achieving accessibility in tertiary education websites: the case study of the asean university...
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Achieving accessibility in tertiary education websites:
The case study of the ASEAN University Network (AUN)
Rattanavalee Maisak
DIVISION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMFACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATIONRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY PHRA NAKHON
1. INTRODUCTION
• The UNCRPD applies human rights specifically to protect the rights and promotes equality of persons with disabilities.• About 16% of the total population of the Asia-Pacific region live with some form of disability. • The Asia-Pacific region was recorded the lowest levels of signature and ratification of UNCRPD.• ASEAN member states are automatically to respect UNCRPD• This study will examine the level of accessibility of university websites regarding the ASEAN University Network (AUN).
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
• The ASEAN University Network (AUN)• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)• Website evaluation methods
POUR principles
12 Guidelines
38 Success Criteria
(A ,AA, AAA)
WCAG 2.0
3. RESEARCH DESIGN
• 90 representative webpages from the 30 AUN members• An automated tool and expert manual testing • WCAG 2.0 guidelines (level A and AA)• WCAG-EM 1.0• Selected 3 pages : homepage, the international page the facility page
(N=90) Total of errors found Average SD. Min. Max.
Tested Pages 553 6.14 2.71 3 13
Number of errors found on the universities’ webpages
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A AA0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 469
84
Level of WCAG 2.0
No. of Errors
Scan results of compliance with WCAG 2.0 levels A and AA
A : One or more groups will find it impossible to access information.AA : One or more groups will find it difficult to access information.
1.1.1 1.2.1
1.2.2 1.2.3
1.3.11.3.2
1.3.31.4.1
1.4.2 2.1.1
2.1.2 2.2.1
2.2.2 2.3.1
2.4.1 2.4.2
2.4.3 2.4.4
3.1.1 3.2.1
3.2.2 3.3.1
3.3.24.1.1
4.1.2 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8071
13
3 2
69
7 1016
2
32
3 512
6
33
6 3
67
25
1 1 15
19
57
The checkpoints (level A)
No. of Errors
Breakdown of violations within Level A
Criterion 1.1.1- Non-text Content
alt= “Thai language”
Breakdown of critical failures
1.4.2 2.1.2 2.2.2 2.3.10
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
23
12
6
The checkpoint (level A)
No. of Errors
Criterion 2.2.2 - Pause, Stop, Hide
• People who has trouble reading stationary text quickly • People who has trouble tracking moving objects• People with attention deficit disorders
Breakdown of POUR principles
52%
36%
8%5%
Perceivable Opeable Understandable Robust
Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. This means that users must be able to perceive the information being presented. (it can't be invisible to all of their senses)
Perceivable principle
Total violations across tested pages
Home Facility International 0
50
100
150
200
250227
169157
No. of Errors
University Pages
5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Accessible the AUN websites
Training
Enforcement Policies
Raising Awareness
• The lack of knowledge and awareness about web accessibility and related fields• Training and education• The enforcement of policies and providing action plans
• Web Accessibility • Assistive Technology• The special needs of people with disabilities• The fundamentals of HTML5 & CSS3
• The governments of the member countries of ASEAN • The AUN Staffs• ASEAN4ALL.org• Accessibility policies
• Action Plans