+
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Awareness Building
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
Yes + Yes-
No- No+
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Awareness building
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
NO+CONTENTMENTAdjustment. My present situation feels good enough as it is. Relaxed, effortless self-control.
Attention focused on the here & now, no marked self-reflection. in the sense of not special. Being there.
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Awareness
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
NO--DENIALPseudo-adjustment.
-Maintaining status quo. -Life feels empty No clear feelings -Irritation. -focused on complying with the rules
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Awareness
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
YES-CONFUSIONMaladjustment. Something is or feels wrong here & now
-Yes/No conflicts- A sense of unreality. -start to look for answers
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Awareness
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
-Creative change.-Integration. A sense of »getting it all together-I participate and observe that I am participating. -Strong feelings of community. -Self-confidence. -Energy. -Radical ideas, -a desire to make things happen.
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Theory U
Seeingwith fresh eyes
Sensing from the field
Prototyping the new by linking head, heart, hand
Crystallizing vision and intention
Presencing connecting to Source
Downloadingpast patterns
Who is my Self? What is my Work?
Performing by operating from the whole
VoF
VoC
VoJ
suspending
redirecting
letting go
embodying
enacting
letting comeOpen Will
Open Heart
Open Mind
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Source: Otto Scharmer
4 Levels of Listening4 Levels of Listening
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Four Levels of Responding to Change1. Reacting: quick fixes
3. Reframing: values, beliefs
2. Redesigning: policies
4. Regenerating: sources of commitment and energy
Source of energy, inspiration and will
Manifest action
Thinking
Process, structure
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Enpowerement
Indicators:1.Whether an opportunity to make a choice exists
(existence of choice).
2. Whether a person actually uses the opportunity to choose (use of choice).
3. Whether the choice resulted in the desired result (achievement of choice).
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
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Degrees of empowerment
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
Domain Contributory factor Degree of Empowerment(DOE)Sub-domain macro intermediary local
state justice Asset Opportunity Structures
politics A OS
Service delivery AOS
Market credit AOS
labor
Society FamilyOS
Community A OSOS
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Pretty’s typology of participation
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
Passive Participation
Participation in Information giving
Participation by consultation
Participation for material incentive
Functional Participation
Interactive Participation
Self-Mobilisation
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Civil Society
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
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Civil Society approaches
ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL COURSE IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 2009 AFRICA
1. Non Profit approach• Charitable or philanthropic activities offereing health care, social
services, education, culture• Volonteering as additional resources
2. Mutual Approach• Organised to meet shared needs of members, such as self-help
groups, cooperatives• Areas of economic importance to members such as housing, banking
3. Movement approach• social movement tradition-civil rights, advocacy and social change
4. The future…closing the gap between corporates & Civil society through social enterprises