ACHIEVEMENT TEST REVIEW

Which sequence represents the correct order of organization in complex organisms?

 (1) tissues organs systems cells(2) organs tissues systems cells(3) systems organs cells tissues(4) cells tissues organs systems

In an ocean, the growth and survival of seaweed, small fish, and sharks depends on abiotic factors such as

 (1) sunlight, temperature, and minerals(2) sunlight, pH, and type of seaweed(3) number of decomposers, carbon

dioxide, and nitrogen(4) number of herbivores, carbon, and

food

Which situation is a result of human activities?

 (1) decay of leaves in a forest adds to soil

fertility(2) acid rain in an area kills fish in a lake(3) ecological succession following volcanic

activity reestablishes an ecosystem(4) natural selection on an island changes

gene frequencies

Which process helps reduce global warming?

 (1) decay(2) industrialization (3) photosynthesis (4) burning

Which statement most accurately describes scientific inquiry?

  (1) It ignores information from other sources. (2) It does not allow scientists to judge the

reliability of their sources. (3) It should never involve ethical decisions

about the application of scientific knowledge. (4) It may lead to explanations that combine

data with what people already know about their

surroundings.

The diagram below represents a pyramid of energy that includes both producers and consumers.

The greatest amount of available energy is found

at level   (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

The diagram below represents a food web.

Two of the herbivores represented in this food web are

(1) toads and snakes(2) deer and mice(3) wolves and raccoons (4) grasshoppers and toads

Abiotic factors that characterize a forest ecosystem include

 (1) light and biodiversity(2) temperature and amount of

available water(3) types of producers and

decomposers(4) pH and number of heterotrophs

One season, there was a shortage of producers in a food web. As a result, the number of deer and wolves decreased. The reason that both the deer and wolf populations declined is that

  (1) producers are not as important as consumers in a food web (2) more consumers than producers are needed to support the food web (3) organisms in this food web are interdependent (4) populations tend to stay constant in a food web

Which concept is best represented in the diagram shown below?

(1) Human actions are a threat to equilibrium in ecosystems.

(2) Equilibrium in ecosystems requires that humans modify ecosystems.

(3) Equilibrium in ecosystems directly affects how humans modify ecosystems.

(4) Human population growth is the

primary reason for equilibrium in ecosystems.

In December 2004, a tsunami (giant wave) destroyed many of the marine organisms along the coast of the Indian Ocean. What can be expected to happen to the ecosystem that was most severely hit by the tsunami?

  (1) The ecosystem will change until a new stable

community is established. (2) Succession will continue in the ecosystem until

one species of marine organism is established. (3) Ecological succession will no longer occur in this

marine ecosystem. (4) The organisms in the ecosystem will become

extinct.

The chart below contains both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms.

Organisms that carry out only heterotrophic nutrition are found in

(1) row A, only (2) row B, only (3) rows A and B (4) rows A and C

A stable pond ecosystem would not contain

 (1) materials being cycled(2) oxygen(3) decomposers(4) more consumers than producers

Certain insects resemble the bark of the trees on which they live. Which statement provides a possible biological explanation for this resemblance?

  (1) The insects needed camouflage so they

developed protective coloration. (2) Natural selection played a role in the

development of this protective coloration. (3) The lack of mutations resulted in the protective

coloration. (4) The trees caused mutations in the insects that

resulted in protective coloration.

A food chain is represented below.Grass Cricket Frog Owl

This food chain contains  (1) 4 consumers and no producers(2) 1 predator, 1 parasite, and 2

producers(3) 2 carnivores and 2 herbivores(4) 2 predators, 1 herbivore, and 1

producer

In an ecosystem, the growth and survival of organisms are dependent on the availability of the energy from the Sun. This energy is available to organisms in the ecosystem because

  (1) producers have the ability to store energy

from light in organic molecules (2) consumers have the ability to transfer

chemical energy stored in bonds to plants (3) all organisms in a food web have the ability to

use light energy (4) all organisms in a food web feed on autotrophs

A volcanic eruption destroyed a forest, covering the soil with volcanic ash. For many years, only small plants could grow. Slowly, soil formed in which shrubs and trees could grow. These changes are an example of

 

(1) manipulation of genes (2) evolution of a species(3) ecological succession (4) equilibrium

The development of an experimental research plan should not include a

(1) list of safety precautions for the experiment

(2) list of equipment needed for conducting the experiment

(3) procedure for the use of technologies needed for the experiment

(4) conclusion based on data expected to be collected in the experiment

A student performed an experiment to demonstrate that a plant needs chlorophyll for Photosynthesis. He used plants that had green leaves with white areas. After exposing the plants to sunlight, he removed a leaf from each plant and processed the leaves to remove the chlorophyll. He then tested each leaf for the presence of starch. Starch was found in the area of the leaf that was green, and no starch was found in the area of the leaf that was white. He concluded that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.

Which statement represents an assumption the student had to make in order to draw this conclusion?

  (1) Starch is synthesized from the glucose produced in

the green areas of the leaf. (2) Starch is converted to chlorophyll in the green areas

of the leaf. (3) The white areas of the leaf do not have cells. (4) The green areas of the leaf are heterotrophic.

One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is

 (1) number of autotrophs (2) temperature variation(3) salt content (4) pH of water

Which component of a stable ecosystem can not be recycled?

(1) oxygen (2) water (3) energy (4) nitrogen

A food web is represented in the diagram below.

Which population in this food web would most likely be negatively affected by an increase in the mouse population?

(1) snake (2) rabbit (3) wolf (4) hawk

Which result of technological advancement has a positive effect on the environment?

(1) development of new models of computers each year, with disposal of the old computers in landfills

(2) development of new models of cars that travel fewer miles per gallon of gasoline

(3) development of equipment that uses solar energy to charge batteries

(4) development of equipment to speed up the process of cutting down trees

Species A, B, C, and D are all different heterotrophs involved in the same food chain in an ecosystem. The chart below shows the population of each species at the same time on a summer day.

Which statement best describes one of these species of heterotrophs?

(1) Species A is the most numerous because it can make its own food.

(2) Species B probably feeds on species D. (3) Species C and B interbred to produce species A. (4) Species D is most likely the top predator in the food

chain.

Which statement describes a role of fungi in an ecosystem?

(1) They transfer energy to decaying matter.

(2) They release oxygen into the ecosystem.

(3) They recycle chemicals from dead organisms.

(4) They synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic substances.

The diagram below represents four different species of wild birds. Each species has feet with different structural adaptations.

The development of these adaptations can best be explained by the concept of

(1) inheritance of resistance to diseases that affect all these species

(2) inheritance of characteristics acquired after the birds hatched from the egg

(3) natural selection (4) selective breeding

Which biome is the richest in terms of the number of species?

(A) Tundra, (B) Desert, (C) Tropical Rain Forest, (D) Taiga.

The diagram below represents an energy pyramid constructed from data collected from an aquatic ecosystem.

Which statement best describes this ecosystem?

(1) The ecosystem is most likely unstable.

(2) Long-term stability of this ecosystem will continue.

(3) The herbivore populations will continue to increase in size for many years.

(4) The producer organisms outnumber the consumer organisms.

WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE LENGTH OF THE EARTHWORM SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM BELOW?

(1) 9 mm (2) 90 mm (3) 10.6 cm (4) 106 cm

In an ecosystem, the herring population was reduced by fishermen. As a result, the tuna, which feed on the herring, disappeared. The sand eels, which are eaten by herring, increased in number. The fishermen then overharvested the sand eel population. Cod and seabirds then decreased. Which food web best represents the feeding relationships in this ecosystem?

Ans. C

Two food chains are represented below.Food chain A:

aquatic plant→insect→frog→hawkFood chain B: grass → rabbit → hawk

Decomposers are important for supplying energy for

(1) food chain A, only(2) food chain B, only(3) both food chain A and food chain B(4) neither food chain A nor food chain B

What is an appropriate title for this diagram?

(1) Energy Flow in a Community

(2) Ecological Succession(3) Biological Evolution(4) A Food Chain 

Which organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?

(1) hawk(2) cricket(3) grass (4) deer  

The brown summer feathers of ptarmigans, small Arctic birds, are replaced by white feathers after winter arrives. Which statement best explains this observation?

(1) The expression of genes can be modified by the environment.

(2) Holes in the ozone layer vary in size depending on the season.

(3) Acids in rain bleach the brown feathers of the birds.

(4) Mutations occur only during certain seasons.

Ecosystems will have a greater chance of maintaining equilibrium over a long period of time if they have

(1) organisms imported by humans from other environments

(2) a sudden change in climate(3) a diversity of organisms(4) predators eliminated from the food chains

WHICH CONCEPT IS REPRESENTED IN THE GRAPH BELOW?

(1) ecological succession in a community (2) cycling of carbon and nitrogen in a

forest (3) energy flow in a food chain over time (4) negative human impact on the

environment

Which materials would the student most likely have used in this investigation?

(1) microscope, pipette, and slides with coverslips

(2) graduated cylinder, triple-beam balance, and chromatography paper

(3) thermometer, electric balance, and biological stains

(4) computer, pH paper, and gel electrophoresis apparatus

An energy pyramid containing autotrophs and other organisms from a food chain is represented below.

Carnivores would most likely be located in

(1) level I, only(2) level I and level II(3) level III, only(4) level II and level III

Which material is being cycled?

(1) carbon dioxide(2) nitrogen (3) oxygen(4) water

Which event is the best example of competition between species in a pond environment?

(1) dragonflies landing on lily pads

(2) frogs and toads eating flies(3) lizards and snakes lying in the sun

(4) hawks eating mice

The diagram below shows a rock suspended above an overflow container filled with water up to the overflow spout. A graduated cylinder is positioned next to the container to collect water that comes out of the overflow spout.

Which property of the rock can be directly determined when the rock is placed in the overflow

container? (1) mass (2) density (3) volume (4) hardness

Which process is an example of a physical change?

(1) wood burning(2) iron rusting (3) ice melting(4) milk souring

Which statement best describes the energy changes that occur while a child is riding on a sled down a steep, snow-covered hill?

(1) Kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases.

(2) Kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases.

(3) Both potential energy and kinetic energy decrease.

(4) Both potential energy and kinetic energy increase.

The diagram below shows a hammer being used by a person to remove a nail from a piece of wood

The hammer is being used as which type of simple machine?

(1) wheel and axle(2) inclined plane (3) lever(4) pulley

The wheels and gears of a machine are greased in order to decrease

(1) potential energy(2) efficiency (3) output(4) friction

Which action forms a different chemical substance?

(1) crushing a rock(2) burning a piece of wood(3) mixing salt and pepper(4) melting an ice cube

Which instrument could be used to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

Ans. 4

THE DIAGRAM BELOW SHOWS THE HEAD STRUCTURE OF FOUR DIFFERENT BIRDS.The birds’ beaks show how

the birds(1) compete for the same

food in their community(2) require different

amounts of food for survival

(3) store food for the winter months

(4) are adapted to get food from different sources

How do decomposers obtain their food?

(1) hunting and killing prey for food

(2) changing carbon dioxide and water into food

(3) absorbing food from dead organisms

(4) producing food from oxygen and sunlight

A STUDENT WANTED TO STUDY THE AMOUNT OF MOLD GROWING ON PIZZA AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. IN THE EXPERIMENT, THE STUDENT SET UP FOUR IDENTICAL PANS OF PIZZA. EACH PAN CONTAINED THE SAME AMOUNT OF PIZZA. THE TEMPERATURES AND LIGHT CONDITIONS ARE SHOWN IN THE DATA TABLE BELOW.

One error made in setting up the experiment was that the four pans of pizza

(1) were at different temperatures (2) were different sizes (3) had different ingredients (4) received different amounts of light

During which phase change is heat energy absorbed by a substance?

(1) liquid to gas(2) gas to solid (3) liquid to solid(4) gas to liquid

WHICH OBJECT REPRESENTS A SIMPLE MACHINE?

Battery Pliers Match Candle ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )

SOME SPECIES OF BACTERIA ARE HARMFUL. ANTIBIOTICS ARE CHEMICALS THAT KILL BACTERIA. SOME BACTERIA ARE RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICS AND ARE NOT KILLED BY THESE CHEMICALS. OVER TIME, THE RESISTANT BACTERIA CAN REPRODUCE AND CREATE POPULATIONS THAT ARE NOT AFFECTED BY ANTIBIOTICS.

THE GRAPHS BELOW SHOW THE RESULTS OF A CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT THAT MEASURED THE POPULATION OF ONE SPECIES OF BACTERIA THAT HAD BEEN GROWN IN FOUR CONTAINERS UNDER IDENTICAL CONDITIONS. DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTICS WERE ADDED TO THREE OF THE FOUR CONTAINERS.

The control in this experiment is represented by the container with (1) antibiotic A added (2) antibiotic B added (3) antibiotic C added (4) no antibiotic added

WHICH TITLE BEST DESCRIBES THE PROCESSES SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM BELOW?

(1) The Rock Cycle (2) The Water Cycle (3) Plate Tectonics (4) Chemical

Changes

Which equipment will best separate a mixture of iron filings and black pepper?

(1) magnet(2) filter paper (3) triple-beam balance(4) voltmeter

THE DIAGRAM BELOW SHOWS MILK BEING POURED INTO A MEASURING CUP.

Which property of the milk can be directly

measured using the cup? (1) mass (2) density (3) solubility (4) volume

Populations living in one place form a

(1) community(2) system (3) habitat (4) species

THE DIAGRAM BELOW SHOWS A PENNY SCRATCHING THE SURFACE OF THE MINERAL CALCITE.Which physical property of the calcite is being tested?

(1) streak point(2) hardness (3) melting (4) reaction to acid

The speedometer in a car does not measure the car’s velocity because velocity is a (1) vector quantity and has a direction associated with it (2) vector quantity and does not have a direction associated with it (3) scalar quantity and has a direction associated with it (4) scalar quantity and does not have a direction associated with it

The speed of an object undergoing constant acceleration increases from 8.0 meters per second to 16.0 meters per second in 10. seconds. How far does the object travel during the 10. seconds?

(1) 3.6 × 102 m(2) 1.6 × 102 m (3) 1.2 × 102 m(4) 8.0 × 101 m

A 60.-kilogram student climbs a ladder a vertical distance of 4.0 meters in 8.0 seconds. Approximately how much total work is done against gravity by the student during the climb?

(1) 2.4 × 103 J(2) 2.9 × 102 J(3) 2.4 × 102 J (4) 3.0 × 101 J

What is the maximum amount of work that a 6000.-watt motor can do in 10. seconds? (1) 6.0 × 101 J (2) 6.0 × 102 J (3) 6.0 × 103 J (4) 6.0 × 104 J

The mass of a paper clip is approximately (1) 1 × 106 kg (2) 1 × 103 kg (3) 1 × 10–3 kg (4) 1 × 10–6 kg

THE GRAPH BELOW REPRESENTS THE DISPLACEMENT OF AN OBJECT MOVING IN A STRAIGHT LINE AS A FUNCTION OF TIME.What was the total

distance traveled by the object during the 10.0-second time interval?

(1) 0 m(2) 8 m(3) 16 m (4) 24 m

Which combination of fundamental units can be used to express energy?

(1) kg•m/s(2) kg•m2/s(3) kg•m/s2

(4) kg•m2/s2

A race car starting from rest accelerates uniformly at a rate of 4.90 meters per second2. What is the car’s speed after it has traveled 200. meters?

(1) 1960 m/s(2) 62.6 m/s(3) 44.3 m/s (4) 31.3 m/s

A joule is equivalent to a(1) N•m(2) N•s (3) N/m(4) N/s

The weight of a chicken egg is most nearly equal to

(1) 10–3 N(2) 10–2 N(3) 100 N (4) 102 N

THE DIAGRAM BELOW REPRESENTS A FORCE VECTOR, A, AND A RESULTANT VECTOR, R.

Which force vector B below could be added to force vector A to produce resultant vector R?

Ans. 1

Which quantity is a measure of the rate at which work is done?

(1) energy(2) power(3) momentum (4) velocity

THE TABLE BELOW LISTS THE MASS AND SPEED OF EACH OF FOUR OBJECTS.

Which two objects have the same kinetic energy?

(1) A and D(2) B and D (3) A and C(4) B and C

A FORCE OF 1 NEWTON IS EQUIVALENT TO 1

Ans. 1

AN OBSERVER RECORDED THE FOLLOWING DATA FOR THE MOTION OF A CAR UNDERGOING CONSTANT ACCELERATION.

What was the magnitude of the acceleration of

the car? (1) 1.3 m/s2

(2) 2.0 m/s2

(3) 1.5 m/s2

(4) 4.5 m/s2

WHICH GRAPH BEST REPRESENTS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POWER REQUIRED TO RAISE AN ELEVATOR AND THE SPEED AT WHICH THE ELEVATOR RISES?

Ans 1

Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of a neon atom?

(1) electrons and positrons(2) electrons and neutrons(3) protons and neutrons(4) protons and electrons

Which element is classified as a nonmetal?

(1) Be(2) Al (3) Si(4) Cl

Which substance can be decomposed by chemical means?

(1) tungsten(2) antimony(3) krypton (4) methane

Bronze contains 90 to 95 percent copper and 5 to 10 percent tin. Because these percentages can vary, bronze is classified as

(1) a compound(2) an element(3) a mixture (4) a substance

At room temperature, a mixture of sand and water can be separated by

(1) ionization(2) combustion(3) filtration (4) sublimation

Which statement describes a chemical property

of hydrogen gas? (1) Hydrogen gas burns in air. (2) Hydrogen gas is colorless. (3) Hydrogen gas has a density of 0.000 09

g/cm3

at STP. (4) Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of 20. K

at standard pressure.

Which compound releases hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution?

(1) CH3COOH(2) CH3OH(3) HCl (4) KOH

Which list of elements consists of metalloids, only?

(1) B, Al, Ga(2) C, N, P (3) O, S, Se(4) Si, Ge, As

Which term is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample?

(1) temperature(2) pressure(3) thermal energy (4) chemical energy

WHICH PARTICLE DIAGRAM REPRESENTS A SAMPLE OF ONE COMPOUND, ONLY?

Ans. 4

An Arrhenius base yields which ion as the only negative ion in an aqueous solution?

(1) hydride ion(2) hydrogen ion(3) hydronium ion (4) hydroxide ion

Which element has both metallic and nonmetallic properties?

(1) Rb(2) Rn (3) Si(4) Sr

Which statement describes a chemical property of the element magnesium?

(1) Magnesium is malleable.(2) Magnesium conducts electricity.(3) Magnesium reacts with an acid.(4) Magnesium has a high boiling point

Matter that is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion is classified as

(1) a compound(2) an isotope (3) a mixture(4) a solution

THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS MASS AND VOLUME DATA FOR FOUR SAMPLES OF SUBSTANCES AT 298 K AND 1 ATMOSPHERE.

Which two samples could consist of the same

substance? (1) A and B (2) A and C (3) B and C (4) C and D

Which element is a metal that is in the liquid phase at STP?

(1) bromine(2) cobalt(3) hydrogen (4) mercury

Which property could be used to identify a compound in the laboratory?

(1) mass(2) melting point (3) temperature(4) volume

Which substance can not be decomposed by a chemical change?

(1) AlCl3(2) H2O (3) HI(4) Cu

Tetrachloromethane, CCl4, is classified as a (1) compound because the atoms of the

elements are combined in a fixed proportion

(2) compound because the atoms of the elements are combined in a proportion that varies

(3) mixture because the atoms of the elements are combined in a fixed proportion

(4) mixture because the atoms of the elements are combined in a proportion that varies

Which of the following pH values indicates the highest concentration of hydronium ions in a solution?

(1) pH = 1(2) pH = 2(3) pH = 3(4) pH = 4

Which is the best procedure to follow if a student spills several drops of concentrated HCl on his hand?

(1) Cover the area with solid sodium hydrogen

carbonate.(2) Rinse with large amounts of cold

water.(3) Wash with concentrated sodium

hydroxide solution.(4) Wrap the hand with sterile gauze.

Which statement about silicon is false?

(1) It is a metalloid.(2) It behaves as a semiconductor

when pure.(3) It is extremely rare in the earth's

crust.(4) It has a smaller atomic radius

than aluminum.

Choose the response that includes all the items listed below that are pure substances.

1. orange juice 2. steam 3. wine4. carbon dioxide 5. gasoline

1. 1, 3, 52. 2, 43. 1, 3, 44. 4 only

Which one of the following is a physical change?

1. water when heated forms steam 2. bleach turns hair yellow 3. sugar when heated becomes brown 4. milk turns sour

How many significant figures are there in 1.3070 g?

1. 62. 53. 44. 3