ACHEIVING ENERGY ACHEIVING ENERGY INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

THROUGH SOLID WASTE?THROUGH SOLID WASTE?

GoalsGoals

1)1) Finding an alternative source of oil.Finding an alternative source of oil.

2)2) Finding this source without adversely Finding this source without adversely impacting the environment.impacting the environment.

3)3) Finding a procedure that is cost efficient Finding a procedure that is cost efficient and technologically feasible.and technologically feasible.

CURRENTLY . . .

As of 1999, 61% of US solid waste was disposed of in landfills.

Prices for disposal of waste have increased. New technologies and recycling could mitigate

current landfill problems.

HOW MUCH MSW DO WE CREATE? 230 million tons of MSW. 4.6 pounds of waste per

day per person. double that of the 1960

figures (2.6 pounds per day per person).

How do we deal with Municipal Solid Waste?

RecyclingCompostingCombustionLandfills

How is oil formed in the earth?

HOW DO WE TURNHOW DO WE TURN WASTE INTO OIL? WASTE INTO OIL?

THERMO-DEPOLYMERIZATION THERMO-DEPOLYMERIZATION

PROCESS (TDP)PROCESS (TDP)

What is TDP?“The Thermal Conversion Process, or TCP, mimics the

earth’s natural geothermal process by using water, heat and pressure to chemically reform organic and inorganic wastes into specialty chemicals, gases, carbons and fertilizers. Even heavy metals are transformed into harmless oxides..”

Which company does TDP?

HOW DOES TDP WORK (1)?

1. The feedstock (waste) is fed into a hopper.

2. The waste goes to the mixing tank where it is mixed with water to form a slurry.

3. Placed under high pressure and heated.4. Oil separated from water.5. Different temperatures and pressures

create different kinds of oils.

What Type of Waste Can the TDP Process?

Food Industry Crop residuals, poultry

plant waste, slaughterhouse waste

Petroleum, Coal, Shale & Tar Sand industries Processes waste from

bottom of tanks, heavy crude oil, coal and shale and tar sands

Paper and Pulping Plastics

Converts PVC, HDPE and mixed plastics

Tires and Rubber Scraps, oil, plastics, wood

and steel Hazardous Waste Medical Infectious

Waste Kills bacteria, viruses and

other pathogens MSW

Nonvaluable recyclables

What is produced (1)?1) Hydrocarbon Oils:

Typical elements of the oil produced consists of Cyclohexane (i.e paint remover), Methylethyl Benzene (i.e. rubber and waxes), Toluene (i.e. solvent for manufacturing of explosives). And Cyclopropane.

A high value crude oil product that refiners, fuel blenders, and boiler operations want.

2) Natural Gas Fuel gas (methane, propane and butane)

with sufficient BTU levels to operate turbines or boilers in order to create electricity or steam.

What is produced (2)?

3) Solid/Minerals Minerals produced are valuable

fertilizers for the agriculture industry4) Fatty Acid Oils

Used to make soap, lubricants, and rubber products

5) Solid/Carbon Used as a filter or fuel source

Costs

The estimated cost of the 1st commercial TDP site is $15 million dollars.

The operational costs are minimal because 1) It is a closed system, so there is no

environmental cleanup cost 2) The process creates its own gas to

power the operation. Keep in mind that the end product is

marketable.

FYI- Oil Production Costs

According to the inventor of TDP, oil could be produced at $8-$12/Barrel.

Environmental Bonuses (1)

1) Water is the only waste from the system (discharged into the city sewage).

2) Energy efficiency is 85%.3) Does not use combustion, therefore the

process does not emit harmful pollutants such as dioxins.

Environmental Bonuses (2)

1) Reduces the need to dispose of harmful materials.

2) Helps reduce landfill problems.3) TDP can be used to clean coal prior to

combustion. Also, Methane and Propane will be extracted from the coal.

4) By recycling waste, TDP reduces the emission of greenhouse gases.

Effects on Petroleum

“The TDP bridges the gap between the petroleum industry and the renewable energy sector by providing a new source of clean, high quality oils that will supplement dwindling oil reserves.”

Permitting

For the purposes of permitting, the plants are not treated as waste treatment facilities; they are treated as manufacturers.

Since no combustion takes place inside the plant there is no pollution. Because of this, the plants receive a solid waste permit waiver.

Butterball Turkey PlantButterball Turkey PlantCarthage Missouri: 1Carthage Missouri: 1stst Commercial Commercial

Scale Plant.Scale Plant.

INPUT AND OUTPUT FROM THE BUTTERBALL TURKEY PLANT

INPUT

Fats Bones Feathers Cartilage

OUTPUT Oil

Very high grade oil: TDP-40. (The 40 stands indicates the weight of the oil).

Gases High Quality

Fertilizers Specialty Chemicals

End Product Distribution

75% Oil 15% Fuel-Gas

10% Carbon and Minerals

Quantity of End Product The Butterball Turkey Plant produces

200 tons of waste a day. 75% of that can be converted into oil =

150 tons 150 x 2000 pounds = 300,000 lbs 300,000/7 (lbs per gal of oil) = 42,857 Then, take 42,857/42 (Gal per Barrel) =

1020.41 Barrels/day 1020.41 x 365 = 372,449.65 barrels/yr

What if we lose 25% of our Oil imports?

The U.S. imports approximately 11.5 million barrels of oil a day.

25% of 11.5 million is 2,876,712 barrels/day 2,876,712 x 365 = 1,003,750,000

barrels/year 1,050,000,000/372,449.65 (plants

production/yr)=2,819 That means that we would need

approximately 2,819 plants with as much output as the Butterball Turkey plant to cover the 25% reduction

ConclusionConclusion

There is a fair amount of There is a fair amount of apprehension. Therefore, getting apprehension. Therefore, getting companies to practice TDP could be a companies to practice TDP could be a major challenge for Changing World major challenge for Changing World Technologies.Technologies.

Few people know about it. Few people know about it.

Practically SpeakingPractically Speaking

TDP cannot solve our energy TDP cannot solve our energy deficiency problems.deficiency problems.

TDP produces useful products TDP produces useful products without environmental harm. without environmental harm.